메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 297, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 551-619

A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians. Part 1. Orogenesis from the Mesoproterozoic through the Taconic orogeny

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OROGENESIS; PROTEROZOIC; TACONIC OROGENY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

EID: 0031437696     PISSN: 00029599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.297.6.551     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (256)
  • 1
    • 84879879728 scopus 로고
    • Discordant Doe Run thrust: Implications for stratigraphy and structure in the Glenarm Supergroup, southeast Pennsylvania Piedmont
    • Alcock, J., 1994, Discordant Doe Run thrust: implications for stratigraphy and structure in the Glenarm Supergroup, southeast Pennsylvania Piedmont: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 932-941.
    • (1994) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 932-941
    • Alcock, J.1
  • 2
    • 0029518640 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphic discontinuities in the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont: Evidence for early Paleozoic assembly
    • Alcock, J., and Wagner, M. E., 1995, Metamorphic discontinuities in the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont: evidence for early Paleozoic assembly: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 32, p. 686-698.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.32 , pp. 686-698
    • Alcock, J.1    Wagner, M.E.2
  • 3
    • 0030441605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Proterozoic age for the Montpelier Anorthosite, Goochland terrane, eastern Piedmont, Virginia
    • Aleinikoff, J. N., Horton, J. W., Jr., and Walter, M., 1996, Middle Proterozoic age for the Montpelier Anorthosite, Goochland terrane, eastern Piedmont, Virginia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 1481-1491.
    • (1996) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 1481-1491
    • Aleinikoff, J.N.1    Horton J.W., Jr.2    Walter, M.3
  • 4
    • 0028793037 scopus 로고
    • U-Pb ages of metarhyolites of the Catoctin and Mount Rogers Formations, central and southern Appalachians: Evidence for two pulses of Iapetan rifting
    • Aleinikoff, J. N., Zartman, R F., Walter, M., Rankin, D. W., Lyttle, P. T., and Burton, W. C., 1995, U-Pb ages of metarhyolites of the Catoctin and Mount Rogers Formations, central and southern Appalachians: evidence for two pulses of Iapetan rifting: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 428-454.
    • (1995) American Journal of Science , vol.295 , pp. 428-454
    • Aleinikoff, J.N.1    Zartman, R.F.2    Walter, M.3    Rankin, D.W.4    Lyttle, P.T.5    Burton, W.C.6
  • 5
    • 84879880391 scopus 로고
    • The Early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane: A geodynamic model
    • Astini, R. A., Benedetto, J. L., and Vaccari, N. E., 1995, The Early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane: a geodynamic model: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 253-273.
    • (1995) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 253-273
    • Astini, R.A.1    Benedetto, J.L.2    Vaccari, N.E.3
  • 6
    • 0041177630 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic characterization and correlation of volcanic flows within the Catoctin Formation, central Appalachians
    • Badger, R., 1992, Stratigraphic characterization and correlation of volcanic flows within the Catoctin Formation, central Appalachians: Southeastern Geology, v. 32, p. 175-195.
    • (1992) Southeastern Geology , vol.32 , pp. 175-195
    • Badger, R.1
  • 7
    • 84879885592 scopus 로고
    • Age and Sr isotope signature of the Catoctin volcanic province: Implications for subcrustal mantle evolution
    • Badger, R. L., and Sinha, A. K., 1988, Age and Sr isotope signature of the Catoctin volcanic province: Implications for subcrustal mantle evolution: Geology, v. 16, p. 692-695.
    • (1988) Geology , vol.16 , pp. 692-695
    • Badger, R.L.1    Sinha, A.K.2
  • 10
    • 84870854353 scopus 로고
    • Description of the Elkton and Wilmington quadrangles, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
    • 22 p.
    • Bascom, F., and Miller, B. L., 1920, Description of the Elkton and Wilmington quadrangles, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Folio, v. 211, 22 p.
    • (1920) U.S. Geological Survey Folio , vol.211
    • Bascom, F.1    Miller, B.L.2
  • 11
    • 0040583476 scopus 로고
    • Description of the Coatesville and West Chester quadrangles
    • 15 p.
    • Bascom, F., and Stose, G. W., 1932, Description of the Coatesville and West Chester quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Folio, v. 223, 15 p.
    • (1932) U.S. Geological Survey Folio , vol.223
    • Bascom, F.1    Stose, G.W.2
  • 12
    • 0010768916 scopus 로고
    • Overview of the evolution of the Appalachian basin
    • Beardsley, R. W., and Cable, M. S., 1983, Overview of the evolution of the Appalachian basin: Northeastern Geology, v. 5, p. 137-145.
    • (1983) Northeastern Geology , vol.5 , pp. 137-145
    • Beardsley, R.W.1    Cable, M.S.2
  • 14
    • 0039990388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrogenesis of the Springfield Grandodiorite, southeast Pennsylvania Piedmont
    • Becker, M. L., 1997, Petrogenesis of the Springfield Grandodiorite, southeast Pennsylvania Piedmont: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 1, p. 30.
    • (1997) Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 30
    • Becker, M.L.1
  • 18
    • 0000966113 scopus 로고
    • Review of late Middle Ordovician graptolites in eastern New York and Pennsylvania
    • Berry, W. B. N., 1970, Review of late Middle Ordovician graptolites in eastern New York and Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 269, p. 304-313.
    • (1970) American Journal of Science , vol.269 , pp. 304-313
    • Berry, W.B.N.1
  • 19
    • 0040583397 scopus 로고
    • Relation of the Wissahickon mica gneiss to the Shenandoah limestone and Octoraro schist of the Doe Run and Avondale region, Chester County, Pennsylvania
    • Bliss, E. B., and Jonas, A. I., 1916, Relation of the Wissahickon mica gneiss to the Shenandoah limestone and Octoraro schist of the Doe Run and Avondale region, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 98, p. 9-34.
    • (1916) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.98 , pp. 9-34
    • Bliss, E.B.1    Jonas, A.I.2
  • 20
    • 0021283272 scopus 로고
    • Breakup of a supercontinent between 625 Ma and 555 Ma: New evidence and implications for continental histories
    • Bond, G. C., Nickeson, P. A., and Kominz, M. A., 1984, Breakup of a supercontinent between 625 Ma and 555 Ma: New evidence and implications for continental histories: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v 70, p. 325-345.
    • (1984) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.70 , pp. 325-345
    • Bond, G.C.1    Nickeson, P.A.2    Kominz, M.A.3
  • 22
    • 0019998970 scopus 로고
    • Subsidence in late Paleozoic basins in the northern Appalachians
    • Bradley, D. C., 1982, Subsidence in late Paleozoic basins in the northern Appalachians: Tectonics, v. 1, p. 107-123.
    • (1982) Tectonics , vol.1 , pp. 107-123
    • Bradley, D.C.1
  • 23
    • 0024905224 scopus 로고
    • Taconic plate kinematics as revealed by foredeep stratigraphy, Appalachian orogen
    • _ 1989, Taconic plate kinematics as revealed by foredeep stratigraphy, Appalachian orogen: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 1037-1049.
    • (1989) Tectonics , vol.8 , pp. 1037-1049
  • 25
    • 84879885023 scopus 로고
    • Timing of peak metamorphism and deformation along the Appalachian margin of Laurentia in Newfoundland: Silurian, not Ordovician
    • Cawood, P. A., Dunning, G. R., Lux, D., and van Goof, J. A. M., 1994, Timing of peak metamorphism and deformation along the Appalachian margin of Laurentia in Newfoundland: Silurian, not Ordovician: Geology, v. 22, p. 399-402.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 399-402
    • Cawood, P.A.1    Dunning, G.R.2    Lux, D.3    Van Goof, J.A.M.4
  • 27
    • 0000971665 scopus 로고
    • Oolite deformation in the South Mountain fold, Maryland
    • Cloos, E., 1947, Oolite deformation in the South Mountain fold, Maryland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 58, p. 843-918.
    • (1947) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.58 , pp. 843-918
    • Cloos, E.1
  • 28
    • 85033117269 scopus 로고
    • Maryland and Virginia: Baltimore, Md., The Johns Hopkins Press, Studies in Geology, no. 20, 234 p.
    • _ 1971, Microtectonics along the western edge of the Blue Ridge, Maryland and Virginia: Baltimore, Md., The Johns Hopkins Press, Studies in Geology, no. 20, 234 p.
    • (1971) Microtectonics Along the Western Edge of the Blue Ridge
  • 29
    • 84879338748 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the "Martic overthrust" and the Glenarm series in Pennsylvania and Maryland
    • 207 p.
    • Cloos, E., and Hietanen, A., 1941, Geology of the "Martic overthrust" and the Glenarm Series in Pennsylvania and Maryland: Geological Society of America Special Paper 35, 207 p.
    • (1941) Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.35
    • Cloos, E.1    Hietanen, A.2
  • 30
    • 0000020505 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of mafic dykes in the Adirondack Mountains: Implications for late Proterozoic continental rifting
    • Coish, R. A., and Sinton, C. W., 1992, Geochemistry of mafic dykes in the Adirondack Mountains: implications for late Proterozoic continental rifting: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 110, p. 500-514.
    • (1992) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.110 , pp. 500-514
    • Coish, R.A.1    Sinton, C.W.2
  • 31
    • 0027040738 scopus 로고
    • Dunnage-Gander relationships and Ordovician orogeny in central Newfoundland: A sediment provenance and U/Pb age study
    • Colman-Sadd, S. P., Dunning, G. R., and Dec, T., 1992, Dunnage-Gander relationships and Ordovician orogeny in central Newfoundland: a sediment provenance and U/Pb age study: American Journal of Science, v. 292, p. 317-355.
    • (1992) American Journal of Science , vol.292 , pp. 317-355
    • Colman-Sadd, S.P.1    Dunning, G.R.2    Dec, T.3
  • 32
    • 0001822378 scopus 로고
    • The Appalachian basin-its depositional sequences and their geologic relationships
    • Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, New York, Interscience Publishers
    • Colton, G. W., 1970, The Appalachian basin-its depositional sequences and their geologic relationships, in Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, Studies of Appalachian Geology: central and southern: New York, Interscience Publishers, p. 5-47.
