Structural changes in the heart and carotid arteries in hypertensive patients associated with cardiovascular risk factors

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 283-289

  Marchesi, Eugenia ^a   Baiardini, Renata ^a   Centeleghe, Paolo ^a   Covini, Donatella ^a   Frattoni, Arturo ^a   Muggia, Chiara ^a   Ravetta, Valentina ^a   Resasco, Tullia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

atherosclerosis; cardiovascular risk factors; carotid wall intima media thickness; hypertension; left ventricular mass

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTERY INTIMA; ARTERY MEDIA; ARTERY WALL; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAROTID ARTERY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING, AMBULATORY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAROTID ARTERY, COMMON; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0031440256     PISSN: 17418267     EISSN: 17418275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/174182679700400409     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP: Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study N Engl J Med 1990, 322: 1561–1566.
2. Casale PN, Devereux RB, Hilner M: Value of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular mass in predicting cardiovascular morbid events in hypertensive men Ann Intern Med 1986, 105: 173–178.
3. Koren MJ, Devereux RB, Casale PN, Savage DP, Laragh JH: Relation of left ventricular mass and geometry to morbidity and mortality in men and women with essential hypertension Ann Intern Med 1991, 114: 345–352.
4. Mensah GA, Pappas TW, Koren MJ, Ulin RJ, Laragh JH, Devereux RB: Comparison of the classification of severity of hypertension by blood pressure level and World Health Organization criteria in the prediction of concurrent cardiac abnormalities and subsequent complications in essential hypertension J Hypertens 1993, 11: 1429–1440.
5. Kannel WB: Prevalence and natural history of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy Ann Intern Med 1983, 75 (suppl 3A):4–11.
6. Bikkina M, Levy D, Evans JC: Left ventricular mass and risk of stroke in an elderly cohort: The Framingham Heart Study JAMA 1994, 272: 33–36.
7. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA: Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study Stroke 1992, 23: 1752–1760.
8. Roman MJ, Saba PS, Pini R, Spitzer M, Pickering TG, Rosen S etal: Parallel cardiac and vascular adaptation in hypertension Circulation 1992, 86: 1909–1918.
9. Roman MJ, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, Pini R, Devereux RB: Association of carotid atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25: 83–90.
10. Boutouyrie P, Laurent S, Girerd X, Benetos A, Lacolley P, Abergel E etal: Common carotid artery stiffness and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients Hypertension 1995, 25: 651–659.
11. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of preparative ultracentrifuge Clin Chem 1972, 18: 499–504.
12. Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R: Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging Circulation 1986, 74: 1399–1406.
13. Bonithon-Kopp C, Bucimetiere P, Touboul P-J, Feve J-M, Billaud E, Courbon D etal: Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and carotid wall thickening Circulation 1994, 89: 952–954.
14. Salonen R, Haapanen A, Salonen JT: Measurement of intimal-media thickness of common carotid arteries with high resolution B mode ultrasonography: Inter and intraobserver variability Ultrasound Med Biol 1991, 17: 225–230.
15. Sahn DJ, De Maria A, Kisslo J, Weyman A: Recommendations regarding quantification in M-mode echocardiography: Results of a survey of echocardiography measurements Circulation 1978, 58: 1072–1083.
16. Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M: Recommendations for quantification of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989, 2: 358–367.
17. Devereux RB, Reichek N: Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man: Anatomic validation of the method Circulation 1977, 55: 613–618.
18. Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM: Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: Comparison to necroscopsy findings Am J Cardiol 1986, 57: 450–458.
19. Pickering TG, James GD, Boddie C, Harshfield GA, Blank S, Laragh JH: How common is white coat hypertension? JAMA 1988, 259: 225–228.
20. Pearson J, Formgren J, Israelsson B, Berglund G: Ultrasound-determined intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14: 261–264.
21. Wendelhag I, Wiklund O, Wikstrand J: Arterial wall thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia. Ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery Arterioscler Thromb 1992, 12: 70–77.
22. Poli A, Tremoli E, Colombo A, Sirtori M, Pignoli P, Paoletti R: Ultrasonographic measurements of the common carotid artery wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic patients: A new model for the quantification and follow up of preclinical atherosclerosis in living human subjects Atherosclerosis 1988, 70: 253–261.
23. Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, Chambless LE, Szoklo M, Alzola C: Carotid atherosclerosis measured by M-mode ultrasound in population: Association with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study Am J Epidemiol 1991, 134: 250–256.
