I. Inverted world: Karl marx on estrangement of nature and society

Capitalism, Nature, Socialism

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 31-47

  Sheasby, Walt ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGICAL APPROACH; MARX,K; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; SOCIALISM; THEORY;

EID: 0031448536     PISSN: 10455752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10455759709358760     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Mikhail Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World, trs. by Helène Iswolsky (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), p. 66.
2. William S. Walsh, Curiosities of Popular Customs (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1909), p. 184.
3. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Carnival in Romans (New York: George Braziler, Inc., 1980), pp. 229-263.
4. See Terry Pinkard, Hegel's Phenomenology: The Sociality of Reason (NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 42, 359, fn 81.
5. G.W. F. Hegel, The Phenomenology of Mind [1806] (NY: Harper & Row, 1967), pp. 203-04.
6. Ibid.
7. Interpretations abound, but for one view of the reductio see: Joseph C. Flay, "Hegel's 'Inverted World'." Review of Metaphysics, 23, 4, June 1970.
8. Karl Marx, Doctoral Dissertation (1842) (Hereafter referred to as DD), Collected Works, Volume I (Hereafter referred to as CW followed by the volume number), p. 86.
9. The Complete Poems of Heinrich Heine, tr. by Hal Draper (Boston: Suhrkamp/Insel, 1982), p. 406.
10. Karl Marx, Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Praft) trs. by Martin Nicolaus (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1973; New York: Vintage Books, 1973), (Hereafter referred to as G), p. 269.
11. Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, Part 3 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1989) (Hereafter referred to as TSV followed by volume number) p. 476.
12. Karl Marx, "Die Resultate," Results of the Immediate Process of Production (1863-1866) (Hereafter referred to as R), in C 1, p. 1062.
13. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Writings on the Paris Commune, Hal Draper, ed. (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971), p. 163.
14. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Vol 1 (Hereafter referred to as C, followed by the volume number), p. 343.
15. Karl Marx, The Poverty of Philosophy, in CW, Vol. 6, p.170.
16. Karl Marx, "The I.M.W.A. to the National Labor Union of the U.S." (May 12, 1869), Minutes of the General Council of the First International, 1868-1870, Vol. 3 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1964), pp. 102, 321.
17. Kenneth Burke, "Symbolic War," The Southern Review, 2, Summer, 1936, p. 146. See also "Twelve Propositions on the Relation Between Economics and Psychology," Science and Society, 11, 2, Spring, 1938.
18. Kenneth Burke, "Symbolic War," The Southern Review, 2, Summer, 1936, p. 146. See also "Twelve Propositions on the Relation Between Economics and Psychology," Science and Society, 11, 2, Spring, 1938.
19. The German Ideology. Feuerbach, (Hereafter referred to as GI-F) CW 5, p. 50.
20. The German Ideology. The Leipzig Council. III Saint Max (Hereafter referred to as GI-SM), CW 5, p. 234.
21. William Shakespeare, As You Like It, Act 2, Scene 3, Line 139 (New York: Bantam Books, 1988), p. 40.
22. GI-F, CW 5, p. 31.
23. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (Hereafter referred to as EPM), CW 3, p. 279.
24. Ibid., p. 275.
25. G, p. 269.
26. Ibid., p. 1051.
27. TSV 1; p. 345; in CW 31, p. 241
28. TSV 1; p. 345; in CW 31, p. 241
29. TSV 1; in CW 30, p. 388.
30. TSV 1; in CW 30, p. 388.
31. G, p. 489.
32. EPM, CW 3, p. 277.
33. C 1, p. 649
34. G, p. 308.
35. TSV 1, p. 391.
36. TSV 3, p. 276.
37. TSV 1, p. 390
38. EPM, CW 3, pp. 296, 300.
39. Friedrich Engels, "Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy," in Karl Marx, The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Dirk J. Struik, ed. (New York: International Publishers, 1964), p. 210.
40. Ibid., pp.276.
41. G, p. 496.
42. Ibid., pp. 276, 277.
43. DD, CW 1, p. 65
44. G, pp. 226, 89.
45. Ibid., pp. 611-12.
46. C 3, p. 909.