    • (1970) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern , pp. 5-47
    • Colton, G.W.1
  • 33
    • 85033103422 scopus 로고
    • Geologic overview
    • Crawford, M. L. and Crawford, W. A., editors, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 8th Annual Meeting, guidebook
    • Crawford, M. L. 1991, Geologic overview, in Crawford, M. L. and Crawford, W. A., editors, Evolution and assembly of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 8th Annual Meeting, guidebook, p. 1-2 to 1-19.
    • (1991) Evolution and Assembly of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont , pp. 1-2
    • Crawford, M.L.1
  • 35
    • 0020437177 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from metamorphic rocks for overthrusting, Pennsylvania Piedmont, U.S.A
    • Crawford, M. L., and Mark, L. E., 1982, Evidence from metamorphic rocks for overthrusting, Pennsylvania Piedmont, U.S.A.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 20, p. 333-347.
    • (1982) Canadian Mineralogist , vol.20 , pp. 333-347
    • Crawford, M.L.1    Mark, L.E.2
  • 37
    • 0041177544 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the crystalline rocks near Baltimore and its bearing on the evolution of the eastern Maryland Piedmont
    • 39 p.
    • Crowley, W. P., 1976, The geology of the crystalline rocks near Baltimore and its bearing on the evolution of the eastern Maryland Piedmont: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations No. 27, 39 p.
    • (1976) Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations , Issue.27
    • Crowley, W.P.1
  • 38
    • 84879890363 scopus 로고
    • Early paleozoic orogenic belt of the Andes in southwestern South America: Result of Laurentia-Gondwanaland collision?
    • Dalla Salda, L. H., Cingolani, C. A., and Varela, R., 1992, Early Paleozoic orogenic belt of the Andes in southwestern South America: Result of Laurentia-Gondwanaland collision?: Geology, v. 20, p. 617-620.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 617-620
    • Dalla Salda, L.H.1    Cingolani, C.A.2    Varela, R.3
  • 39
    • 84879884674 scopus 로고
    • Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?
    • Dalla Salda, L. H., Dalziel, I. W. D., Cingolani, C. A., and Varela, R., 1992, Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?: Geology, v. 20, p. 1059-1062.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Dalla Salda, L.H.1    Dalziel, I.W.D.2    Cingolani, C.A.3    Varela, R.4
  • 40
    • 85033100545 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the "Kittatinny Limestone,"
    • Grossman, I. G., editor, N.J.: Easton, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 6th, guidebook
    • Dalton, R., 1989, Stratigraphy of the "Kittatinny Limestone," in Grossman, I. G., editor, Paleozoic geology of the Kittatinny Valley and southwest Highlands area, N.J.: Easton, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 6th, guidebook, p. 55-93.
    • (1989) Paleozoic Geology of the Kittatinny Valley and Southwest Highlands Area , pp. 55-93
    • Dalton, R.1
  • 41
    • 0027044717 scopus 로고
    • On the organization of American plates in the Neoproterozoic and the breakout of Laurentia
    • Dalziel, I. W. D., 1992, On the organization of American plates in the Neoproterozoic and the breakout of Laurentia: GSA Today, v. 2, p. 237, 240-241.
    • (1992) GSA Today , vol.2 , pp. 237
    • Dalziel, I.W.D.1
  • 42
    • 84879882103 scopus 로고
    • Paleozoic Laurentia-Gondwana interaction and the origin of the Appalachian-Andean mountain system
    • Dalziel, I. W. D., Dalla Salda, L. H., and Gahagan, L. M., 1994, Paleozoic Laurentia-Gondwana interaction and the origin of the Appalachian-Andean mountain system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 243-252.
    • (1994) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 243-252
    • Dalziel, I.W.D.1    Dalla Salda, L.H.2    Gahagan, L.M.3
  • 43
    • 84872861914 scopus 로고
    • Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents?: Comment and reply
    • Dalziel, I. W. D., and McMenamin, M. A. S., 1995, Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents?: comment and reply: Geology, v. 23, p. 959-960.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 959-960
    • Dalziel, I.W.D.1    McMenamin, M.A.S.2
  • 45
    • 0028190467 scopus 로고
    • Basin-rebound origin for the "Tusciarora unconformity" in southwestern Virginia and its bearing on the nature of the Taconic orogeny
    • Dorsch, J., Bambach, R. K., and Driese, S. G., 1994, Basin-rebound origin for the "Tusciarora unconformity" in southwestern Virginia and its bearing on the nature of the Taconic orogeny: American Journa of Science, v. 294, p. 237-255.
    • (1994) American Journa of Science , vol.294 , pp. 237-255
    • Dorsch, J.1    Bambach, R.K.2    Driese, S.G.3
  • 46
    • 0028838924 scopus 로고
    • The Taconic foredeep as sediment sink and sediment exporter: Implications for the origin of the White Quartzite Blanket (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) of the central and southern Appalachians
    • Dorsch, J., and Driese, S. G., 1995, The Taconic foredeep as sediment sink and sediment exporter: implications for the origin of the White Quartzite Blanket (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) of the central and southern Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 201-243.
    • (1995) American Journal of Science , vol.295 , pp. 201-243
    • Dorsch, J.1    Driese, S.G.2
  • 47
    • 0040583375 scopus 로고
    • The Lyon Station-Paulins Kill nappe-the frontal structure of the Musconetcong nappe system in eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
    • 20 p.
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., 1978, The Lyon Station-Paulins Kill nappe-the frontal structure of the Musconetcong nappe system in eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 023, 20 p.
    • (1978) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.23
    • Drake A.A., Jr.1
  • 48
    • 84879591861 scopus 로고
    • The Reading Prong of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania: An appraisal of rock relations and chemistry of a major Proterozoic terrane in the Appalachians
    • Bartholomew, M. J., Force, E. R., Sinha, A. K., and Herz, N., editors
    • _ 1984, The Reading Prong of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania: An appraisal of rock relations and chemistry of a major Proterozoic terrane in the Appalachians, in Bartholomew, M. J., Force, E. R., Sinha, A. K., and Herz, N., editors, The Grenville event in the Appalachians and related topics: Geological Society of America Special Paper 194, p. 75-109.
    • (1984) The Grenville Event in the Appalachians and Related Topics: Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.194 , pp. 75-109
  • 50
    • 0000228586 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors
    • _ 1989a, Stratigraphy, in Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors, The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, The geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 103-117.
    • (1989) The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, the Geology of North America , vol.F-2 , pp. 103-117
  • 51
    • 0039398182 scopus 로고
    • Tectonics
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors
    • _ 1989b, Tectonics, in Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors, The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, The geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 151-167.
    • (1989) The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, the Geology of North America , vol.F-2 , pp. 151-167
  • 52
    • 85033124487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virgilina, Potomac, and Taconic events in the Virginia-Maryland piedmont
    • in press, Valentino, D.W., and Gates, A.E., editors, Geological Society of America Special Paper
    • _ in press, Virgilina, Potomac, and Taconic events in the Virginia-Maryland Piedmont, in Valentino, D.W., and Gates, A.E., editors, Tectonic evolution of the central Appalachian Piedmont: Geological Society of America Special Paper.
    • Tectonic Evolution of the Central Appalachian Piedmont
  • 54
    • 0019681703 scopus 로고
    • The Accotink schist, Lake Bancroft metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation-keys to understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont
    • 16 p.
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., and Lyttle, P. T., 1981, The Accotink schist, Lake Bancroft metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation-keys to understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1205, 16 p.
    • (1981) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.1205
    • Drake A.A., Jr.1    Lyttle, P.T.2
  • 55
    • 0019681390 scopus 로고
    • The Piney Branch complex-a metamorphosed fragment of the central Appalachian ophiolite in northern Virginia
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., and Morgan, B. A., 1981, The Piney Branch complex-a metamorphosed fragment of the central Appalachian ophiolite in northern Virginia: American Journal of Science, v. 281, p. 484-508.
    • (1981) American Journal of Science , vol.281 , pp. 484-508
    • Drake A.A., Jr.1    Morgan, B.A.2
  • 58
    • 0027806397 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic setting of the Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous rocks in the Magdalen basin
    • Durling, P., and Marillier, F., 1993, Tectonic setting of the Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous rocks in the Magdalen basin: Atlantic Geology, v. 29, p. 199-217.
    • (1993) Atlantic Geology , vol.29 , pp. 199-217
    • Durling, P.1    Marillier, F.2
  • 59
    • 0028794369 scopus 로고
    • Gas reservoir potential of the Lower Ordovician Beekmantown Group, Quebec lowlands, Canada
    • Dykstra, J. C. F., and Longman, M. W., 1995, Gas reservoir potential of the Lower Ordovician Beekmantown Group, Quebec lowlands, Canada: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, p. 513-530.
    • (1995) American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , vol.79 , pp. 513-530
    • Dykstra, J.C.F.1    Longman, M.W.2
  • 60
    • 85033117552 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy-Mauch Chunk Formation and depositional history and environments-the Mississippian Mauch Chunk delta in the central Appalachians
    • Eggleston, J. R. and others, Geological Society of America, Field Trip No. 11, Guidebook
    • Edmunds, W. E., 1993, Stratigraphy-Mauch Chunk Formation and depositional history and environments-the Mississippian Mauch Chunk delta in the central Appalachians, in Eggleston, J. R. and others, Carboniferous geology of the Anthracite Fields of eastern Pennsylvania and New England: Geological Society of America, Field Trip No. 11, Guidebook, p. 3-10 and 21-27.
    • (1993) Carboniferous Geology of the Anthracite Fields of Eastern Pennsylvania and New England , pp. 3-10
    • Edmunds, W.E.1
  • 62
    • 0040582102 scopus 로고
    • Geologic map of the Woodsboro Quadrangle, Carroll and Frederick Counties, Maryland
    • _ 1988, Geologic map of the Woodsboro Quadrangle, Carroll and Frederick Counties, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey, Woodsboro Quadrangle. Geologic Map.
