Palaeozoic within-plate volcanic rocks in Nova Scotia (Canada) reinterpreted: Isotopic constraints on magmatic source and palaeocontinental reconstructions

Geological Magazine

Volumn 134, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 425-447

  Keppie, J D ^a   Dostal, J ^b   Murphy, J B ^c   Cousens, B L ^d  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^b SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; INTRAPLATE MAGMATISM; MANTLE SOURCE; PALAEOGEOGRAPHY; PALAEOZOIC; VOLCANISM;

CANADA, NOVA SCOTIA;

EID: 0031439316     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S001675689700719X     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. ALLEGRE, C. J. & BEN OTHMAN, D. 1980. Nd-Sr isotopic relationship in granitoid rocks and continental crust development: a chemical approach to orogenesis. Nature 286, 335-42.
2. ASTINI, R. A., BENEDETTO, J. L. & VACARRI, N. E. 1995. The Early Palaeozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane - a geodynamic model. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107, 253-73.
3. BARR, S. M. & HEGNER, E. 1992. Nd isotopic compositions of felsic igneous rocks in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, 650-7.
4. BARR, S. M. & JAMIESON, R. A. 1991. Tectonic setting and regional correlation of Ordovician-Silurian rocks of the Aspy terrane, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, 1769-79.
5. BARR, S. M. & RAESIDE, R. P. 1989. Tectono-stratigraphic terranes in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia: Implications for the configuration of the northern Appalachian orogen. Geology 7, 822-5.
6. BARR, S. M., BEVIER, M. L., WHITE, C. E. & DOIG, R. 1993. Magmatic history of the Caledonia (Avalon) terrane of southern New Brunswick based on U-Pb (zircon) geochronology. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Mineral Resources, Information Circular 93-1, 10-17.
7. BOUCOT, A. J. 1960. Implications of Rhenish Lower Devonian brachiopods from Nova Scotia. 21st International Geological Congress Report 12, 129-37.
8. BOUCOT, A. J. 1975. Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls (Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 1). Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co., 427 pp.
9. BOUCOT, A. J., DEWEY, J. F., DINELEY, D. L., FYSON, W. K., HICKOX, C. F., MCKERROW, W. S. & ZIEGLER, A. M. 1974. Geology of the Arisaig Area. Geological Society of America Special Paper 139, 191 pp.
10. CHANDLER, F. W., LOVERIDGE, D. & CURRIE, K. L. 1987. The age of the Springdale Group, western Newfoundland, and correlative rocks - evidence for a Llandovery overlap sequence in the Canadian Appalachians. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 78, 41-9.
11. CLARKE, D. B., CHATTERJEE, A. K. & GILES, P. S. 1993. Petrochemistry, tectonic history, and Sr-Nd systematics of the Liscomb Complex, Meguma Lithotectonic Zone, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, 449-64.
12. CLARKE, D. B. & HALLIDAY, A. N. 1985. Sm/Nd isotopic investigation of the age and origin of the Meguma Zone metasedimentary rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, 102-7.
13. CLARKE, D. B., HALLIDAY, A. N. & HAMILTON, P. J. 1988. Neodymium and Strontium isotopic constraints on the origin of the peraluminous granitoids of the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada. Chemical Geology 73, 15-24.
14. COUSENS, B. L., ALLAN, J. F., LEYBOURNE, M. I., CHASE, R. L. & VAN WAGONNER, N. 1995. Mixing of magmas from enriched and depleted mantle sources in the northeast Pacific: West Valley segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Contribributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, 337-57.
15. DALY, J. S. & MCLELLAND, J. M. 1991. Juvenile Middle Proterozoic crust in the Adirondack Highlands, Grenville Province, northeastern North America. Geology 19, 119-22.
16. DALZIEL, I. W. D. 1991. Pacific margins of Laurentia and East Antarctica-Australia as a conjugate rift pair: evidence and implications for an Eocambrian supercontinent. Geology 19, 598-601.
