Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Australia

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 692-697

  Crofts, Nick ^a   Jolley, Damien ^a   Kaldor, John ^b   Van Beek, Ingrid ^c   Wodak, Alex ^d  

^a MACFARLANE BURNET INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^c Kirketon Road Centre ^*  (Australia)

^d ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; FEMALE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0031441425     PISSN: 0143005X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jech.51.6.692     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Choo Q-L, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood- borne non-A,non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-62.
2. Kuo G, Choo Q-L, Alter JH, et al. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 1989;244:362-4.
3. Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawcyznski K, et al. The natural history of community acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1899-905.
4. Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Pindyck J, et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. A preliminary study in blood donors. JAMA 1990;263:49-53.
5. Abilgaard N, Peterslund N. Hepatitis C virus transmitted by tattooing needle. (Letter). Lancet 1991;338:460.
6. Mele A, Ferrigno L, Stazi MA, Marzolini A, Gill ON, Pasquini P. Sistema Epidemiologico Integrato dell'Epatite Virale Acuta. Rapporto annuale 1989 e risultati 1985-1989. Istisan 90/24, 1990.
7. Donahue JG, Munoz A, Ness PM, Brown DE, Yawn DH, McAllister HA. The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1992;327:369-73.
8. Weiner AJ, Kuo G, Bradley DW, et al. Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in non- A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet 1990;341:722-4.
9. Tsukuma H, Hiyama T, Tanaka S, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellularcarcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1797-801.
10. van der Poel CL, Cuypers HT, Reesink HW. Hepatitis C virus six years on. Lancet 1994;344:1475-9.
11. National Health and Medical Research Council. Report of the Task Force on Hepatitis C. The treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, 1994.
12. Zuckerman AJ, Zuckerman JN. Prospects for hepatitis C vaccine. J Hepatol 1995;22 (suppl 1):97-100.
13. Loxley W. Risk taking in young people: injecting drug use as a special case? In: White J, ed. Drug problems in our society: dimensions in perspectives. Parkside SA: Drug and Alcohol Services Council, 1992.
14. Crofts N, Hopper JL, Milner R, Bowden DS, Breschkin AM, Locarnini SA. Hepatitis C virus infection among a cohort of Victorian injecting drug users. Med J Aust 1993;159:237-41.
15. van Beek I, Buckley R, Stewart M, MacDonald M, Kaldor J. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Sydney. Genitourin Med 1994.
16. Becker N. Analysis of infectious disease data. London: Chapman Hall, 1987.
17. Clayton D, Hills M. Statistical models in epidemiology: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993:81.
18. Moaven LD, Crofts N, Locarnini SA. Hepatitis C virus in Victorian injecting drug users in 1971. (Letter). Med J Aust 1993;158:574.
19. Bell J, Batey RG, Farrell GC, et al. Hepatitis C virus in intravenous drug users. Med J Aust 1990;153:271-3.
20. Crofts N, Louie R, Rosenthal D, Jolley D. The first hit: circumstances surrounding initiation into injecting. Addiction (in press).
21. Loxley W, Carruthers S, Bevan J. In the same vein: first report of the Australian Study of HIV and Injecting Drug Use (ASHIDU). Perth: National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, 1995.
22. Uyttendaele S, Claeys H, Mertens W, et al. Evaluation of third-generation screening and confirmatory assays for HCV antibodies. Vox Sang 1994;66:122-9.
23. Gaughwin M, Dodding J, Ali R. Hepatitis C and the history of injecting drug use in South Australia. (Letter). Med J Aust 1994;161:286-7.
24. Crofts N, Stewart T, Hearne P, Ping XY, Breschkin AM, Locarnini SA. Spread of blood- borne viruses among Australian prison entrants. BMJ 1995;310:285-8.
25. van Beek I, Dwyer R, Kaldor JM. Hepatitis C prevalence, incidence and risk factors among injecting drug users in Sydney. Australasian Society for HIV Medicine National Conference, Manly, November 1994.
26. Waddell R. Hepatitis C and the history of injecting drug use. (Letter). Med J Aust 1994;161:286.
27. van Ameijden EJC, van den Hoek JAR, Mientjes GHC, Coutinho RA. A longitudinal study on the incidence and transmission patterns of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among drug users in Amsterdam. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9:255-62.
28. Crofts N, Ballard J, Chetwynd J, et al. Involving the communities: AIDS in Australia and New Zealand. AIDS 1994;8 (suppl 2):S45-53.
29. Feachem RGA. Valuing the past ... Investing in the future. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1995:92.
30. Heptonstall J, Mortimer PP. New virus, old story. Lancet 1995;345:599-600.
31. Wodak A, Crofts N. Once more unto the breach: controlling the epidemic of hepatitis C among injecting drug users. Addiction (in press).
32. Fairley CK, Leslie DE, Nicholson S, Gust ID. Epidemiology and hepatitis C virus in Victoria. Med J Aust 1990;153:271-3.