    • (1988) Maryland Geological Survey, Woodsboro Quadrangle. Geologic Map
  • 63
    • 0042091041 scopus 로고
    • Structure and stratigraphy above, below, and within the Taconic unconformity, southeastern New York
    • Waines, R. H., editor, Trip C: New Paltz, New York, New York State Geological Association
    • Epstein, J. B., and Lyttle, P. T., 1987, Structure and stratigraphy above, below, and within the Taconic unconformity, southeastern New York, in Waines, R. H., editor, Field Trip Guidebook, Trip C: New Paltz, New York, New York State Geological Association, v. 59, p. C1-C78.
    • (1987) Field Trip Guidebook , vol.59
    • Epstein, J.B.1    Lyttle, P.T.2
  • 64
    • 0027878842 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the New Tripoli Quadrangle, Lehigh, Berks. Schuylkill, and Carbon Counties, Pennsylvania
    • 19 p.
    • _ 1993, Geology of the New Tripoli Quadrangle, Lehigh, Berks. Schuylkill, and Carbon Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1994, 19 p.
    • (1993) U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1994
  • 65
    • 0001053332 scopus 로고
    • Flexural interpretation of relationships between Ordovician tectonism and stratigraphic sequences, central and southern Appalachians, U.S.A
    • Barnes, C. R., and Williams, S. H., editors
    • Ettensohn, F. R., 1991, Flexural interpretation of relationships between Ordovician tectonism and stratigraphic sequences, central and southern Appalachians, U.S.A., in Barnes, C. R., and Williams, S. H., editors, Advances in Ordovician geology: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 90-9, p. 213-224.
    • (1991) Advances in Ordovician Geology: Geological Survey of Canada Paper , vol.90 , Issue.9 , pp. 213-224
    • Ettensohn, F.R.1
  • 66
    • 84879569179 scopus 로고
    • The Acadian orogeny and the Catskill delta
    • Woodrow, D. L. and Sevon, W. D., editors
    • Faill, R. T., 1985, The Acadian orogeny and the Catskill delta, in Woodrow, D. L. and Sevon, W. D., editors, The Catskill delta: Geological Society of America Special Paper 201, p. 15-37.
    • (1985) The Catskill Delta: Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.201 , pp. 15-37
    • Faill, R.T.1
  • 67
    • 0031419373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 2. The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous
    • p. ???-???
    • _ 1997a, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, Part 2. The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. ???-???.
    • (1997) American Journal of Science , vol.297
  • 68
    • 85033114929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 3. The Alleghany orogeny
    • p. ???-???
    • _ 1997b, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, Part 3. The Alleghany orogeny: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. ???-???.
    • (1997) American Journal of Science , vol.297
  • 69
    • 0039988990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 4. The Atlantic Wilson cycle and epilogue
    • p. ???-???
    • _ 1997c, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, Part 4. The Atlantic Wilson cycle and epilogue: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. ???-???.
    • (1997) American Journal of Science , vol.297
  • 70
    • 85033100740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic map of pennsylvania
    • in press, 4th series, Map 65
    • _ in press, Tectonic Map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Map 65.
    • Pennsylvania Geological Survey
  • 72
    • 0040582092 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of the Blandburg, Tipton, Altoona, and Bellwood Quadrangles, Blair, Cambria, Clearfield, and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, Atlas, 209 p.
    • Faill, R. T., Glover, A. D., and Way, J. H., 1989, Geology and mineral resources of the Blandburg, Tipton, Altoona, and Bellwood Quadrangles, Blair, Cambria, Clearfield, and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Atlas, v. 86, 209 p.
    • (1989) Pennsylvania Geological Survey , vol.86
    • Faill, R.T.1    Glover, A.D.2    Way, J.H.3
  • 75
    • 84913402762 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of the Iron Springs area, Adams and Franklin Counties, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, Atlas 72 p.
    • Fauth, J. L., 1978, Geology and mineral resources of the Iron Springs area, Adams and Franklin Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th series, Atlas 129C, 72 p.
    • (1978) Pennsylvania Geologic Survey , vol.129 C
    • Fauth, J.L.1
  • 77
    • 0028809036 scopus 로고
    • Age and geochemical characteristics of bimodal magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Grandfather Mountain rift basin
    • Fetter, A. H., and Goldberg, S. A., 1995, Age and geochemical characteristics of bimodal magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Grandfather Mountain rift basin: Journal of Geology, v. 103, p. 313-326.
    • (1995) Journal of Geology , vol.103 , pp. 313-326
    • Fetter, A.H.1    Goldberg, S.A.2
  • 78
    • 0029750143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graphic correlation of Middle Ordovician graptolite shale, southern Appalachians: An approach for examining the subsidence and migration of a Taconic foreland basin
    • Finney, S. C., Grubb, B. J., and Hatcher, R. D., Jr., 1996, Graphic correlation of Middle Ordovician graptolite shale, southern Appalachians: an approach for examining the subsidence and migration of a Taconic foreland basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 355-371.
    • (1996) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 355-371
    • Finney, S.C.1    Grubb, B.J.2    Hatcher R.D., Jr.3
  • 79
    • 0039988981 scopus 로고
    • The metamorphosed sedimentary rocks along the Potomac River near Washington, D.C
    • Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, New York, Interscience Publishers
    • Fisher, G. W., 1970, The metamorphosed sedimentary rocks along the Potomac River near Washington, D.C., in Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, Studies of Appalachian geology: central and southern: New York, Interscience Publishers, p. 299-315.
    • (1970) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern , pp. 299-315
    • Fisher, G.W.1
  • 80
    • 85033100739 scopus 로고
    • Geologic interpretations of aeromagnetic maps of the crystalline rocks in the Appalachians, northern Virginia to New Jersey
    • Report of Investigations No. 32, 43 p.
    • Fisher, G. W., Higgins, M. W., and Zietz, I., 1979, Geologic interpretations of aeromagnetic maps of the crystalline rocks in the Appalachians, northern Virginia to New Jersey: Maryland Geological Survey, Report of Investigations No. 32, 43 p.
    • (1979) Maryland Geological Survey
    • Fisher, G.W.1    Higgins, M.W.2    Zietz, I.3
  • 81
    • 0039396953 scopus 로고
    • A paleozoic age for some charnockitic-anorthositic rocks
    • Foland, K. A., and Muessig, K. W., 1978, A Paleozoic age for some charnockitic-anorthositic rocks: Geology, v. 6, p. 143-146.
    • (1978) Geology , vol.6 , pp. 143-146
    • Foland, K.A.1    Muessig, K.W.2
  • 82
    • 0026312214 scopus 로고
    • Late Proterozoic rift control on the shape of the Appalachians: The Pennsylvania reentrant
    • Gates, A. E., and Valentino, D. W., 1991, Late Proterozoic rift control on the shape of the Appalachians: the Pennsylvania reentrant: Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 863-872.
    • (1991) Journal of Geology , vol.99 , pp. 863-872
    • Gates, A.E.1    Valentino, D.W.2
  • 84
    • 0005802342 scopus 로고
    • The Virgilina deformation, a late orogenic event in the central Piedmont of Virginia and North Carolina
    • Glover, L., III, and Sinha, A. K., 1973, The Virgilina deformation, a late orogenic event in the central Piedmont of Virginia and North Carolina: American Journal of Science, v. 273-A, p. 234-251.
    • (1973) American Journal of Science , vol.273 A , pp. 234-251
    • Glover L. III1    Sinha, A.K.2
  • 85
    • 0030099647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phanerozoic time scale
    • Gradstein, F. M. and Ogg, J., 1996, A Phanerozoic time scale: Episodes, v. 19, nos. 1 & 2, p. 3-5.
    • (1996) Episodes , vol.19 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-5
    • Gradstein, F.M.1    Ogg, J.2
  • 86
    • 0005479697 scopus 로고
    • Age of the granulite facies metamorphism of the Wilmington complex, Delaware-Pennsylvania Piedmont
    • Grauert, B., and Wagner, M. E., 1975, Age of the granulite facies metamorphism of the Wilmington complex, Delaware-Pennsylvania Piedmont: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p. 683-691.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 , pp. 683-691
    • Grauert, B.1    Wagner, M.E.2
  • 87
    • 0040582082 scopus 로고
    • The Ocoee series and its possible correlatives
    • Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, New York, Interscience Publishers
    • Hadley, J. B., 1970, The Ocoee Series and its possible correlatives, in Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, Studies of Appalachian Geology: central and southern: New York, Interscience Publishers, p. 247-259.
    • (1970) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern , pp. 247-259
    • Hadley, J.B.1
  • 88
    • 0039396955 scopus 로고
    • Times of origin and deformation of bedrock in the Manhattan Prong
    • Zen, E., White, W. S., Hadley, J. B., and Thompson, J. B., Jr., editors, New York, Interscience
    • Hall, L. M., 1968, Times of origin and deformation of bedrock in the Manhattan Prong, in Zen, E., White, W. S., Hadley, J. B., and Thompson, J. B., Jr., editors, Studies of Appalachian geology: northern and maritime: New York, Interscience, p. 117-127.
    • (1968) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Northern and Maritime , pp. 117-127
    • Hall, L.M.1
  • 90
    • 84974380130 scopus 로고
    • The artic caledonides and earlier oceans
    • Harland, W. B., and Gayer, R. A., 1972, The Artic Caledonides and earlier oceans: Geological Magazine, v. 109, p. 289-314.
    • (1972) Geological Magazine , vol.109 , pp. 289-314
    • Harland, W.B.1    Gayer, R.A.2
  • 91
    • 0004127230 scopus 로고
    • Oil and gas data from Paleozoic rocks in the Appalachian basin: Maps for assessing hydrocarbon potential, and thermal maturity (conodont color alteration isograds and overburden isopachs)
    • Harris, A. G., Harris, L. D., anc Epstein, J. B., 1978, Oil and gas data from Paleozoic rocks in the Appalachian basin: Maps for assessing hydrocarbon potential, and thermal maturity (conodont color alteration isograds and overburden isopachs): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-917-E.
    • (1978) U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-917-E
    • Harris, A.G.1    Harris, L.D.2    Anc Epstein, J.B.3
  • 92
    • 0021069930 scopus 로고
    • Basement massifs in the Appalachians: Their role in deformation during the Appalachian orogenies
    • Hatcher, R. D., Jr., 1983, Basement massifs in the Appalachians: Their role in deformation during the Appalachian orogenies: Geological Journal, v. 18, p. 255-265.
