Cheap labor strategies and export-oriented industrialization: Some lessons from the Los Angeles/East Asia apparel connection

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 202-217

  Appelbaum, Richard P ^a   Christerson, Brad ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORPORATE STRATEGY; FLEXIBLE LABOUR; LABOUR COSTS; MANUFACTURING; SUBCONTRACTING; TEXTILE INDUSTRY;

ASIA; ASIA, (EAST); EUROPE, (EAST); PACIFIC;

EID: 0031445459     PISSN: 03091317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00069     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Appelbaum, R.P. (1996) Multiculturalism and flexibility: some new directions in global capitalism. In A. Gordon and C. Newfield (eds.), Mapping multiculturalism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
2. _ and E. Bonacich (1993) A tale of two cities: the garment industry in Los Angeles. Report to the Haynes Foundation, Los Angeles.
3. _, D. Smith and B. Christerson (1994) Commodity chains and industrial restructuring in the Pacific Rim: garment trade and manufacturing. In G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz, Commodity chains and global capitalism, Greenwood Press.
4. _ and Gary Gereffi (1994) Power and profits in the apparel commodity chain. In E. Bonacich, L. Cheng, N. Chinchilla, N. Hamilton and P. Ong (eds.), Global production: the apparel industry in the Pacific Rim, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA.
5. Balassa, B. and L. Bauwens (1988) Changing patterns in manufactured goods: an econometric investigation. NHPC, North-Holland.
6. Bergstrand, J.H. (1985) The gravity equation in international trade: some microeconomic foundations and empirical evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics 67, 474-81.
7. _ (1989) The generalized gravity equation, monopolistic competition, and the factor-proportions theory in international trade. Review of Economics and Statistics 71, 143-53.
8. Birnbaum, D. (1993) Importing garments through Hong Kong. New Horizons, Hong Kong.
9. Bonacich, E., L. Cheng, N. Chinchilla, N. Hamilton and P. Ong (eds.) (1994) Global production: the apparel industry in the Pacific Rim. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA.
10. California EDD (Employment Development Department) (1994) Los Angeles-Long Beach MSA annual average labor force and industry employment. EDD, March 1994 Benchmark, Sacramento.
11. Castells, M. (1992) Four Asian tigers with a dragon head: a comparative analysis of the state, economy, and society in the Asian Pacific Rim. In R.P. Appelbaum and J. Henderson (eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
12. Castro, J. (1993) Disposable workers. Time Magazine 29 March, 43-7.
13. Chan, J. (1993) Interview with Joseph Chan, General Manager of Innova Ltd, Hong Kong, 30 June.
14. Cheng, F.M.P. (1993) Interview with Francis Cheng, Assistant Managing Director for Wing-Tai Exports Ltd, Hong Kong, 18 July.
15. Cheng, L. and P.C. Hsiung (1992) Women, export-oriented growth, and the state: the case of Taiwan. In R.P. Appelbaum and J. Henderson (eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
16. Christerson, B. and R.P. Appelbaum (1995) Global and local subcontracting: space, ethnicity, and the organization of apparel production. World Development 23.8, 1363-74.
17. _ (1995) The rag trade: an analysis of the organization of production processes in the world-system. Unpublished doctoral dissertation (draft), UCSB Department of Sociology, Santa Barbara, California.
18. Cunningham, J.P. (1993) Personal interview with the Vice President for Offshore Sourcing, The Gap Far East, Hong Kong, 12 July.
19. Deyo, F.C. (1992) The political economy of social policy formation: East Asia's newly industrialized countries. In R.P.Appelbaum and J. Henderson (eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
20. Dicken, P. (1992) Global shift: the internationalization of economic activity. 2nd edition, Guilford Publications, New York.
21. Dickerson, K. (1991) Textiles and apparel in the international economy. Macmillan, New York.
22. Ernst, D. (1980) The new international division of labour, technology and underdevelopment: consequences for the third-world. Campus Verlag, New York.
23. Frobel, F., J. Heinrichs and O. Kreye (1980) The new international division of labor: structural unemployment in industrialized countries and industrialization in developing countries. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Gereffi, G. (1994) The organization of buyer-driven global commodity chains: how US retailers shape overseas production networks. In G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz, Commodity chains and global capitalism, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 95-122.
25. Gerlach, M. (1992) Alliance capitalism: the strategic organization of Japanese business. University of California Press, Berkeley.
26. Granovetter, M. (1985) Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 9.3, 481-510.
27. Green, P. (1997) Mexico sews up US title as top textile supplier: cost advantages, proximity help NAFTA partner dethrone China. The Journal of Commerce (7 April).
