Testing species boundaries in biodiversity studies

Conservation Biology

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1289-1297

  Sites Jr , Jack W ^a   Crandall, Keith A ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMMON SNAPPING TURTLE; POPULATION GENETICS; SPECIES BOUNDARY; SPECIES DIAGNOSIS;

ANIMALIA; CHELYDRA; CHELYDRA SERPENTINA SERPENTINA; TESTUDINES; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0031445235     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96254.x     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Allendorf, F. W., and R. F. Leary. 1988. Conservation and distribution of genetic variation in a polytypic species, the cutthroat trout. Conservation Biology 2:170-184.
2. Aquadro, C. F., and J. C. Avise. 1982. Evolutionary genetics of birds. VI. A reexamination of protein divergence using varied electrophoretic conditions. Evolution 36:1003-1019.
3. Avise, J. C. 1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. Chapman & Hall, New York.
4. Avise, J. C. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and a connection between genetics and demography of relevance to conservation. Conservation Biology 9:686-690.
5. Avise, J. C., and R. M. Ball, Jr. 1990. Principles of genealogical concordance in species concepts and biological taxonomy. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 7:45-67.
6. Avise, J. C., and J. L. Hamrick. 1996. Conservation genetics. Case histories from nature. Chapman & Hall, New York.
7. Avise, J. C., B. W. Bowen, T. Lamb, A. B. Meylan, and E. Bermingham. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9:457-473
8. Ballard, J. W. O., and M. E. Kreitman. 1995. Is mitochondrial DNA a strictly neutral marker? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:485-488.
9. Barbadilla, A., L. M. King, and R. C. Lewontin. 1996. What does electrophoretic variation tell us about protein variation? Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:427-432.
10. Barton, N. H., and G. M. Hewitt. 1989. Adaptation, speciation, and hybrid zones. Nature 341:497-503.
11. Baum, D. A., and M. J. Donoghue. 1995. Choosing among alternative "phylogenetic" species concepts. Systematic Botany 20:560-573.
12. Birky, C. W., Jr., T. Maruyama, and P. Fuerst. 1983. An approach to population and evolutionary genetic theory for genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, and some results. Genetics 103:513-527.
13. Birky, C. W., Jr., P. Fuerst, and T. Maruyama. 1989. Organelle gene diversity under migration, mutation, and drift: equilibrium expectations, approach to equilibrium, effects of heteroplasmic cells, and comparison to nuclear genes. Genetics 121:613-627.
14. Bowen, B., J. C. Avise, J. I. Richardson, A. B. Meylan, D. Margaritoulis, and S. Hopkins-Murphy. 1994. Population structure of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Conservation Biology 7:834-844.
15. Brownlow, C. A. 1996. Molecular taxonomy and the conservation of the red wolf and other endangered carnivores. Conservation Biology 10:390-396.
16. Castelloe, J., and A. R. Templeton. 1994. Root probabilities for intraspecific gene trees under neutral coalescent theory. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3:102-113.
17. Collins, J. T. 1991. A new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Review 22:42-43.
18. Coyne, J. A. 1982. Gel electrophoresis and cryptic protein variation. Pages 1-32 in M. C. Ratazzi, J. G. Scandalios, and G. S. Whitt, editors. Isozymes: current topics in biological and medical research. A. R. Liss, New York.
19. Cracraft, J. 1983. Species concepts and speciation analysis. Current Ornithology 1:159-187.
20. Cracraft, J. 1987. Species concepts and the ontology of evolution. Biology and Philosophy 2:329-346.
21. Crandall, K. A., and A. R. Templeton. 1993. Empirical tests of some predictions from coalescent theory with applications to intraspecific phylogeny reconstruction. Genetics 134:959-969.
22. Cronin, M. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: cautionary notes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21:339-348.
23. Daugherty, C. H., A. Cree, J. M. Hay, and M. B. Thompson. 1990. Neglected taxonomy and continuing extinctions of tuatara (Sphenodon). Nature 34:177-179.