24. Gariepy J, Massoneau M, Levenson J, Heudes D, Simon A: Evidence for in vivo carotid and femoral wall thickening in human hypertension Hypertension 1993, 22: 111–118.
25. Hughes AD, Sinclair AM, Geroulakos G, Mayet J, Mackay J: Structural changes in the heart and carotid arteries associated with hypertension in humans J Hum Hypertens 1993, 7: 395–397.
26. Bots ML, Hofman A, De Bruyn AM, De Jong PT: Isolated systolic hypertension and vessel wall thickness of the carotid artery. The Rotterdam Elderly Study Arterioscler Thromb 1993, 13: 64–69.
27. Ferrara LA, Mancini M, Celentano A, Galderisi M, Iannuzzi R: Early changes of the arterial carotid wall in uncomplicated primary hypertensive patients: Study by ultrasound high resolution B-mode imaging Atheroscler Thromb 1994, 14: 1290–1296.
28. Girerd X, Mourad JJ, Copie X, Moulin C, Acar C: Noninvasive detection of an increased vascular mass in untreated hypertension patients Am J Hypertens 1994, 7: 1076–1084.
29. Gariepy J, Simon A, Massonneau M, Linhart A, Segond P, Levenson J: Echocardiographic assessment of carotid and femoral arterial structure in men with essential hypertension Am J Hypertens 1996, 9: 126–136.
30. Roman MJ, Pickering TJ, Pini R, Schwartz JE, Devereux RB: Prevalence and determinants of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy in hypertension Hypertension 1995, 26: 369–373.
31. Päivänsalo M, Rantala A, Kauma H, Lilja M, Reunanen A, Savolainen M: Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged hypertensive and control subjects. A cross-sectional systematic study with duplex ultrasound J Hypertens 1996, 14: 1433–1439.
32. Arnett DK, Tyroler HA, Burke G, Hutchinson R, Howard G, Heiss G: Hypertension and subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in blacks and whites Arch Intern Med 1996, 156: 1983–1989.
33. Crouse Jr., Toole JF, McKinney WM, Dignan MB, Howard G, Kahl FR etal: Risk factors for extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis Stroke 1987, 18: 990–996.
34. Salonen JT, Salonen R: Association of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking and hypertension with different manifestation of atherosclerosis Int J Epidemiol 1990, 19: 911–917.
35. Salonen R, Salonen JT: Determinants of carotid intima-media thickness: A population-based ultrasonography study in eastern Finnish men J Intern Med 1991, 229: 225–231.
36. Salonen R, Salonen JT: Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: A population-based ultrasonography study Atherosclerosis 1990, 81: 33–40.
37. Salonen JT, Salonen R: Association of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking and hypertension with different manifestation of atherosclerosis Int J Epidemiol 1990, 19: 911–917.
38. Suurkula M, Agewall S, Fagerberg B, Wendelhag I, Wikstrand J: Multiple risk intervention in high risk hypertensive patients. A 3-year ultrasound study of intima-media thickness and plaques in the carotid artery Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1996, 16: 462–470.
39. Muiesan ML, Pasini GF, Salvetti M, Calebich S, Zulli R, Castellano M etal: Cardiac and vascular structural changes. Prevalence and relation to ambulatory blood pressure in a middle-aged general population in northern Italy: The Vobarno Study Hypertension 1996, 27: 1046–1052.
40. Lang RM, Borow KM, Weinert L, Bednarz J, Neuman A, Nelson K: Circadian blood pressure patterns in hypertensive patients: Importance of nocturnal blood pressure Circulation 1988, 78 (suppl 2):II517.
41. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M, Gatteschi C, Benemio G, Boldrini F: Circadian blood pressure changes and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension Circulation 1990, 81: 528–536.
42. Rizzoni D, Muiesan ML, Montani G, Zulu R, Agabiti Rosei E: Relationship between initial cardiovascular structural changes in daytime and nighttime blood pressure monitoring Am J Hypertens 1992, 5: 180–186.
43. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistelli M: Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension Hypertension 1994, 24: 793–801.
44. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Sacchi N, Battistelli M etal: Gender, day-night blood pressure changes and left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Dippers and peakers Am J Hypertens 1995, 8: 193–196.
45. Gharavi AG, Lipkowitz MS, Diamond JA, Jhang JS, Phillips R: Deletion/Insertion polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene is independently associated with left ventricular mass and geometric remodeling in systemic hypertension Am J Cardiol 1996, 77: 1315–1319.
46. Cambien F: Genetics and left ventricular hypertrophy Arch Mal Cœur Vaiss 1995, 88: 25–26.
47. Morgan HE, Baker KM: Cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanical, neural and endocrine dependence Circulation 1991, 83: 13–25.
48. Johnston CI: Tissue angiotensin converting enzyme in cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, repair and remodeling Hypertension 1994, 23: 258–268.
49. Lind L, Andersson PE, Andren B, Hanni A, Lithell HO: Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome J Hypertens 1995, 13: 433–438.
50. Lauren S: Arterial wall hypertrophy and stiffness in essential hypertensive patients Hypertension 1995, 26: 355–362.
51. Saba PS, Roman MJ, Pinir R, Spitzer M: Relation of arterial pressure waveform to left ventricular and carotid anatomy in normotensive subjects J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 22: 1873–1870.