    • (1983) Geological Journal , vol.18 , pp. 255-265
    • Hatcher R.D., Jr.1
  • 93
    • 0023507008 scopus 로고
    • Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides
    • _ 1987, Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 15, p. 337-362.
    • (1987) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.15 , pp. 337-362
  • 94
    • 0039396927 scopus 로고
    • The third synthesis: Wenlock to mid-Devonian (end of Acadian orogeny)
    • Harris, A. L. and Fettes, D. J., editors
    • _ 1988, The third synthesis: Wenlock to mid-Devonian (end of Acadian orogeny), in Harris, A. L. and Fettes, D. J., editors, The Caledonian-Appalachian orogen: Geological Society Special Publication, v. No. 38, p. 499-504.
    • (1988) The Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen: Geological Society Special Publication , vol.38 , pp. 499-504
  • 96
    • 84874999681 scopus 로고
    • Composition of biotite phenocrysts in ordovician tephras caste doubt on the proposed trans-Atlantic correlation of the Millbrig K-bentonite (United States) and the Kinnekulle K-bentonite (Sweden)
    • Haynes, J. T., Melson, W. G., and Kunk, M. J., 1995, Composition of biotite phenocrysts in Ordovician tephras caste doubt on the proposed trans-Atlantic correlation of the Millbrig K-bentonite (United States) and the Kinnekulle K-bentonite (Sweden): Geology, v. 23, p. 847-850.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 847-850
    • Haynes, J.T.1    Melson, W.G.2    Kunk, M.J.3
  • 97
    • 0041176143 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic framework of Paleozoic rocks of northwestern New Jersey: Bedrock structure and balanced cross sections of the Valley and Ridge province and southwest Highlands area
    • Grossman, I. G , editor, N.J.: Easton, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 6th annual meeting, guidebook
    • Herman, G. C., and Monteverdi, D. H., 1989, Tectonic framework of Paleozoic rocks of northwestern New Jersey: bedrock structure and balanced cross sections of the Valley and Ridge province and southwest Highlands area, in Grossman, I. G , editor, Paleozoic geology of the Kittatinny Valley and southwest Highlands area, N.J.: Easton, Pennsylvania, Geological Association of New Jersey, 6th annual meeting, guidebook, p. 1-57.
    • (1989) Paleozoic Geology of the Kittatinny Valley and Southwest Highlands Area , pp. 1-57
    • Herman, G.C.1    Monteverdi, D.H.2
  • 99
    • 0022928936 scopus 로고
    • 40Ar/39Ar ages of tonstein and tuff sanidines: New calibration points for the improvement of the Upper Carboniferous time scale
    • Hess, J. C., and Lippolt, H. J., 1986, 40Ar/39Ar ages of tonstein and tuff sanidines: new calibration points for the improvement of the Upper Carboniferous time scale: Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), v. 59, p. 143-154.
    • (1986) Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) , vol.59 , pp. 143-154
    • Hess, J.C.1    Lippolt, H.J.2
  • 100
    • 0000019684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orogenesis exotic to the Iapetan cycle in the southern Appalachians
    • Hibbard, J. P., van Staal, C. R., and Cawood, P. A., editors, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper
    • Hibbard, J. P., and Samson, S. D., 1996, Orogenesis exotic to the Iapetan cycle in the southern Appalachians, in Hibbard, J. P., van Staal, C. R., and Cawood, P. A., editors, Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 41, p. 191-206.
    • (1996) Current Perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen , vol.41 , pp. 191-206
    • Hibbard, J.P.1    Samson, S.D.2
  • 101
    • 0039396923 scopus 로고
    • Age, or gin, regional relations, and nomenclature of the Glenarm series, central Appalachian Piedmont: A reinterpretation
    • Higgins, M. W., 1972, Age, or gin, regional relations, and nomenclature of the Glenarm series, central Appalachian Piedmont: a reinterpretation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 989-1026.
    • (1972) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.83 , pp. 989-1026
    • Higgins, M.W.1
  • 102
    • 31444448242 scopus 로고
    • The crystalline rocks of Cecil County
    • Higgins, M. W. and Conant, L. B.
    • _ 1990, The crystalline rocks of Cecil County, in Higgins, M. W. and Conant, L. B., The geology of Cecil County: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin 37, p. 3-116.
    • (1990) The Geology of Cecil County: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.37 , pp. 3-116
  • 103
    • 0039988950 scopus 로고
    • Aeromagnetic discovery of a Baltimore Gneiss dome in the Piedmont of northwestern Delaware and southeastern Pennsylvania
    • Higgins, M. W., Fisher, G. W., and Zietz, I., 1973, Aeromagnetic discovery of a Baltimore Gneiss dome in the Piedmont of northwestern Delaware and southeastern Pennsylvania: Geology, v. 1, p. 41-43.
    • (1973) Geology , vol.1 , pp. 41-43
    • Higgins, M.W.1    Fisher, G.W.2    Zietz, I.3
  • 104
    • 0024225016 scopus 로고
    • The Mine Ridge of the SE Pennsylvania Piedmont
    • Hoersch, A. L., and Crawford, W. A., 1988, The Mine Ridge of the SE Pennsylvania Piedmont: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 181-194.
    • (1988) Northeastern Geology , vol.10 , pp. 181-194
    • Hoersch, A.L.1    Crawford, W.A.2
  • 105
    • 0001964449 scopus 로고
    • Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America
    • Bally, A. W. and Palmer, A. R., editors, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America
    • Hoffman, P. F., 1989, Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America, in Bally, A. W. and Palmer, A. R., editors, The Geology of North America-An overview: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. A, p. 447-512.
    • (1989) The Geology of North America-An Overview , vol.A , pp. 447-512
    • Hoffman, P.F.1
  • 107
    • 84879882169 scopus 로고
    • Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe: Biological, tectonomagmatic, and event-stratigraphic significance
    • Huff, W. D., Bergström, S. M., and Kolata, D. R., 1992, Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe: biological, tectonomagmatic, and event-stratigraphic significance: Geology, v. 20, p. 875-878.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 875-878
    • Huff, W.D.1    Bergström, S.M.2    Kolata, D.R.3
  • 108
    • 0025603363 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of the Ordovician Deicke and Millbrig K-Bentonites between the Mississippi Valley and the southern Appalachians
    • Huff, W. D., and Kolata, D. R., 1990, Correlation of the Ordovician Deicke and Millbrig K-Bentonites between the Mississippi Valley and the southern Appalachians: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 74, p. 1736-1747.
    • (1990) American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , vol.74 , pp. 1736-1747
    • Huff, W.D.1    Kolata, D.R.2
  • 109
    • 0030265329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-magnitude Middle Ordovician volcanic ash falls in North America and Europe: Dimensions, emplacement and post-emplacement characteristics
    • Huff, W. D., Kolata, D. R., Bergström, S. M., and Zhang, Y-S., 1996, Large-magnitude Middle Ordovician volcanic ash falls in North America and Europe: dimensions, emplacement and post-emplacement characteristics: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 73, p. 285-301.
    • (1996) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.73 , pp. 285-301
    • Huff, W.D.1    Kolata, D.R.2    Bergström, S.M.3    Zhang, Y.-S.4
  • 110
    • 0019678776 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral bulge: A causal mechanism for the Lower/Middle Ordovician unconformity along the western margin of the northern Appalachians
    • Jacobi, R. D., 1981, Peripheral bulge: a causal mechanism for the Lower/Middle Ordovician unconformity along the western margin of the northern Appalachians: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 56, p. 245-251.
    • (1981) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.56 , pp. 245-251
    • Jacobi, R.D.1
  • 111
    • 0040582051 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the crystalline schists of southeastern Pennsylvania and Maryland
    • Jonas, A. I., and Knopf, E. B., 1923, Stratigraphy of the crystalline schists of southeastern Pennsylvania and Maryland: American Journal of Science, 5th series, v. 34, p. 364-388.
    • (1923) American Journal of Science, 5th Series , vol.34 , pp. 364-388
    • Jonas, A.I.1    Knopf, E.B.2
  • 113
    • 84879890809 scopus 로고
    • Birthdate for the Iapetus Ocean? A precise U-Pb and baddeleyite age for the Long Range dykes, southeast Labrador
    • Kamo, S. L., Gower, C. F., and Krogh, T. E., 1989, Birthdate for the Iapetus Ocean? A precise U-Pb and baddeleyite age for the Long Range dykes, southeast Labrador: Geology, v. 17, p. 602-605.
    • (1989) Geology , vol.17 , pp. 602-605
    • Kamo, S.L.1    Gower, C.F.2    Krogh, T.E.3
  • 114
    • 0028811854 scopus 로고
    • Age of the Grenville dyke swarm, Ontario-Quebec: Implications for the timing of Iapetan rifting
    • Kamo, S. L., Krogh, T. E., and Kumarapeli, P. S., 1995, Age of the Grenville dyke swarm, Ontario-Quebec: implications for the timing of Iapetan rifting: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 32, p. 273-280.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.32 , pp. 273-280
    • Kamo, S.L.1    Krogh, T.E.2    Kumarapeli, P.S.3
  • 115
    • 0006470880 scopus 로고
    • Taconic allochthone and the Martic thrust
    • Kay, G. M., 1941, Taconic allochthone and the Martic thrust: Science, v. 94, p. 73.
    • (1941) Science , vol.94 , pp. 73
    • Kay, G.M.1
  • 116
    • 0030439782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zircon and whole rock Nd-Pb isotopic evidence for a Grenville age and a Laurentian origin for the basement of the Precordillera in Argentina
    • Kay, S. M., Orrell, S., and Abbruzzi, J. M., 1996, Zircon and whole rock Nd-Pb isotopic evidence for a Grenville age and a Laurentian origin for the basement of the Precordillera in Argentina: Journal of Geology, v. 104, p. 637-648.