24. Davis, J. I. 1996. Phylogenetics, molecular variation, and species concepts. BioScience 46:502-511.
25. Davis, J. I., and K. C. Nixon. 1992. Populations, genetic variation, and the delimitation of phylogenetic species. Systematic Biology 41: 421-435.
26. Degnan, S. M. 1993. The perils of single gene trees: mitochondrial versus single-copy nuclear DNA variation in white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae). Molecular Ecology 2:219-225.
27. Densmore, L. D., III, F. L. Rose, and S. J. Kain. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special reference to Nerodia harteri. Herpetologica 48:60-68.
28. de Queiroz, K., and M. J. Donoghue. 1988. Phylogenetic systematics and the species problem. Cladistics 4:317-338.
29. Dizon, A. E., C. Lockyer, W. F. Perrin, D. P. Demaster, and J. Sisson. 1992. Rethinking the stock concept: a phylogeographic approach. Conservation Biology 6:24-36.
30. Donoghue, M. J. 1985. A critique of the biological species concept and recommendations for a phylogenetic alternative. Bryologist 88: 172-181.
31. Dowling, T. E., C. Moritz, J. D. Palmer, and L. H. Rieseberg. 1996. Nucleic acids III: analysis of fragments and restriction sites. Pages 249-320 in D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, editors. Molecular sytematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
32. Doyle, J. J. 1992. Gene trees and species trees: molecular systematics as one-character taxonomy. Systematic Botany 17:144-163.
33. Doyle, J. J. 1995. The irrelevance of allele tree topologies for species delimitation, and a non-topological alternative. Systematic Botany 20:574-588.
34. Echelle, A. A., and T. E. Dowling. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution of the Death Valley pupfishes (Cyprinodon, Cyprinodontidae). Evolution 46:193-206.
35. Frankel, O. H., and M. E. Soulé. 1981. Conservation and evolution. Cambridge University Press, New York.
36. Frost, D. R., and D. M. Hillis. 1990. Species in concept and practice: herpetological applications. Herpetologica 46:87-104.
37. Frost, D. R., and A. G. Kluge. 1995. A consideration of epistemology in systematic biology, with special reference to species. Cladistics 10: 259-294.
38. Good, D. A. 1994. Species limits in the genus Gerrhonotus (Squamata: Anguidae). Herpetological Monographs 8:180-202.
39. Hedges, S. B., and K. L. Burnell. 1990. The Jamaican radiation of Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae): an analysis of relationships and biogeography using sequential electrophoresis. Caribbean Journal of Science 26: 31-44.
40. Highton, R., and S. B. Hedges. 1995. Geographic protein variation in Pseudacris brimleyi (Anura: Hylidae): analysis by sequential electrophoresis. Journal of Herpetology 29:419-425.
41. Hillis, D. M. 1994. Homology in molecular biology. Pages 339-368 in B. K. Hall, editor. Homology: the hierarchical basis of comparative biology. Academic Press, New York.
42. Hillis, D. M., B. K. Mable, and C. Moritz. 1996. Applications of molecular systematics: the state of the field and a look to the future. Pages 515-543 in D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, editors. Molecular systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
43. Kluge, A. G. 1990. Species as historical individuals. Biology and Philosophy 5:417-431.
44. Larson, A. 1989. The relationship between speciation and morphological evolution. Pages 579-598 in D. Otte and J. A. Endler, editors. Speciation and its consequences. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
45. Lesica, P., and F. W. Allendorf. 1995. When are peripheral populations valuable for conservation? Conservation Biology 9:753-760.
46. Mallet, J. 1995. A species definition for the modern synthesis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:294-299.
47. Mayr, E. 1963. Animal species and evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
48. Mayr, E. 1992. A local flora and the biological species concept. American Journal of Botany 79:222-238.
49. McKitrick, M. C., and R. M. Zink. 1988. Species concepts in ornithology. Condor 90:1-14.
50. Mink, D. G., and J. W. Sites, Jr. 1996. Species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and origins of viviparity in the Scalaris complex of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae). Herpetologica 52: 551-557.
51. Moore, W. S. 1995. Inferring phylogenies from mtDNA variation: mitochondrial-gene trees versus nuclear-gene trees. Evolution 49:718-726.