17. DEPAOLO, D. J. 1988. Neodymium isotope geochemistry: an introduction. New York: Springer-Verlag.
18. DICKIN, A. P. & MCNUTT, R. H. 1989. Nd model age mapping of the southeast margin of the Archean foreland in the Grenville Province of Ontario. Geology 17, 299-302.
19. DICKIN, A. P., MCNUTT, R. H. & CLIFFORD, P. M. 1990. A neodymium isotope study of plutons near the Grenville Front in Ontario, Canada. Chemical Geology 83, 315-24.
20. DOIG, R., NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B. & CASSEDAY, R. P. 1990. Evidence for Silurian sinistral accretion of the Avalen composite terrane in Canada. Journal of Geological Society of London 147, 927-30.
21. DOSTAL, J., BARAGAR, W. R. A. & DUPUY, C. 1986. Petrogenesis of the Natkusiak continental basalts, Victoria Island, N.W.T. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, 622-32.
22. DOSTAL, J., DUPUY, C. & CABY, R. 1994. Geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Tilemsi belt of Iforas (Mali, Sahara): a crustal section of an oceanic island arc. Precambrian Research 65, 55-69.
23. DOSTAL, J. & DUPUY, C. 1984. Geochemistry of the North Mountain basalts, Nova Scotia, Canada. Chemical Geology 45, 245-61.
24. DOSTAL, J., KEPPIE, J. D., DUPUY, C. 1983. Petrology and geochemistry of Devono-Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 19, 59-71.
25. DOSTAL, J., KEPPIE, J. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1990. Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic basaltic rocks from southeastern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, 619-31.
26. DOSTAL, J., KEPPIE, J. D., COUSENS, B. L. & MURPHY, J. B. 1995. 550-580 Ma magmatism in Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada): the product of NW-dipping subduction during the final stage of amalgamation of Gondwana. Precambrian Research 76, 93-113.
27. DUNNING, G. R., BARR, S. M., RAESIDE, R. P. & JAMIESON, R. A. 1990. U-Pb zircon, titanate, and monazite ages in the Bras d'Or and Aspy terranes of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia: implications for magmatic and metamorphic history. Geological Society of America Bulletin 102, 322-30.
28. EBERZ, G. W., CLARKE, D. B., CHATTERJEE, A. K. & GILES, P. S. 1991. Chemical and isotopic composition of the lower crust beneath the Meguma lithotectonic zone, Nova Scotia,: evidence from granulite facies xenoliths. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 109, 69-88.
29. ELLAM, R. M., CARLSON, R. W. & SHIREY, S. B. 1992. Evidence from Re-Os isotopes for plume-lithosphere mixing in Karoo flood basalt genesis. Nature 359, 718-21.
30. ELLAM, R. M. & COX, K. G. 1991. An interpretation of Karoo picrite basalts in terms of interaction between asthenospheric magmas and the mantle lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 105, 330-42.
31. FITTON, J. G., JAMES, D., KEMPTON, P. D., ORMEROD, D. S. & LEEMAN, W. P. 1988. The role of lithospheric mantle in the generation of late Cenozoic basic magmas in the western United States. Journal of Petrology Special Lithosphere Issue, 331-49.
32. FRYER, B. J., KERR, A., JENNER, G. A. & LONGSTAFFE, F. J. 1992. Probing the crust with plutons: regional isotopic geochemistry of granitoid intrusions across insular Newfoundland. Current Research. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Report 92-1, 119-39.
33. GREENOUGH, J. D. & PAPEZIK, V. S. 1985. Petrology and geochemistry of Cambrian volcanic rocks from the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, 1594-1601.
34. GREENOUGH, J. D., MCCUTCHEON, S. R. & PAPEZIK, V. S. 1985. Petrology and geochemistry of Cambrian volcanic rocks from the Avalon Zone in New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, 881-92.
