Dystonia and dyskinesia

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 821-838

  Cardoso, F ^a   Jankovic, J ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIPERIDEN; CARBIDOPA; LEVODOPA; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL;

DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFECT; DYSKINESIA; DYSTONIA; GENETICS; HUMAN; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; ONSET AGE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA;

EID: 0031444921     PISSN: 0193953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70347-6     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Ad Hoc Committee: Ad Hoc Committee of the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. (Drs. A. Barbeau, DB Calne, S Fahn, CD Marsden, J Menkes, and GF Wooten), February 1984
2. M. Aramideh J.L.A. Eekhof L.J. Bour Electromyography and recovery of the blink reflex in involuntary eyelid closure: A comparative study J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58 1995 692 698
3. A. Berardelli J.C. Rothwell B.L. Day C.D. Marsden Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia Brain 108 1985 593 608
4. J. Blasi E.R. Chapman E. Link Botulinum neurotoxin A selectively cleaves the synaptic protein SNAP-25 Nature 365 1993 160 163
5. A. Blitzer M.F. Brin Laryngeal dystonia: A series with botulinum toxin therapy Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 100 1991 85 89
6. A. Blitzer M.F. Brin S. Fahn R.E. Lovelace Clinical and laboratory characteristics of focal laryngeal dystonia: Study of 110 cases Laryngoscope 98 1988 636 640
7. S.B. Bressman D. de Leon P.L. Kramer Dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews: Clinical characterization of a founder mutation Ann Neurol 36 1994 771 777
8. S.B. Bressman A.L. Hunt G. Heinman Exclusion of the DYT1 locus in a non-Jewish family with early onset-dystonia Mov Disord 9 1994 626 632
9. R. Burke S. Fahn C.D. Marsden Torsion dystonia: A double-blind, prospective trial of high-dosage trihexyphenidyl Neurology 36 1986 160 164
10. P. Calabresi M. De Murtas N.B. Mercuri Chronic neuroleptic treatment: D2 dopamine receptor supersensitivity and striatal glutamatergic transmission Ann Neurol 31 1992 366 373
11. A. Cammarota O. Gershanik S. Garcia Cervical dystonia due to spinal cord ependymoma: Involvement of cervical cord segments in the pathogenesis of dystonia Mov Disord 10 1995 500 503
12. F. Cardoso J. Jankovic Blepharospasm J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 129 141
13. F. Cardoso J. Jankovic Clinical use of botulinum neurotoxins C. Montecucco Clostridial Neurotoxins 1995 Springer Berlin 123 141
14. F. Cardoso J. Jankovic Oromandibular dystonia J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 181 191
15. F. Cardoso J. Jankovic Progressive supranuclear palsy D.B. Calne Neurodegenerative Diseases 1994 WB Saunders Philadelphia 769 786
16. F. Cardoso J. Jankovic R. Grossman Outcome after stereotactic thalamotomy for dystonia and hemiballismus Neurosurgery 36 1995 501 508
17. A.O. Ceballos-Baumann R.E. Passingham T. Warner Overactive prefrontal and underactive motor cortical areas in idiopathic dystonia Ann Neurol 37 1995 363 372
18. A.O. Ceballos-Baumann R.E. Passingham C.D. Marsden Motor reorganization in acquired hemidystonia Ann Neurol 37 1995 746 757
19. J. Chan M.F. Brin S. Fahn Idiopathic cervical dystonia: Clinical characteristic Mov Disord 6 1991 119 126
20. R.-S. Chen C.-H. Tsai C.-S. Lu Reciprocal inhibition in writer's cramp Mov Disord 10 1995 556 561
21. D.W. Claypool D.D. Duane D.M. Ilstrup Epidemiology and outcome of cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) in Rochester, Minnesota Mov Disord 10 1995 608 614
22. R. Cole M. Hallet L.G. Cohen Double-blind trial of botulinum toxin for treatment of focal hand dystonia Mov Disord 10 1995 466 471
23. I.S. Cooper G. Bravo Implications of a 5-year study of 700 basal ganglia operations Neurology 8 1958 701 707