    • (1996) Journal of Geology , vol.104 , pp. 637-648
    • Kay, S.M.1    Orrell, S.2    Abbruzzi, J.M.3
  • 117
    • 0024219260 scopus 로고
    • Further paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal rotation in the central Folded Appalachians from the Bloomsburg and the Mauch Chunk Formations
    • Kent, D. V., 1988, Further paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal rotation in the central Folded Appalachians from the Bloomsburg and the Mauch Chunk Formations: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 749-759.
    • (1988) Tectonics , vol.7 , pp. 749-759
    • Kent, D.V.1
  • 118
    • 0039988949 scopus 로고
    • Retrogressive metamorphism and phyllonitization, part 1
    • Knopf, E. B., 1931, Retrogressive metamorphism and phyllonitization, Part 1 : American Journal of Science, v. 21, p. 1-27.
    • (1931) American Journal of Science , vol.21 , pp. 1-27
    • Knopf, E.B.1
  • 119
    • 0039396916 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the crystalline schists of Pennsylvania and Maryland
    • Knopf, E. B., and Jonas, A. I., 1923, Stratigraphy of the crystalline schists of Pennsylvania and Maryland: American Journal of Science, 5th series, v. 5, p. 40-62.
    • (1923) American Journal of Science, 5th Series , vol.5 , pp. 40-62
    • Knopf, E.B.1    Jonas, A.I.2
  • 120
    • 0001245603 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the Mccalls Ferry-Quarryville district, Pennsylvania
    • _ 1929, Geology of the McCalls Ferry-Quarryville district, Pennsylvania: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 799, p. 156 p.
    • (1929) U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.799 , pp. 156
  • 121
    • 84879886140 scopus 로고
    • Crustal structures and the eastern extent of lower Paleozoic shelf strata within the central Appalachians: A seismic reflection interpretation
    • Lampshire, L. D., Coruh, C., and Costain, J. K., 1994, Crustal structures and the eastern extent of lower Paleozoic shelf strata within the central Appalachians: a seismic reflection interpretation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 1-18.
    • (1994) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 1-18
    • Lampshire, L.D.1    Coruh, C.2    Costain, J.K.3
  • 122
    • 0006025063 scopus 로고
    • K-Ar dating of rocks and tectonic events in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania
    • Lapham, D. M., and Bassett, W. A., 1964, K-Ar dating of rocks and tectonic events in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, p. 661-668.
    • (1964) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.75 , pp. 661-668
    • Lapham, D.M.1    Bassett, W.A.2
  • 123
    • 0022872740 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentologic and geochemical evidence for Ordovician near-trench volcanism in the central Appalachian orogen
    • Lash, G. G., 1986, Sedimentologic and geochemical evidence for Ordovician near-trench volcanism in the central Appalachian orogen:Journal of Geology, v. 94, p. 91-107.
    • (1986) Journal of Geology , vol.94 , pp. 91-107
    • Lash, G.G.1
  • 124
    • 0021538923 scopus 로고
    • The Richmond and Greenwich slices of the Hamburg klippe in eastern Pennsylvania-stratigraphy, sedimentology, structure, and plate tectonic implications
    • 40 p.
    • Lash, G. G., and Drake, A. A., Jr., 1984, The Richmond and Greenwich slices of the Hamburg klippe in eastern Pennsylvania-stratigraphy, sedimentology, structure, and plate tectonic implications: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1312, 40 p.
    • (1984) U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.1312
    • Lash, G.G.1    Drake A.A., Jr.2
  • 126
    • 0026068470 scopus 로고
    • Is there an Archean crust beneath Chesapeake Bay?
    • Lefort, J.-P., and Max, M. D., 1991, Is there an Archean crust beneath Chesapeake Bay?: Tectonics, v. 10, p. 213-226.
    • (1991) Tectonics , vol.10 , pp. 213-226
    • Lefort, J.-P.1    Max, M.D.2
  • 128
    • 84879883521 scopus 로고
    • Distal sedimentation in a peripheral foreland basin: Ordovician black shales and associated flysch of the western Taconic foreland, New York State and Ontario
    • Lehman, D., Brett, C. E., Cole, R., and Baird, G., 1995, Distal sedimentation in a peripheral foreland basin: Ordovician black shales and associated flysch of the western Taconic foreland, New York State and Ontario: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 708-724.
    • (1995) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 708-724
    • Lehman, D.1    Brett, C.E.2    Cole, R.3    Baird, G.4
  • 129
    • 0039396874 scopus 로고
    • Grenville province in the subsurface of eastern United States
    • Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J., Mosher, S., Ratcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America
    • Lidiak, E. G., and Hinze, W. J., 1993, Grenville province in the subsurface of eastern United States, in Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J., Mosher, S., Ratcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Precambrian: conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 353-865.
    • (1993) Precambrian: Conterminous U.S. , vol.C-2 , pp. 353-865
    • Lidiak, E.G.1    Hinze, W.J.2
  • 130
    • 0027086249 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogy and origin of the State Line talc deposit, Pennsylvania
    • Linder, D. E., Wylie, A. G., and Candela, P. A., 1992, Mineralogy and origin of the State Line talc deposit, Pennsylvania: Economic Geology, v. 87, p. 1607-1615.
    • (1992) Economic Geology , vol.87 , pp. 1607-1615
    • Linder, D.E.1    Wylie, A.G.2    Candela, P.A.3
  • 131
    • 0039396911 scopus 로고
    • The problem of the Martic overthrust and the age of the Glenarm series in
    • Mackin, J. H., 1935, The problem of the Martic overthrust and the age of the Glenarm Series in: Journal of Geology, v. 43, p. 356-380.
    • (1935) Journal of Geology , vol.43 , pp. 356-380
    • Mackin, J.H.1
  • 132
    • 0039396910 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Glenarm series in Chester County, Pennsylvania
    • _ 1962, Structure of the Glenarm Series in Chester County, Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, p. 403-410.
    • (1962) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.73 , pp. 403-410
  • 133
    • 0039988932 scopus 로고
    • Structure and stratigraphy of the limestones and dolomites of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, General Geology Report G44, 168 p.
    • MacLachlan, D. B., 1967, Structure and stratigraphy of the limestones and dolomites of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th series, General Geology Report G44, 168 p.
    • (1967) Pennsylvania Geologic Survey
    • MacLachlan, D.B.1
  • 134
    • 85033121867 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of the Temple and Fleetwood Quadrangles, Berks County, Pennsylvania
    • Atlas 187ab, 71 p.
    • _ 1979, Geology and mineral resources of the Temple and Fleetwood Quadrangles, Berks County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th series, Atlas 187ab, 71 p.
    • (1979) Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th Series
  • 135
    • 85033114009 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of the Reading and Birdsboro quadrangles, Berks County, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, Atlas 187cd
    • _ 1983, Geology and mineral resources of the Reading and Birdsboro quadrangles, Berks County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Atlas 187cd.
    • (1983) Pennsylvania Geological Survey
  • 138
    • 0039396869 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of the Sinking Spring quadrangle, Berks and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, Atlas, 228 p.
    • Maclachlan, D. B., Buckwalter, T. V., and McLaughlin, D. B., 1975, Geology and mineral resources of the Sinking Spring quadrangle, Berks and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Atlas, v. 177d, 228 p.
    • (1975) Pennsylvania Geological Survey , vol.177 D
    • Maclachlan, D.B.1    Buckwalter, T.V.2    McLaughlin, D.B.3
  • 140
  • 141
    • 0039396872 scopus 로고
    • Age of the schists of the South Valley Hills
    • Miller, B. L., 1935, Age of the schists of the South Valley Hills: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 46, p. 715-756.
    • (1935) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.46 , pp. 715-756
    • Miller, B.L.1
  • 142
    • 0000897728 scopus 로고
    • Deformation of basement in the Blue Ridge and the development of the South Mountain cleavage
    • Wones, D. R., editor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Memoir no. 2
    • Mitra, G., and Elliott, D., 1980, Deformation of basement in the Blue Ridge and the development of the South Mountain cleavage, in Wones, D. R., editor, The Caledonides in the U.S.A.: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Memoir no. 2, p. 307-311.
    • (1980) The Caledonides in the U.S.A. , pp. 307-311
    • Mitra, G.1    Elliott, D.2
  • 143
    • 84879882566 scopus 로고
    • Southwest U.S.-East Antartica (SWEAT) connection: A hypothesis
    • Moores, E. M., 1991, Southwest U.S.-East Antartica (SWEAT) connection: a hypothesis: Geology, v. 19, p. 425-428.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 425-428
    • Moores, E.M.1
  • 148
    • 84879887499 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentology and development of a passive-to convergent-margin unconformity: Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, Virginia Appalachians
    • Mussman, W. J., and Read, J. F., 1986, Sedimentology and development of a passive-to convergent-margin unconformity: Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, Virginia Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 282-295.
    • (1986) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 282-295
    • Mussman, W.J.1    Read, J.F.2
  • 149
    • 84879881074 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting basement isotopic signatures and the palinspastic restoration of peripheral orogens: Example from the Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian belt
    • Nance, R. D., and Murphy, J. B., 1994, Contrasting basement isotopic signatures and the palinspastic restoration of peripheral orogens: Example from the Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian belt: Geology, v. 22, p. 617-620.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 617-620
    • Nance, R.D.1    Murphy, J.B.2
  • 150
    • 0003239932 scopus 로고
    • Bedrock geology of the Shin Pond and Stacyville Quadrangles, Penobscot County, Maine
    • 37 p.
    • Neuman, R. B., 1967, Bedrock geology of the Shin Pond and Stacyville Quadrangles, Penobscot County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 524-1, 37 p.
    • (1967) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.524 , Issue.1
    • Neuman, R.B.1
  • 151
    • 84879881655 scopus 로고
    • Geology and paleobiology of islands in the Ordovician Iapetus Ocean: Review and implications
    • _ 1984, Geology and paleobiology of islands in the Ordovician Iapetus Ocean: review and implications: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 1188-1201.