35. HALLIDAY, A. N., DICKIN, A. P., FALLICK, A. E. & FITTON, J. G. 1988. Mantle dynamics: a Nd, Sr, Pb and O isotopic study of the Cameroon Line volcanic chain. Journal of Petrology 29, 181-211.
36. HART, S. R. & DAVIS, K. E. 1978. Nickel partitioning between olivine and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40, 203-19.
37. HELMSTAEDT, H. & TELLA, S. 1973. Pre-Carboniferous structural history of S.E. Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments 9, 88-99.
38. HOOPER, P. R. & HAWKESWORTH, C. J. 1993. Isotopic and geochemical constraints on the origin and evolution of the Columbia River basalt. Journal of Petrology 34, 1203-46.
39. HUTCHINSON, R. D. 1952. The stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cambrian sedimentary rocks of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 262.
40. KEEN, C. E., KAY, W. A., KEPPIE, J. D., MARILLIER, F., PE-PIPER, G. & WALDRON, J. W. F., 1991. Deep seismic reflection data from the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine: tectonic implications for the northern Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, 1096-1111.
41. KEMPTON, P. D., DUNGAN, M. A. & BLANCHARD, D. P. 1987. Petrology and geochemistry of xenolith-bearing alkalic basalts from the Geronimo Volcanic Field, southeast Arizona; evidence for polybaric fractionation and implications for mantle heterogeneity. In Mantle metasomatism and alkaline magmatism. (eds E. M. Morris and J. D. Pasteris), pp. 347-70. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 215.
42. KEPPIE, J. D. 1982. Tectonic Map of Nova Scotia. Scale 1:500,000. Nova Scotia Department of Mines and Energy.
43. KEPPIE, J. D. 1985. The Appalachian collage. In The Caledonide Orogen - Scandinavia and related areas (eds D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt), pp. 1217-26. Chichester: Wiley.
44. KEPPIE, J. D. 1989. Northern Appalachian terranes and their accretionary history. In Terranes in the CircumAtlantic Paleozoic Orogens (ed. R. D. Dallmeyer), pp. 159-92. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 230.
45. KEPPIE, J. D. 1993. Synthesis of Palaeozoic deformational events and terrane accretion in the Canadian Appalachians. Geologische Rundschau 82, 381-431.
46. KEPPIE, J. D. & DALLMEYER, R. D. 1987. Dating transcurrent terrane accretion: an example from the Meguma and Avalon Composite terranes in the northern Appalachians. Tectonics 6, 831-47.
47. KEPPIE, J. D. & DALLMEYER, R. D. 1989. Tectonic map of Precambrian and Palaeozoic terranes in Circum-Atlantic Phanerozoic Orogens. Scale 1:5000000. International Geological Correlation Programme Project #233, RR#3, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
48. 39Ar isotopic data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, 644-59.
49. 39Ar mineral ages from the Cape North area, northern Cape Breton Island: Implication for docking of the Avalon Composite Terrane. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, 277-95.
50. KEPPIE, J. D. & DOSTAL, J. 1980. Palaeozoic volcanic rocks of Nova Scotia. International Geological Correlation Programme Project 27: Caledonide Orogen. Proceedings of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Memoir 2, 249-56.
51. KEPPIE, J. D. & DOSTAL, J. 1991. Late Proterozoic tectonic model for the Avalon Terrane in Maritime Canada. Tectonics 10, 842-50.
52. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., MURPHY, J. B. & NANCE, R. D. 1996. Terrane transfer between Eastern Laurentia and Western Gondwana in the Early Palaeozoic: constraints on global reconstructions. In Avalonian and Related periGondwanan terranes of the circum-North Atlantic (eds R. D. Nance and M. D. Thompson), pp. 369-80. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 304.
53. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & ZENTILLI, M. 1979. Early Silurian volcanic rocks at Arisaig, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16, 1635-9.