24. A.J. Cross T.J. Crow I.N. Ferrier Chemical and structural changes in the brain in patients with movement disorder D.E. Casey T.N. Chase A.V. Chritine J. Gerlach Dyskinesia: Research and Treatment 1985 Springer-Verlag New York 104 110
25. H.H. Dedo J.J. Townsend K. Izdebski Current evidence for the organic etiology of spastic dysphonia Otolaryngology 86 1978 875 880
26. D. Duane M. Berman Depression and anxiety in cervical dystonia patients vs. spine pain controls Mov Disord 7 suppl 1 1992 124
27. D. Eidelberg J.R. Moeller T. Ishikawa The metabolic topography of idiopathic torsion dystonia Brain 118 1995 1473 1484
28. R.J. Elble C. Moody C. Higgins Primary writing tremor: A form of focal dystonia? Mov Disord 5 1990 118 126
29. R.S. Eldridge The torsion dystonias: Literature review and genetic and clinical studies Neurology 20 1970 1 78
30. R.S. Eldridge S. Fahn Advances in Neurology: Dystonia vol 14 1976 Raven Press New York
31. J.S. Elston Botulinum toxin for blepharospasm J. Jankovic M. Hallet Therapy with Botulinum Toxin 1994 Dekker New York 191 198
32. S. Fahn Generalized dystonias J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 193 211
33. S. Fahn High dosage anticholinergic therapy in dystonia Neurology 33 1983 1255 1261
34. S. Fahn The tardive dyskinesias W.B. Matthews G.H. Glaser Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology, vol 4 1984 Churchill-Livingstone Edinburgh 229 260
35. S. Fahn A therapeutic approach to tardive dyskinesia J Clin Psychiatry 46 1985 19 24
36. S. Fahn D.T. Williams Psychogenic dystonia Adv Neurol 50 1988 431 455
37. Fahn S. Marsden C.D. Calne D.B. Classification and investigation of dystonia. Marsden C.D. Fahn S. Movement Disorders 2 1987 Butterworths London 332 358
38. B. Ford P. Greene E.D. Louis Use of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of patients with dystonia Arch Neurol 53 1996 1241 1246
39. H. Förstl B. Krumm S. Eden Neurological disorders in 166 patients with basal ganglia calcification: A statistical evaluation J Neurol 239 1992 36 38
40. E. Garcia-Albea O. Franch D. Munoz Bruegel's syndrome, report of a case with postmortem studies J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44 1981 437 440
41. G. Gardos D. Casey Tardive Dyskinesia and Affective Disorders 1983 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC
42. W.F. Gattaz A. Emrich S. Behrens Vitamin E attenuates the development of haloperidol-induced dopaminergic hypersensitivity in rats—possible implications for tardive dyskinesia J Neural Transm 92 1993 197 201
43. J. Gerlach Current views on tardive dyskinesia Pharmacopsychiatry 24 1991 47 48
44. O. Gershanik Drug-induced movement disorders Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 6 1993 369 376
45. W.R.G. Gibb I. Killford C.D. Marsden Severe generalized dystonia associated with a mosaic pattern of striatal gliosis Mov Disord 7 1992 217 223
46. W.R.G. Gibb A.J. Lees C.D. Marsden Pathological report of four patients presenting with cranial dystonias Mov Disord 3 1988 211 221
47. S. Gimenez-Roldan G. Delgado M. Marin Hereditary torsion dystonia in Gypsies Adv Neurol 50 1988 73 81
48. W.R. Gowers A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System 1888 Churchill London
49. F. Grandas J. Elston N. Quinn C.D. Marsden Blepharospasm: A review of 264 patients J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51 1988 767 772
50. P. Greene S. Fahn Baclofen in the treatment of idiopathic dystonia in children Mov Disord 7 1992 48 52
51. L.M. Gunne J.E. Haggstrom B. Sjoquist Association with persistent neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia of regional changes in brain GABA synthesis Nature 309 1984 347 349
52. G. Holmgren I. Ozelius L. Forsgren Adult onset idiopathic torsion dystonia is excluded from the DYT1 region (9q34) in a Swedish family J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59 1995 178 181
53. O. Hornykiewicz S. Kish L. Becker Brain neurotransmitters in dystonia musculorum deformans N Engl J Med 315 1986 347 353