    • (1984) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.95 , pp. 1188-1201
  • 152
    • 0000637306 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentological evidence for a limited separation between Armorica and Gondwana during the Early Ordovician
    • Noblet, C., and Lefort, J. P., 1990, Sedimentological evidence for a limited separation between Armorica and Gondwana during the Early Ordovician: Geology, v. 18, p. 303-306.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 303-306
    • Noblet, C.1    Lefort, J.P.2
  • 155
    • 0001002380 scopus 로고
    • The Cambrian of the Appalachians and eastern New England region, eastern United States
    • Holland, C. H., editor, New York, Wiley Interscience
    • Palmer, A. R., 1971, The Cambrian of the Appalachians and eastern New England region, eastern United States, in Holland, C. H., editor, Cambrian of the New World: New York, Wiley Interscience, p. 169-211.
    • (1971) Cambrian of the New World , pp. 169-211
    • Palmer, A.R.1
  • 156
    • 84872081068 scopus 로고
    • The decade of North American Geology 1983 time scale
    • _ 1983, The Decade of North American Geology 1983 time scale: Geology, v. 11, p. 503-504.
    • (1983) Geology , vol.11 , pp. 503-504
  • 157
    • 0009767485 scopus 로고
    • Archaeocyatha from New Jersey: Evidence for an intra-Cambrian unconformity in the north-central Appalachians
    • Palmer, A. R., and Rozanov, A. Y., 1976, Archaeocyatha from New Jersey: evidence for an intra-Cambrian unconformity in the north-central Appalachians: Geology, v. 4, p. 773-774.
    • (1976) Geology , vol.4 , pp. 773-774
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Rozanov, A.Y.2
  • 158
    • 84879882186 scopus 로고
    • Plate kinematic history of Baltica during the Middle to Late Proterozoic: A model
    • Park, R. G., 1992, Plate kinematic history of Baltica during the Middle to Late Proterozoic: A model: Geology, v. 20, p. 725-728.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 725-728
    • Park, R.G.1
  • 159
    • 0040582006 scopus 로고
    • Early Paleozoic composite melange terrane, central Appalachian Piedmont, Virginia and Maryland: Its origin and tectonic history
    • Horton, J. W. Jr., and Rast, N., editors
    • Pavlides, L., 1989, Early Paleozoic composite melange terrane, central Appalachian Piedmont, Virginia and Maryland: its origin and tectonic history, in Horton, J. W. Jr., and Rast, N., editors, Melanges and olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 228, p. 135-193.
    • (1989) Melanges and Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians: Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.228 , pp. 135-193
    • Pavlides, L.1
  • 160
    • 0016554191 scopus 로고
    • Tectonics of the western Valley and Ridge foldbelt, Pendleton County, West Virginia-a summary report
    • Perry, W. J., Jr., 1975, Tectonics of the western Valley and Ridge foldbelt, Pendleton County, West Virginia-a summary report: U. S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 3, p. 583-588.
    • (1975) U. S. Geological Survey Journal of Research , vol.3 , pp. 583-588
    • Perry W.J., Jr.1
  • 161
    • 0002409088 scopus 로고
    • New Precambrian time scale
    • Plumb, K. A., 1991, New Precambrian time scale: Episodes, v. 14, p. 139-140.
    • (1991) Episodes , vol.14 , pp. 139-140
    • Plumb, K.A.1
  • 162
    • 84879879227 scopus 로고
    • Paleomagnetic constraints on timing of the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia and the Cambrian formation of Gondwana
    • Powell, C. McA., Li, Z. X., McElhinny, M. W., Meert, J. G., and Park, J. K., 1993, Paleomagnetic constraints on timing of the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia and the Cambrian formation of Gondwana: Geology, v. 21, p. 889-892.
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 889-892
    • Powell, C.McA.1    Li, Z.X.2    McElhinny, M.W.3    Meert, J.G.4    Park, J.K.5
  • 163
    • 0021283049 scopus 로고
    • Appalachian thrusting, lithospheric flexure, and the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the eastern interior of North America
    • Quinlan, G. M., and Beaumont, C., 1984, Appalachian thrusting, lithospheric flexure, and the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the eastern interior of North America: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 21, p. 973-996.
    • (1984) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.21 , pp. 973-996
    • Quinlan, G.M.1    Beaumont, C.2
  • 164
    • 0000877665 scopus 로고
    • The continental margin of eastern North America in the southern Appalachians: The opening and closing of the proto-Atlantic ocean
    • Rankin, D. W., 1975, The continental margin of eastern North America in the southern Appalachians: the opening and closing of the proto-Atlantic ocean: American Journal of Science, v. 275-A, p. 298-336.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 A , pp. 298-336
    • Rankin, D.W.1
  • 165
    • 0001080211 scopus 로고
    • Appalachian salients and recesses: Late Pre-Cambrian continental breakup and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean
    • _ 1976, Appalachian salients and recesses: late Pre-Cambrian continental breakup and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean:Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 81, p. 5605-5619.
    • (1976) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.81 , pp. 5605-5619
  • 166
    • 0027836120 scopus 로고
    • The volcanogenic Mount Rogers Formation and the overlying glaciogenic Konnarock Formation-two late Proterozoic units in southwestern Virginia
    • 26 p.
    • _ 1993, The volcanogenic Mount Rogers Formation and the overlying glaciogenic Konnarock Formation-two late Proterozoic units in southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2029, 26 p.
    • (1993) U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.2029
  • 167
    • 0001254262 scopus 로고
    • Continental margin of the eastern United States: Past and present
    • Speed, R. C., editor, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Volume
    • _ 1994, Continental margin of the eastern United States: past and present, in Speed, R. C., editor, Phanerozoic evolution of North American continent-ocean transitions: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Volume, p. 129-218.
    • (1994) Phanerozoic Evolution of North American Continent-ocean Transitions , pp. 129-218
  • 169
    • 85033111728 scopus 로고
    • Map showing subdivisions of the Grenville orogen and younger tectonostratigraphic terranes in eastern United States and adjacent Canada that may contain Precambrian rocks
    • Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J. M., Mosher, S., Ratcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Plate 5, Map B
    • Rankin, D. W., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hinze, W. J., Horton, J. W., Jr., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J. M., and Secor, D. T., Jr., 1993, Map showing subdivisions of the Grenville orogen and younger tectonostratigraphic terranes in eastern United States and adjacent Canada that may contain Precambrian rocks, in Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J. M., Mosher, S., Ratcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Precambrian: Conterminous U.S. Geological Society of America, The geology of North America, v. C-2, Plate 5, Map B.
    • (1993) Precambrian: Conterminous U.S. Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America , vol.C-2
    • Rankin, D.W.1    Drake A.A., Jr.2    Goldsmith, R.3    Hinze, W.J.4    Horton J.W., Jr.5    Lidiak, E.G.6    McLelland, J.M.7    Secor D.T., Jr.8
  • 170
    • 0039988890 scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic North American (Laurentian) rocks of the Appalachian orogen
    • Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J., Mosher, S., Katcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T. Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America
    • Rankin, D. W., Drake, A. A., Jr., and Ratcliffe, N. M., 1993, Proterozoic North American (Laurentian) rocks of the Appalachian orogen, in Rankin, D. W., Chiarenzelli, J. R., Drake, A. A., Jr., Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Hinze, W. J., Isachsen, Y. W., Lidiak, E. G., McLelland, J., Mosher, S., Katcliffe, N. M., Secor, D. T. Jr., and Whitney, P. R., Proterozoic rocks east and southeast of the Grenville front, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., editors, Precambrian: conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 378-422.
    • (1993) Precambrian: Conterminous U.S. , vol.C-2 , pp. 378-422
    • Rankin, D.W.1    Drake A.A., Jr.2    Ratcliffe, N.M.3
  • 171
    • 0002353394 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the appalachian chain
    • Bally, A. W. and Palmer, A. R., editors, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America
    • Rast, N., 1989, The evolution of the Appalachian chain, in Bally, A. W. and Palmer, A. R., editors, The Geology of North America-An overview: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. A, p. 447-512.
    • (1989) The Geology of North America-an Overview , vol.A , pp. 447-512
    • Rast, N.1
  • 172
    • 0043175336 scopus 로고
    • The Ramapo fault system in New York and adjacent northern New Jersey
    • Ratcliffe, N. M., 1971, The Ramapo fault system in New York and adjacent northern New Jersey: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 125-142.
    • (1971) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 125-142
    • Ratcliffe, N.M.1
  • 173
    • 0013584604 scopus 로고
    • High TiO2 metaciabase dikes of the Hudson Highlands, New York and New Jersey: Possible Late Proterozoic rift rocks in the New York recess
    • _ 1987, High TiO2 metaciabase dikes of the Hudson Highlands, New York and New Jersey: possible Late Proterozoic rift rocks in the New York recess: American Journal of Science, v. 287, p. 817-850.
    • (1987) American Journal of Science , vol.287 , pp. 817-850
  • 175
    • 0005110758 scopus 로고
    • Blastomylonites associated with recumbant folds and overthrusts at the western edge of the Berkshire massif, Connecticut and Massachusetts-a preliminary report
    • Ratcliffe, N. M., and Harwood, D. S., 1975, Blastomylonites associated with recumbant folds and overthrusts at the western edge of the Berkshire massif, Connecticut and Massachusetts-a preliminary report: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, v. 888-A, p. 1-19.
    • (1975) U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.888 A , pp. 1-19
    • Ratcliffe, N.M.1    Harwood, D.S.2
  • 176
    • 0000851638 scopus 로고
    • Carbonate ramp-to-basin transitions and foreland basin evolution, Middle Ordovician, Virginia Appalachians
    • Read, J. F., 1980, Carbonate ramp-to-basin transitions and foreland basin evolution, Middle Ordovician, Virginia Appalachians: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1575-1612.
    • (1980) American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , vol.64 , pp. 1575-1612
    • Read, J.F.1
  • 177
    • 0024843861 scopus 로고
    • Controls on evolution of Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians
    • Crevello, P. D., Wilson, J. L., Sarg, J. F., and Read, J. F., editors, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 44
    • _ 1989, Controls on evolution of Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians, in Crevello, P. D., Wilson, J. L., Sarg, J. F., and Read, J. F., editors, Controls on carbonate platform and basin development: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 44, p. 147-165.
    • (1989) Controls on Carbonate Platform and Basin Development , pp. 147-165
  • 179
    • 0010683375 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy, sedimentology and Cambro-Ordovician paleogeography of the Frederick Valley, Maryland
    • 73 p.