52. Moritz, C. 1994. Applications of mitochondrial DNA analysis in conservation: a critical review. Molecular Ecology 3:401-411.
53. Moritz, C. 1995. Uses of molecular phylogenies for conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 349:113-118.
54. Murphy, R. W., and C. B. Crabtree. 1985. Evolutionary aspects of isozyme patterns, number of loci, and tissue-specific gene expression in the prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis. Herpetologica 41:451-470.
55. Murphy, R. W., J. W. Sites, Jr., D. G. Buth, and C. H. Haufler. 1996. Proteins: isozyme electrophoresis. Pages 51-120 in D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, editors. Molecular systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
56. Neigel, J. E., and J. C. Avise. 1986. Phylogenetic relationships of mitochondrial DNA under various demographic models of speciation. Pages 515-534 in E. Nevo and S. Karlin, editors. Evolutionary processes and theory. Academic Press, New York.
57. Nixon, K. C., and Q. D. Wheeler. 1990. An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics 6:211-223.
58. O'Connell, M. 1992. Response to: "Six biological reasons why the Endangered Species Act doesn't work and what to do about it". Conservation Biology 2:140-143.
59. O'Hara, R. J. 1993. Systematic generalization, historical fate, and the species problem. Systematic Biology 42:231-246.
60. Pamilo, P., and M. Nei. 1988. Relationships between gene trees and species trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 5:568-583.
61. Phillips, C. A., W. W. Dimmick, and J. L. Carr. 1996. Conservation genetics of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Conservation Biology 10:397-405.
62. Rand, D. M. 1996. Neutrality tests of molecular markers and the connection between DNA polymorphism, demography, and conservation biology. Conservation Biology 10:665-671.
63. Raven, P. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1992. A fifty-year plan for biodiversity surveys. Science 258:1099-1100.
64. Rojas, M. 1992. The species problem and conservation: what are we protecting? Conservation Biology 6:170-178.
65. Schmidt, K. 1996. Rare habitats vie for protection. Science 274:916-918.
66. Smith, G. R. 1992. Introgression in fishes: significance for paleontology, cladistics, and evolutionary rates. Systematic Biology 41: 41-57.
67. Soulé, M. E. 1989. Conservation biology in the twenty-first century: summary and outlook. Pages 297-303 in D. Western and M. Pearl, editors. Conservation for the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press, New York.
68. Soulé, M. E. 1990. The real work of systematics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77:4-12.
69. Swofford, D. L., G. J. Olsen, P. J. Waddell, and D. M. Hillis. 1996. Phylogenetic inference. Pages 407-514 in D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, editors. Molecular systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
70. Systematics Agenda 2000. Charting the biosphere. 1994. Association of Systematic Collections, Washington, D.C.
71. Templeton, A. R. 1989. The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. Pages 3-27 in D. Otte and J. A. Endler, editors. Speciation and its consequences. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
72. Templeton, A. R. 1993. The "Eve" hypothesis: a genetic critique and reanalysis. American Anthropologist 95:51-72.
73. Templeton, A. R. 1994. The role of molecular genetics in speciation studies. Pages 455-477 in B. Schierwater, B. Streit, G. P. Wagner, and R. DeSalle, editors. Molecular ecology and evolution: approaches and applications. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
74. Templeton, A. R., and C. F. Sing. 1993. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination. Genetics 134:659-669.
75. Templeton, A. R., E. Routman, and C. A. Phillips. 1995. Separating population structure from population history: a cladistic analysis of geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Genetics 140: 767-782.
76. Vogler, A. P., and R. DeSalle. 1994. Diagnosing units of conservation management. Conservation Biology 8:354-363.
77. Whittemore, A. T. 1993. Species concepts: a reply to Ernst Mayr. Taxon 42:573-583.
78. Wiley, E. O. 1978. The evolutionary species concept reconsidered. Systematic Zoology 27:17-26.
79. Wu, C. -I. 1991. Inferences of species phylogeny in relation to segregation of ancient polymorphisms. Genetics 127:429-435.