54. W.B. Huttner Snappy exocytotoxins Nature 365 1993 104 105
55. H. Ichinose T. Ohye E.-I. Takahashi Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation caused by mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene Nature Genet 8 1994 236 242
56. T. Inada K. Ohnishi M. Kamisada A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in Japan Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 240 1991 350 254
57. M. Jahanshahi C.D. Marsden Body concept, disability, and depression in patients with spasmodic torticollis Behav Neurol 3 1990 117 131
58. M. Jahanshahi C.D. Marsden Depression in torticollis: A controlled study Psychol Med 18 1988 925 933
59. M. Jahanshahi C.D. Marsden Psychological functioning before and after treatment of torticollis with botulinum toxin J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55 1992 229 231
60. J. Jankovic Tardive syndromes and other drug-induced movement disorders Clin Neuropharmacol 18 1995 197 214
61. J. Jankovic J. Beach Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders Neurology 48 1997 358 362
62. J. Jankovic S. Fahn Dystonic disorders J. Jankovic E. Tolosa Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, ed 2 1993 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore 337 374
63. J. Jankovic J. Orman Blepharospasm: Demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients Ann Opthalmol 16 1984 371 376
64. J. Jankovic J. Orman Botulinum toxin treatment for cranial-cervical dystonia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study Neurology 37 1987 616 623
65. Jankovic J. Orman J. Tetrabenazine therapy of dystonia, chorea, tics and other dyskinesias Neurology 38 1988 391 394
66. J. Jankovic S.C. Patel Blepharospasm associated with brainstem lesions Neurology 33 1983 1237 1240
67. J. Jankovic K. Schwartz Longitudinal follow-up of botulinum toxin injections for treatment of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia Neurology 43 1993 834 836
68. J. Jankovic K. Schwartz Response and immunoresistance to botulinum toxin injections Neurology 45 1995 1743 1745
69. J. Jankovic K. Schwartz The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of hand dystonias J Hand Surg [Am] 18 1993 883 887
70. J. Jankovic K. Schwartz D. Donovan Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53 1990 633 639
71. J. Jankovic C.N. Svendsen E.D. Bird Brain neurotransmitters in dystonia N Engl J Med 316 1987 278 279
72. J. Jankovic S. Leder D. Warner Cervical dystonia: Clinical findings and associated movement disorders Neurology 41 1991 1088 1091
73. D.V. Jeste R.J. Wyatt Understanding and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia 1982 Guilford Press New York
74. J.M. Kane J.M. Smith Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors Arch Gen Psychiatry 39 1982 473 481
75. J.M. Kane M. Woerner M. Borenstein Integrating incidence and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia Psychoparmacol Bull 22 1986 254 258
76. P.L. Kramer S.B. Bressman S. Fahn The genetics of dystonia J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 43 58
77. P.L. Kramer D. de Leon L. Ozelius Dystonia gene in Askenazi Jewish population is located on chromosome 9q32-34 Ann Neurol 27 1990 114 120
78. J. Kulisevsky M.J. Marti I. Ferrer E. Tolosa Meige syndrome: Neuropathy of a case Mov Disord 3 1988 170 175
79. K. Kupke M. Graeber U. Muller Dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome (KPD) locus: Flanking markers in Xq12-q21.1 Am J Hum Gent 50 1992 808 815
80. L.V. Lee K.G. Kupke F. Caballar-Gonzaga The phenotype of the X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome, an assessment of 42 cases in the Philippines Medicine 70 1991 179 187
81. L.V. Lee F.M. Pascasio F.D. Fuentes Torsion dystonia in Panay, Philippines Adv Neurol 14 1976 235 243
82. M.S. Lee C.D. Marsden Review: Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region Mov Disord 9 1994 493 507
83. A.J. Lees N. Turjanski J. Rivest Treatment of cervical dystonia, hand spasms, and laryngeal dystonia with botulinum toxin J Neurol 239 1992 1 4