47. Note that Marx's injunction here is explicitly extended not only to private capital, but to public ownership by the nation state or even united nations collectively. Here the legal form of ownership is irrelevant. None can be considered as an "owner of the earth." Moreover, as Marx wrote in his excerpt books for 1879-1881, "Where the State is itself a capitalist producer, as in the exploitation of mines, forests, etc., its product is a 'commodity' and hence possesses the specific character of every other commodity." Karl Marx, "Marginal Notes on Adolph Wagner's 'Lehrbuch der politischen Ökonomie'," Theoretical Practice, 5, Spring, 1972, p. 51. Marx's vision of socialism is not about the nationalization of industry; it is about abolishing the estrangement of labor and nature. This actually goes to the heart of Marx's entire democratic/revolutionary socialist project from 1844 to 1883. See Hal Draper, Socialism from Below (NY: Humanities Press, 1990), or the essay The Two Souls of Socialism ( [London: Bookmarks, 1996]).
48. Note that Marx's injunction here is explicitly extended not only to private capital, but to public ownership by the nation state or even united nations collectively. Here the legal form of ownership is irrelevant. None can be considered as an "owner of the earth." Moreover, as Marx wrote in his excerpt books for 1879-1881, "Where the State is itself a capitalist producer, as in the exploitation of mines, forests, etc., its product is a 'commodity' and hence possesses the specific character of every other commodity." Karl Marx, "Marginal Notes on Adolph Wagner's 'Lehrbuch der politischen Ökonomie'," Theoretical Practice, 5, Spring, 1972, p. 51. Marx's vision of socialism is not about the nationalization of industry; it is about abolishing the estrangement of labor and nature. This actually goes to the heart of Marx's entire democratic/revolutionary socialist project from 1844 to 1883. See Hal Draper, Socialism from Below (NY: Humanities Press, 1990), or the essay The Two Souls of Socialism ( [London: Bookmarks, 1996]).
49. Note that Marx's injunction here is explicitly extended not only to private capital, but to public ownership by the nation state or even united nations collectively. Here the legal form of ownership is irrelevant. None can be considered as an "owner of the earth." Moreover, as Marx wrote in his excerpt books for 1879-1881, "Where the State is itself a capitalist producer, as in the exploitation of mines, forests, etc., its product is a 'commodity' and hence possesses the specific character of every other commodity." Karl Marx, "Marginal Notes on Adolph Wagner's 'Lehrbuch der politischen Ökonomie'," Theoretical Practice, 5, Spring, 1972, p. 51. Marx's vision of socialism is not about the nationalization of industry; it is about abolishing the estrangement of labor and nature. This actually goes to the heart of Marx's entire democratic/revolutionary socialist project from 1844 to 1883. See Hal Draper, Socialism from Below (NY: Humanities Press, 1990), or the essay The Two Souls of Socialism ( [London: Bookmarks, 1996]).
50. Ibid., p. 910.
51. Karl Marx, "Contribution to Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Introduction," 1843 (Hereafter referred to as CCHPR), CW 3, p. 182.
52. Karl Marx, "On the Jewish Question," 1843, CW 3, p. 154. See Pepita Haezrahi, "Man as End in Himself," in Immanuel Kant: Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals with Critical Essays, Robert Paul Wolff, ed. (NY: Bobbs Merrill, 1969).
53. Karl Marx, "On the Jewish Question," 1843, CW 3, p. 154. See Pepita Haezrahi, "Man as End in Himself," in Immanuel Kant: Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals with Critical Essays, Robert Paul Wolff, ed. (NY: Bobbs Merrill, 1969).
54. TSV 2, p. 548.
55. CCHPR, CW 3, p. 182.
56. GI-F, CW 5, pp. 38, 30.
57. C 1, p. 179.
58. C 3, p. 969.
59. EPM, CW 3,p. 266.
60. EPM, CW 3, p. 326. Translation from Karl Marx: Early Writings, trs. and ed. by T.B. Bottomore (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1964), p. 193.
61. EPM, CW 3, p. 326. Translation from Karl Marx: Early Writings, trs. and ed. by T.B. Bottomore (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1964), p. 193.
62. TSV 3, p. 514-5.
63. C 3, pp. 826-7.
64. C 1, p. 170.
65. C 1, p. 170.
66. IbId.
67. Frederick Engels, "The Frankfut Assembly Debates the Polish Question," 1848, CW 7, p. 372.
68. Letter, Marx to Ferdinand Lasalle, April 19, 1859. CW 40, p. 420.
69. Karl Marx, "The War Debate in Parliament'," 1854, CW 13, p. 132.
70. R in C 1, p. 1033.
71. Chris Harman, Economics of the Madhouse (London: Bookmarks, 1995).
72. TSV 3, p. 296; CW 32, p. 429.
73. TSV 3, p. 296; CW 32, p. 429.
74. Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Program, 1875, (NY: International Publishers, 1938), p. 8.
75. GI-F, CW 5, p. 48.
76. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1848, CW 6, p. 506.
77. C1, p. 638.