54. KEPPIE, J. D. & KROGH, T. E. 1990. Detrital zircon ages from Late Precambrian conglomerate, Avalon Composite Terrane, Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 22, 27-8.
55. KEPPIE, J. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1988. Anatomy of a pull-apart basin: an example from the Cambro-Ordovician rocks in the Antigonish Highlands of Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 24, 123-38.
56. KEPPIE, J. D., NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B. & DOSTAL, J. 1991. Northern Appalachians Avalon and Meguma terranes. In The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives (eds R. D. Dallmeyer and J. P. Lecorche), pp. 315-33. Heidelberg: Springer.
57. KERR, A., JENNER, G. A. & FRYER, B. J. 1995. Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry of Precambrian to Palaeozoic granitoid suites and the deep-crustal structure of the southeast margin of the Newfoundland Appalchians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, 224-45.
58. 39Ar geochronological study of metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Liscomb Complex, southern Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Department of Mines and Energy Report 90-1, 33-40.
59. KROGH, T. E. & KEPPIE, J. D. 1990. Age of detrital zircon and titanite in the Meguma Group, southern Nova Scotia, Canada: clues for the origin of the Meguma Terrane. Tectonophysics 177, 307-23.
60. LANDING, E. 1991. A unified uppermost Precambrian through Lower Cambrian lithostratigraphy for Avalonian North America. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 23, 56.
61. LANDING, E. & MURPHY, J. B. 1991. Uppermost Precambrian(?)-Lower Cambrian of Mainland Nova Scotia: Faunas, depositional environments and stratigraphic revision. Journal of Palaeontology 65, 382-96.
62. LANE, T. E. 1976. Stratigraphy of the White Rock Formation. Maritime Sediments 12, 87-106.
63. LESQUER, A., BOURMATTE, A. & DAUTRIA, J. M. 1988. Deep structure of the Hoggar domal uplift (Central Sahara, south Algeria) from gravity, thermal and petrological data. Tectonophysics 152, 71-87.
64. LIN, S. 1993. Relationship between the Aspy and Bras d'Or "terranes" in the northeastern Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, 1773-81.
65. LYNCH, J. V. G. 1992. Extensional collapse of the Appalachian Orogen: evidence from the Cape Breton Highlands. Geological Association of Canada Abstracts 17, A69.
66. LYNCH, G., TREMBLAY, C. & ROSE, H. 1993. Compressional deformation and extensional denudation of Early Silurian volcanic overlap assemblages in western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 93-1D, 103-10.
67. MAALOE, S. & AOKI, K. 1977. The major element composition of the upper mantle estimated from the composition of Iherzolites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 63, 161-73.
68. MARCANTONIO, F., DICKIN, A. P., MCNUTT, R. H. & HEAMAN, L. M. 1990. Isotopic evidence for the crustal evolution of the Frontenac Arch in the Grenville Province of Ontario, Canada. Chemical Geology 83, 297-314.
69. MCKERROW, W. S., SCOTESE, C. R. & BRASIER, M. D. 1992. Early Cambrian continental reconstructions. Journal of the Geological Society, London 149, 599-606.
70. MENZIES, M. A., KEMPTON, P. & DUNGAN, M. 1985. Interaction of continental lithosphere and asthenospheric melts below the Geronimo volcanic field, Arizona, USA. Journal of Petrology 26, 663-93.
71. MENZIES, M. A., LEEMAN, W. P. & HAWKESWORTH, C. J. 1983. Isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks reveals mantle heterogeneity below western USA. Nature 303, 205-9.
72. MURPHY, J. B., CAMERON, K., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & HYNES, A. J. 1985. Cambrian volcanism in Nova Scotia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, 599-606.
73. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & HYNES, A. J. 1990. The geochemistry and petrology of the Late Precambrian Georgeville Group: a volcanic arc-rift succession in the Avalon terrane of Nova Scotia. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 51, 383-93.
74. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & COUSENS, B. L. 1995. Repeated lower crustal melting beneath the Antigonish highlands, Avalon Composite Terrane, Nova Scotia: Nd isotopic evidence and tectonic implications. Geological Society of America Special Paper 304, 109-20.
75. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., WALDRON, J. W. F. & CUDE, M. P. 1996. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Early Silurian clastic sequences in Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada: constraints on the accretion of Avalonia in the Appalachian-Caledonide Orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, 379-88.
76. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D. & HYNES, A. J. 1991. Geology of the Antigonish Highlands. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 89-10, 114 pp.
77. NANCE, R. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1994. Contrasting basement signatures and the palinspastic restoration of peripheral orogens: example from the Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian Belt. Geology 22, 617-20.
78. O'NEILL, P. P. 1991. Geology of the Weir's Pond area. Newfoundland (NTS 2E/1). Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch Report no. 91-3, 144 pp.
79. PEARCE, J. A. & CANN, J. R. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19, 290-300.
80. PIMENTEL, M. M. & FUCK, R. A. 1992. Neoproterozoic crustal accretion in central Brazil. Geology 20, 375-9.
81. RAMOS, V. A., JORDAN, T. E., ALLMENDINGER, R. W., MPODOZIS, C., KAY, S. M., CORTES, J. M. & PALMA, M. 1986. Palaeozoic terranes of the central Argentine-Chilean Andes. Tectonics 5, 855-80.
82. SCHENK, P. E. 1970. Regional variation of the flysch-like Meguma Group (Lower Palaeozoic) of Nova Scotia, compared to recent sedimentation off the Scotian shelf. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 7, 127-53.
83. SCHENK, P. E. 1981. The Meguma zone of Nova Scotia: a remnant of western Europe, South America or Africa? Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 7, 119-48.
84. STOCKMAL, G. S., COLMAN-SADD, S. P., KEEN, C. E., O'BREN, S. J. & QUINLAN, G. M. 1987. Collision along an irregular margin: a regional plate tectonic interpretation of the Canadian Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, 1098-1107.
85. SUN, S. S. 1982. Chemical composition and origin of the Earth's primitive mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46, 179-92.
86. SUN, S. S. & MCDONOUGH, W. F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle compositions and processes. In Magmatism in the ocean basins (eds A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry), pp. 313-45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 42.
87. TEIXEIRA, W., TASSINARI, C. C. G., CORDANI, U. G. & KAWASHITA, K. 1989. A review of the geochronology of the Amazonian craton: tectonic implications. Precambrian Research 42, 213-27.
88. THEOKRITOFF, G. 1979. Early Cambrian provincialism and biogeographic boundaries in the North Atlantic region. Lethaia 12, 281-95.
89. VAN DER VOO, R. 1988. Palaeozoic palaeogeography of North America, Gondwana, and intervening displaced terranes: comparisons of palaeomagnetism with palaeoclimatology and biogeographical patterns. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, 311-24.
90. WEEKS, F. J. 1954. Southeast Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 277.
91. WHALEN, J. B., JENNER, G. A., CURRIE, K. L., BARR, S. M., LONGSTAFFE, F. J. & HEGNER, E. 1994a. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of granitoids in the Avalon Zone, southern New Brunswick: possible evidence for repeated delamination events. Journal of Geology 102, 269-82.
92. WHALEN, J. B., JENNER, G. A., HEGNER, E., GARIEPY, C. & LONGSTAFFE, F. J. 1994b. Geochemical and isotopic (Nd, O, Pb) constraints on granite sources in the Humber and Dunnage zones, Gaspesie, Quebec, and New Brunswick: implications for tectonics and crustal structure. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, 323-40.
93. WHITE, C. E., BARR, S. M., BEVIER, M. L. & KAMO, S. 1994. A revised interpretation of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Bourinot belt of central Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Atlantic Geology 30, 123-42.
94. WINCHESTER, J. A. & FLOYD, P. A. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325-43.