84. P.A. LeWitt G.J. Brewer Wilson's disease (progressive hepatolenticular degeneration) D.B. Calne Neurodegenerative Diseases 1994 WB Saunders Philadelphia 667 683
85. J.A. Lieberman B.L. Saltz C.A. Johns The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia Br J Psychiatry 158 1991 503 510
86. C.L. Ludlow The spasmodic dysphonias: Speech, movement, and physiological characteristics J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 159 180
87. C.D. Marsden Dystonia: The spectrum of the disease M. Yahr The Basal Ganglia 1976 Raven Press New York 351 367
88. C.D. Marsden Dystonia—psychogenic problems Adv Neurol 65 1995 319 326
89. C.D. Marsden J.D. Parkes Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease Lancet 1 1977 345 349
90. C.D. Marsden M.J.G. Harrison S. Bundey Natural history of idiopathic torsion dystonia Adv Neurol 14 1976 177 187
91. C.D. Marsden J.A. Obeso J.J. Zarranz A.E. Lang The anatomical basis of symptomatic hemidystonia Brain 108 1985 463 483
92. Mavroudakis N. Caroyer J.M. Brunko E. Abnormal motor evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in focal dystonia Neurology 45 1995 1671 1677
93. E.G. McGeer P.L. McGeer Pathology of dystonias J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 77 102
94. H. Meige Les convulsions de la face: Une forme clinique de convulsion faciale, bilaterale et médiane Rev Neurol 21 1910 437 443
95. L.G. Miller J. Jankovic Drug-induced dyskinesias J.B. Anthony R.B. Young Disorders of Movement in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry ed 2 1997 Blackwell Scientific Cambridge, MA (in press)
96. I.J. Mitchell A.R. Crossman U. Liminga Regional changes in 2-deoxyglucose uptake associated with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia in the Cebus monkey Mov Disord 7 1992 32 37
97. I.J. Mitchell R. Luquin S. Boyce Neural mechanisms of dystonia: Evidence from a 2-deoxyglucose uptake study in a primate model of dopamine-agonist induced dystonia Mov Disord 5 1990 49 54
98. K. Nakashima M. Kusumi Y. Inoue Prevalence of focal dystonias in the western area of Tottori prefecture in Japan Mov Disord 10 1995 440 443
99. K. Nakashima J.C. Rothwell B.L. Day Reciprocal inhibition in writer's and other occupational cramps and hemiparesis due to stroke Brain 112 1989 681 697
100. R.K. Narayan P.G. Loubser J. Jankovic Intrathecal baclofen for intractable axial dystonia Neurology 41 1991 1141 1142
101. J.G. Nutt M.D. Muenter A. Aronson Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota Mov Disord 3 1988 188 194
102. T.G. Nygaard Dopa-responsive dystonia J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 213 226
103. T.G. Nygaard C.D. Marsden S. Fahn Dopa-responsive dystonia: Long term treatment response and prognosis Neurology 41 1991 174 181
104. T.G. Nygaard K.C. Wilhelmsen N.J. Risch Linkage mapping of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) to chromosome 14q Nature Genet 5 1993 386 391
105. H. Oppenheim Über eine eigenartige Krampfkrankenheit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Alters (Dysbasia lordotica progressiva, Dystonia musculorum deformans) Neurol Centrabl 30 1911 1090 1107
106. L. Ozelius P.L. Kramer C.B. Moskowitz Human gene for torsion dystonia on chromosome 9q32-34 Neuron 2 1989 1427 1434
107. M.E. Panizza M. Hallet J. Nilsson Reciprocal inhibition in patients with hand cramps Neurology 39 1989 85 89
108. M.E. Panizza S. Lelli J. Nilsson H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-reflex in different kinds of dystonia Neurology 40 1990 824 828
109. L.C. Pettigrew J. Jankovic Hemidystonia: A report of 22 patients and a review of the literature J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48 1985 650 657
110. W.H. Poewe Clinical aspects of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease Neurology 44 suppl 6 1994 S6 S9
111. W.H. Poewe A.J. Lees G.M. Stern Dystonia in Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacological features Ann Neurol 23 1988 73 78