    • Reinhardt, J., 1974, Stratigraphy, sedimentology and Cambro-Ordovician paleogeography of the Frederick Valley, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey, Report of Investigations No. 23, 73 p.
    • (1974) Maryland Geological Survey, Report of Investigations , Issue.23
    • Reinhardt, J.1
  • 180
    • 0005654019 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and structure of the subsurface Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates of New York
    • 26 p.
    • Rickard, L. V., 1973, Stratigraphy and structure of the subsurface Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates of New York: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 18, p. 26 p.
    • (1973) New York State Museum Map and Chart Series , vol.18
    • Rickard, L.V.1
  • 181
    • 0002164702 scopus 로고
    • A revision of some Ordovician graptolites of eastern North America
    • Riva, J., 1974, A revision of some Ordovician graptolites of eastern North America: Paleontology, v. 17, p. 1-40.
    • (1974) Paleontology , vol.17 , pp. 1-40
    • Riva, J.1
  • 182
    • 0024486705 scopus 로고
    • New tectonic divisions of the Grenville Province, southeast Canadian shield
    • Rivers, T., Martingnole, J., Gower, C. F., and Davidson, A., 1989, New tectonic divisions of the Grenville Province, southeast Canadian shield: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 63-84.
    • (1989) Tectonics , vol.8 , pp. 63-84
    • Rivers, T.1    Martingnole, J.2    Gower, C.F.3    Davidson, A.4
  • 183
    • 0027876990 scopus 로고
    • Development of concepts concerning the Troodos ophiolite and adjacent units in Cyprus
    • Prichard, H. M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N. B. W. and Neary, C. R., editors, Geological Society Special Publication
    • Robertson, A., and Xenophontos, C., 1993, Development of concepts concerning the Troodos ophiolite and adjacent units in Cyprus, in Prichard, H. M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N. B. W. and Neary, C. R., editors, Magmatic processes and plate tectonics: Geological Society Special Publication No. 76, p. 85-119.
    • (1993) Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics , Issue.76 , pp. 85-119
    • Robertson, A.1    Xenophontos, C.2
  • 184
    • 0002484643 scopus 로고
    • The eastern edge of the North American continent during the Cambrian and Early Ordovician
    • Zen, E., White, W. S., Hadley, J. B., and Thompson, J. B., Jr., editors, New York, Interscience Publishers
    • Rodgers, John, 1968, The eastern edge of the North American continent during the Cambrian and Early Ordovician, in Zen, E., White, W. S., Hadley, J. B., and Thompson, J. B., Jr., editors, Studies of Appalachian geology: northern and Maritime: New York, Interscience Publishers, p. 141-149.
    • (1968) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Northern and Maritime , pp. 141-149
    • Rodgers, J.1
  • 185
    • 0004263965 scopus 로고
    • New York, Interscience Publishers, 271 p.
    • _ 1970, The tectonics of the Appalachians: New York, Interscience Publishers, 271 p.
    • (1970) The Tectonics of the Appalachians
  • 186
  • 187
    • 80052524820 scopus 로고
    • Fourth time-slice: Mid-Devonian to Permian synthesis
    • Harris, A. L. and Fettes, D. J., editors, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Geological Society Special Publication
    • _ 1988, Fourth time-slice: mid-Devonian to Permian synthesis, in Harris, A. L. and Fettes, D. J., editors, The Caledonian-Appalachian orogen: Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Geological Society Special Publication no. 38, p. 621-626.
    • (1988) The Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen , Issue.38 , pp. 621-626
  • 188
    • 0028837873 scopus 로고
    • Lines of basement uplifts within the external parts of orogenic belts
    • _ 1995, Lines of basement uplifts within the external parts of orogenic belts: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 455-487.
    • (1995) American Journal of Science , vol.295 , pp. 455-487
  • 190
    • 0029753684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history of continents in the past three billion years
    • Rogers, J. J. W., 1996, A history of continents in the past three billion years: Journal of Geology, v. 104, p. 91-107.
    • (1996) Journal of Geology , vol.104 , pp. 91-107
    • Rogers, J.J.W.1
  • 191
    • 0008702876 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the northern terminus of the Blue Ridge in Pennsylvania
    • Root, S. I., 1970, Structure of the northern terminus of the Blue Ridge in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 815-830.
    • (1970) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.81 , pp. 815-830
    • Root, S.I.1
  • 192
    • 0039988887 scopus 로고
    • Lat 40 degrees N fault zone, Pennsylvania: A new interpretation
    • Root, S. I., and Hoskins, D. M., 1977, Lat 40 degrees N fault zone, Pennsylvania: a new interpretation: Geology, v. 5, p. 719-723.
    • (1977) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 719-723
    • Root, S.I.1    Hoskins, D.M.2
  • 194
    • 0039396850 scopus 로고
    • Graptolites of New York, part 2. Graptolites of the higher beds
    • 583 p.
    • Ruedemann, R., 1908, Graptolites of New York, Part 2. Graptolites of the higher beds: New York State Museum Memoir 11, 583 p.
    • (1908) New York State Museum Memoir , vol.11
    • Ruedemann, R.1
  • 195
    • 0027063603 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Lake County, Ohio, to Juniata county, Pennsylvania
    • Ryder, R. T., 1992a, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Lake County, Ohio, to Juniata County, Pennsylvania: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-2200.
    • (1992) U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-2200
    • Ryder, R.T.1
  • 196
    • 0027063603 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Morrow County, Ohio, to Pendleton County, West Virginia
    • _ 1992b, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Morrow County, Ohio, to Pendleton County, West Virginia: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-G, p. G1-G25.
    • (1992) U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.1839 G
  • 197
    • 0027035975 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and southcentral Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia
    • Ryder, R. T., Harris, A. G., and Repetski, J. E., 1992, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and southcentral Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839, p. K1-K32.
    • (1992) U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.1839
    • Ryder, R.T.1    Harris, A.G.2    Repetski, J.E.3
  • 198
    • 0001759527 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Taconian orogen in the Quebec Appalachians
    • St. Julien, P., and Hubert, C., 1975, Evolution of the Taconian orogen in the Quebec Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 275-A, p. 337-362.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 A , pp. 337-362
    • St. Julien, P.1    Hubert, C.2
  • 200
    • 84879889163 scopus 로고
    • Origin and tectonic setting of Ordovician bentonites in North America: Isotopic and age constraints
    • Samson, S. D., Patchett, P. J., Roddick, J. C., and Parrish, R. R., 1989, Origin and tectonic setting of Ordovician bentonites in North America: isotopic and age constraints: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 1175-1181.
    • (1989) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 1175-1181
    • Samson, S.D.1    Patchett, P.J.2    Roddick, J.C.3    Parrish, R.R.4
  • 202
    • 0039988877 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the Avalonian rocks
    • Rankin, D. W., Drake, A. A., Jr., Glover, L., III, Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Murray, D. P., Ratcliffe, N. M., Read, J. F., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Stanley, R. S., Pre-orogenic terranes, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors
    • Secor, D. T., Jr., Murray, D. P., and Glover, L., III, 1989, Geology of the Avalonian rocks, in Rankin, D. W., Drake, A. A., Jr., Glover, L., III, Goldsmith, R., Hall, L. M., Murray, D. P., Ratcliffe, N. M., Read, J. F., Secor, D. T., Jr., and Stanley, R. S., Pre-orogenic terranes, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors, The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America: The Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 57-85.
    • (1989) The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America: The Geology of North America , vol.F-2 , pp. 57-85
    • Secor D.T., Jr.1    Murray, D.P.2    Glover L. III3
  • 203
    • 0021037486 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of the Carolina slate belt as an exotic terrane
    • Secor, D. T., Jr., Samson, S. L., Snoke, A. W., and Palmer, A. R., 1983, Confirmation of the Carolina slate belt as an exotic terrane: Science, v. 221, p. 649-651.
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 649-651
    • Secor D.T., Jr.1    Samson, S.L.2    Snoke, A.W.3    Palmer, A.R.4
  • 204
    • 84879890116 scopus 로고
    • Character of the Alleghanian orogeny in the southern Appalachians: Part III
    • Secor, D. T., Jr., Snoke, A. W., and Dallmeyer, R. D., 1986, Character of the Alleghanian orogeny in the southern Appalachians: Part III: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1345-1353.
    • (1986) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 1345-1353
    • Secor D.T., Jr.1    Snoke, A.W.2    Dallmeyer, R.D.3
  • 205
    • 0021283733 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic constraints on the origin of Appalachian mafic complexes
    • Shaw, H. F., and Wasserburg, G. J., 1984, Isotopic constraints on the origin of Appalachian mafic complexes: American Journal of Science, v. 284, p. 319-349.
    • (1984) American Journal of Science , vol.284 , pp. 319-349
    • Shaw, H.F.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 206
    • 84879880823 scopus 로고
    • Seismic reflection and gravity study of proposed Taconic suture under the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Implications for continental growth
    • Sheridan, R. E., Olsson, R. K., and Miller, J. J., 1991, Seismic reflection and gravity study of proposed Taconic suture under the New Jersey Coastal Plain: implications for continental growth: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 402-414.
    • (1991) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 402-414
    • Sheridan, R.E.1    Olsson, R.K.2    Miller, J.J.3
  • 207
    • 84870810400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basement structure of the Appalachian foreland in West Virginia: Its style and effect on sedimentation
    • van der Pluijm, B. A., and Catacosinos, P. A., editors
    • Shumaker, R. C., and Wilson, T. H., 1996, Basement structure of the Appalachian foreland in West Virginia: its style and effect on sedimentation, in van der Pluijm, B. A., and Catacosinos, P. A., editors, Basement and basins of eastern North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 308, p. 139-155.
    • (1996) Basement and Basins of Eastern North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.308 , pp. 139-155
    • Shumaker, R.C.1    Wilson, T.H.2
  • 208
    • 84879887349 scopus 로고
    • Early Cambrian age for synrift deposits of the Chilhowee Group of southwestern Virginia
    • Simpson, E. L., and Sundberg, F. A., 1987, Early Cambrian age for synrift deposits of the Chilhowee Group of southwestern Virginia: Geology, v. 15, p. 123-126.