28. Hakansson, H. (ed.) (1982) International marketing and purchasing of industrial goods. 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
29. Henderson, J. (1993) Against the economic orthodoxy: on the making of the East Asian miracle. Economy and Society 22, 200-17.
30. _ and R.P. Appelbaum (1992) Situating the state in the Asian development process. In R.P. Appelbaum and J. Henderson (eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
31. Hsu, N. (1993) Interview with Norman Hsu, Managing Director of Newton Enterprises Ltd, Hong Kong, 16 July.
32. Klopp, B. (1993) Interview with Brent Klopp, Vice President of Production Planning, Bugle Boy Ltd, Simi Valley, California, 4 April.
33. Leung, C.K. (1993) Personal contacts, subcontracting linkages, and development in the Hong Kong-Zhujiang Delta region. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83.2, 272-302.
34. McDonald, J.F. and R.A. Moffitt (1980) The uses of Tobit analysis. Review of Economics and Statistics 62.2.
35. Molotch, H.L. (1995a) Local economies as works of art: the role of aesthetics and design in Los Angeles. Unpublished manuscript, UCSB Department of Sociology, Santa Barbara, California.
36. _ (1995b) The work of art: how aesthetic expression builds economies. Unpublished manuscript, UCSB Department of Sociology, Santa Barbara, California.
37. Morrow, L. (1993) The temping of America. Time Magazine, 29 March, 40-1
38. Morse, S. (1992) Personal interview with then-owner and director of the California Mart, 28 October.
39. Ng, R. (1993) Interview with Ringo Ng, Vice-President and General Manager of Manhattan Industries (Far East) Ltd, Hong Kong, 9 July.
40. Orru, M., G.G. Hamilton and M. Suzuki (1989) Patterns of inter-firm control in Japanese business. Organization Studies 10.4, 549-74.
41. Peterson, K. (1992) The Maquiladora revolution in Guatemala. Occasional Paper Series 2, Orville H. Schell Jr. Center for International Human Rights, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT.
42. _ (1994) The Maquila revolution in Guatemala. In E. Bonacich, L. Cheng, N. Chinchilla, N. Hamilton and P. Ong (eds.), Global production: the apparel industry in the Pacific Rim, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA.
43. Pfeffer, J. and J.N. Baron (1988) Taking the workers back out: recent trends in the structuring of employment. Research in Organizational Behavior 10, 257-303.
44. Piore, M.J. and C.F. Sabel (1984) The second industrial divide: possibilities for prosperity. Basic Books, New York.
45. Porter, M.E. (1990a) The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review March-April, 73-93.
46. _ (1990b) The competitive advantage of nations. The Free Press, New York.
47. Rosenblatt, R.A. (1993) Benefits studied for part-time workers. Los Angeles Times 16 June, D-14.
48. Salaff, J. (1992) Women, the family, and the state in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. In R.P. Appelbaum and J. Henderson (eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
49. Scott, A.J. (1988) Flexible production systems and regional development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 12, 171-86.
50. _ and M. Storper (eds.) (1986) Production, work, and territory: the geographical anatomy of industrial capitalism. Allen & Unwin, Boston.
51. Smart, J. and A. Smart (1993) Personal relations and divergent economies: a case study of Hong Kong investment in South China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 15.2, 216-33.
52. Storper, M. and S. Christopherson (1987) Flexible specialization and regional industrial agglomeration: the case of the U.S. motion picture industry. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77, 104-17.
53. _ and R. Walker (1989) The capitalist imperative: territory, technology, and industrial growth. Basil Blackwell, New York.
54. Taplin, I. (1989) Segmentation and organization of work in the Italian apparel industry. Social Science Quarterly 70.2, 408-24
55. _ (1994) Strategic reorientations of U.S. apparel firms. In G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz (eds.), Commodity chains and global capitalism. Greenwood Press.
56. Tobin, J. (1958) Estimation of relations for limited dependent variables. Econometrica 26, 24-36.
57. UN (1993) Yearbook of international trade statistics. UN, New York.
58. US Bureau of Census (1991) County business patterns. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
59. US Bureau of Labor Statistics [US BLS] (1991) Wage rates. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
60. Walker, R. (1988) The geographical organization of production-systems. Environment and Planning 6.4: 377-408
61. Walton, S. (1993) Inteview with Steve Walton, Managing Director of Innova, Ltd, Hong Kong, 3 May.
62. Willis, T.H. and C.R. Hutson (1990) Vendor requirements and evaluation in a just-in-time environment. International Journal of Purchasing Management 10.4, 41-50.
63. Wong, V. (1993) Interview with Victor Wong, Assistant Production Manager for Wing-Tai Garment International, Hong Kong, 4 July.