112. S.L. Pullman P. Greene S. Fahns Approach to the treatment of limb disorders with botulinum toxin Arch Neurol 53 1996 617 624
113. J.A. Reilly M.A. Hallet L.G. Cohen N30 component of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with dystonia Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 84 1992 243 247
114. A. Reiner R. Albin K.D. Anderson Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington's disease Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 1988 5733 5737
115. M.C. Ridding G. Sheean J.C. Rothwell Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53 1995 493 498
116. J. Rivest N. Quinn C.D. Marsden Dystonia in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy Neurology 40 1990 1571 1578
117. F. Rosenbaum J. Jankovic Focal task-specific tremor and dystonia: Categorization of occupational movement disorders Neurology 38 1988 522 527
118. Rothwell J.C. The physiology of dystonia. Tsui J.K.C. Calne D.B. Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 59 75
119. L. Rumbach P. Barth A. Costaz Hemidystonia consequent upon ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion and cerebellar infarction Mov Disord 10 1995 522 525
120. N.B.S. Sarkari R.K. Mahendru S.S. Singh An epidemiological and neuropsychiatric study of writer's cramp J Assoc Physicians India 24 1976 587 591
121. G. Schiavo O. Rossetto F. Tonello Intracellular targets and metalloprotease activity of tetanus and botulism neurotoxins C. Montecucco Clostridial Neurotoxins 1995 Springer Berlin 243 255
122. M. Segawa A. Hosaka F. Miyagawa Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation Adv Neurol 14 1976 215 233
123. M.P. Sheehy C.D. Marsden Writer's cramp—a focal dystonia Brain 105 1982 462 480
124. 2 terminus of the heavy subunit of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin forms channels in lipid vesicle Eur J Biochem 167 1987 175 180
125. M. Stacy J. Jankovic Tardive dyskinesia Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 4 1991 343 349
126. M. Stacy J. Jankovic Tardive tremor Mov Disord 7 1992 53 57
127. M. Stacy F. Cardoso J. Jankovic Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias Neurology 43 1993 937 940
128. M. Stojanovic D. Cvetkovic V. Kostic A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonia J Neurol 242 1995 508 511
129. H. Tanaka K. Endo S. Tsuji The gene for hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuations maps to chromosome 14q Ann Neurol 37 1995 405 408
130. L.W. Tempel J.S. Perlmutter Abnormal vibration-induced cerebral blood flow responses in idiopathic dystonia Brain 113 1990 691 707
131. E. Tolosa L. Montserrat A. Bayes Blink reflex studies in focal dystonias: Enhanced excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia and spasmodic torticollis Mov Disord 3 1988 61 69
132. J.K.C. Tsui Cervical dystonia J.K.C. Tsui D.B. Calne Handbook of Dystonia 1995 Marcel Dekker New York 115 127
133. W. Van der Kamp J.C. Rothwell P.D. Thompson The movement related cortical potential is abnormal in patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia Mov Disord 5 1995 630 633
134. H.M. Waddy N.A. Fletcher A.E. Harding A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonias Ann Neurol 29 1991 320 324
135. J.M. Walshe M. Yealland Wilson's disease: The problem of delayed diagnosis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55 1992 692 696
136. J. Wissel C. Kabus R. Wenzel Botulinum toxin in writer's cramp: Objective response evaluation in 31 patients J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 61 1996 172 175
137. M.G. Woerner J.M. Kane J.A. Lieberman The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia J Clin Psychopharmacol 11 1991 34 42
138. W. Zeman P. Dyken Dystonia musculorum deformans: Clinical, genetic and pathoanatomic studies Psychiatr Neurol Neurochirur 10 1967 77 121
139. N. Zilber A. Korczyn E. Kahana Inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews J Med Genet 21 1984 13 20