    • (1987) Geology , vol.15 , pp. 123-126
    • Simpson, E.L.1    Sundberg, F.A.2
  • 209
    • 84871776693 scopus 로고
    • Granites and gabbros-a field excursion through the Maryland Piedmont
    • Baltimore, Md., May 11-13, 1988, 19 p.
    • Sinha, A. K., 1988, Granites and gabbros-a field excursion through the Maryland Piedmont: Field guide for V. M. Goldschmidt Conference, Baltimore, Md., May 11-13, 1988, 19 p.
    • (1988) Field Guide for V. M. Goldschmidt Conference
    • Sinha, A.K.1
  • 210
    • 0039988824 scopus 로고
    • Igneous rocks
    • Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors
    • Sinha, A. K., and Guy, R. E., 1989, Igneous rocks, in Drake, A. A., Jr., Sinha, A. K., Laird, J., and Guy, R. E., The Taconic orogen, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., editors, The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, The geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 117-134.
    • (1989) The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America , vol.F-2 , pp. 117-134
    • Sinha, A.K.1    Guy, R.E.2
  • 214
    • 0028259757 scopus 로고
    • Neoproterozoic sedimentation on the northeast margin of Laurentia and the opening of Iapetus
    • Soper, N. J., 1994, Neoproterozoic sedimentation on the northeast margin of Laurentia and the opening of Iapetus: Geological Magazine, v. 131, p. 291-299.
    • (1994) Geological Magazine , vol.131 , pp. 291-299
    • Soper, N.J.1
  • 218
    • 0343541742 scopus 로고
    • Geologic map of the Bluemont Quadrangle, Loudoun and Clarke Counties, Virginia
    • _ 1994, Geologic map of the Bluemont Quadrangle, Loudoun and Clarke Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1739.
    • (1994) U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1739
  • 219
    • 0028254450 scopus 로고
    • Paleomagnetic considerations of the development of the Pennsylvania salient in the central Appalachians
    • Stamatakos, J., and Hirt, A. M., 1994, Paleomagnetic considerations of the development of the Pennsylvania salient in the central Appalachians: Tectonophysics, v. 231, p. 237-255.
    • (1994) Tectonophysics, . , vol.231 , pp. 237-255
    • Stamatakos, J.1    Hirt, A.M.2
  • 220
    • 84879880496 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic synthesis of the Taconian orogeny in western New England
    • Stanley, R. S., and Ratcliffe, N. M., 1985, Tectonic synthesis of the Taconian orogeny in western New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 1227-1250.
    • (1985) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 1227-1250
    • Stanley, R.S.1    Ratcliffe, N.M.2
  • 221
    • 0021283711 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for tectonic emplacement of ultramafic and associated rocks in the pre-Silurian eugeoclinal belt of western New England-vestiges of an ancient accretionary wedge
    • Stanley, R. S., Roy, D. L., Hatch, N. L., Jr., and Knapp, D. A., 1984, Evidence for tectonic emplacement of ultramafic and associated rocks in the pre-Silurian eugeoclinal belt of western New England-vestiges of an ancient accretionary wedge: American Journal of Science, v. 284, p. 559-595.
    • (1984) American Journal of Science , vol.284 , pp. 559-595
    • Stanley, R.S.1    Roy, D.L.2    Hatch N.L., Jr.3    Knapp, D.A.4
  • 222
    • 0007089588 scopus 로고
    • Geology and mineral resources of York County, Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, County Report 199 p.
    • Stose, G. W., and Jonas, A. I., 1939, Geology and mineral resources of York County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th series, County Report C67, 199 p.
    • (1939) Pennsylvania Geologic Survey , vol.C67
    • Stose, G.W.1    Jonas, A.I.2
  • 223
    • 0028250250 scopus 로고
    • Precise U-Pb zircon ages of Neoproterozoic plutons in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge and their implications for the initial rifting of Laurentia
    • Su, Q., Goldberg, S. A., and Fullager, P. D., 1994, Precise U-Pb zircon ages of Neoproterozoic plutons in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge and their implications for the initial rifting of Laurentia: Precambrian Research, v. 68, p. 81-95.
    • (1994) Precambrian Research , vol.68 , pp. 81-95
    • Su, Q.1    Goldberg, S.A.2    Fullager, P.D.3
  • 226
    • 0017705911 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Appalachian-Ouachita salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin
    • Thomas, W. A., 1977, Evolution of Appalachian-Ouachita salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin: American Journal of Science, v. 277, p. 1233-1278.
    • (1977) American Journal of Science , vol.277 , pp. 1233-1278
    • Thomas, W.A.1
  • 227
    • 85033104981 scopus 로고
    • A guide to continent ocean transect E-1 Adirondacks to Georges Bank
    • Thompson, J. B., Jr., Bothner, W. A., Robinson, P., and Klitgord, K. D., Geological Society of America Centennial Continent/Ocean Transect # 17, 55 p.
    • Thompson, J. B., Jr., Bothner, W. A., Robinson, P., Isachsen, Y. W. and Klitgord, K. D., 1993, A guide to continent ocean transect E-1 Adirondacks to Georges Bank, in Thompson, J. B., Jr., Bothner, W. A., Robinson, P., and Klitgord, K. D., E-1 Adirondacks to Georges Bank: Geological Society of America Centennial Continent/Ocean Transect # 17, 55 p.
    • (1993) E-1 Adirondacks to Georges Bank
    • Thompson J.B., Jr.1    Bothner, W.A.2    Robinson, P.3    Isachsen, Y.W.4    Klitgord, K.D.5
  • 228
    • 0029750083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 700 Ma rift event in the Blue Ridge province of Virginia: A unique time constraint on pre-Iapetan rifting of Laurentia
    • Tollo, R. P., and Hutson, F. E., 1996, 700 Ma rift event in the Blue Ridge province of Virginia: a unique time constraint on pre-Iapetan rifting of Laurentia: Geology, v. 24, p. 59-62.
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 59-62
    • Tollo, R.P.1    Hutson, F.E.2
  • 229
    • 0030485014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern chile
    • Tosdal, R. M., 1996, The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 827-842.
    • (1996) Tectonics , vol.15 , pp. 827-842
    • Tosdal, R.M.1
  • 230
    • 0026469766 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic and accretionaiy history of Taconian oceanic rocks of the Quebec Appalachians
    • Tremblay, A., 1992, Tectonic and accretionaiy history of Taconian oceanic rocks of the Quebec Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 292, p. 229-252.
    • (1992) American Journal of Science , vol.292 , pp. 229-252
    • Tremblay, A.1
  • 231
    • 0028885422 scopus 로고
    • Early Paleozoic chronology: A review in light of new U-Pb zircon ages from Newfoundland and Britain
    • Tucker, R. D., and McKerrow, W S., 1995, Early Paleozoic chronology: a review in light of new U-Pb zircon ages from Newfoundland and Britain: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 368-379.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.32 , pp. 368-379
    • Tucker, R.D.1    McKerrow, W.S.2
  • 232
    • 84879881359 scopus 로고
    • Age and setting of the Bronson Hill magmatic arc: A re-evaluation based on U-Pb zircon ages in southern New England
    • Tucker, R. D., and Robinson, P., 1990, Age and setting of the Bronson Hill magmatic arc: a re-evaluation based on U-Pb zircon ages in southern New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, p. 1104-1419.
    • (1990) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.102 , pp. 1104-1419
    • Tucker, R.D.1    Robinson, P.2
  • 234
    • 0006093982 scopus 로고
    • Geologic structures and metamorphism: Mapping the elusive isograds in the Pennsylvania Piedmont
    • Valentine, D. W., and Faill, R. T., 1990, Geologic structures and metamorphism: mapping the elusive isograds in the Pennsylvania Piedmont: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 6-14.
    • (1990) Pennsylvania Geology , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 6-14
    • Valentine, D.W.1    Faill, R.T.2
  • 236
    • 0028328110 scopus 로고
    • Late Paleozoic transcurrent tectonic assembly of the central Appalachian Piedmont
    • Valentino, D. W., Gates, A. E., and Glover, L., III, 1994, Late Paleozoic transcurrent tectonic assembly of the central Appalachian Piedmont: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 110-126.
    • (1994) Tectonics , vol.13 , pp. 110-126
    • Valentino, D.W.1    Gates, A.E.2    Glover L. III3
  • 239
    • 0000288480 scopus 로고
    • Ordovician docking of the Carolina slate belt: Paleomagnetic data
    • Vick, H. K., Channell, J. E. T., and Opdyke, N. D., 1987, Ordovician docking of the Carolina slate belt: Paleomagnetic data: Tectonics, v. 6, p. 573-583.
    • (1987) Tectonics , vol.6 , pp. 573-583
    • Vick, H.K.1    Channell, J.E.T.2    Opdyke, N.D.3
  • 240
    • 0030409526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geology, geochemistry, and tectonostratigraphic relations of the crystalline basement beneath the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and contiguous areas
    • 48 p.
    • Volkert, R. A., Drake, A. A., Jr., and Sugarman, P. J., 1996, Geology, geochemistry, and tectonostratigraphic relations of the crystalline basement beneath the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and contiguous areas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1565-B, 48 p.
    • (1996) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.1565 B
    • Volkert, R.A.1    Drake A.A., Jr.2    Sugarman, P.J.3
  • 241
    • 0039988700 scopus 로고
    • Polymetamorphism of the Precambrian Baltimore gneiss in southeastern Pennsylvania
    • Wagner, M. E., and Crawford, M. E., 1975, Polymetamorphism of the Precambrian Baltimore gneiss in southeastern Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p. 653-682.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 , pp. 653-682
    • Wagner, M.E.1    Crawford, M.E.2
  • 242
    • 84879887873 scopus 로고
    • Early paleozoic metamorphism at two crustal levels and a tectonic model for the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont
    • Wagner, M. E., and Srogi, L., 1987, Early Paleozoic metamorphism at two crustal levels and a tectonic model for the Pennsylvania-Delaware Piedmont: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 113-126.
    • (1987) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.99 , pp. 113-126
    • Wagner, M.E.1    Srogi, L.2
  • 244
    • 0344648202 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and western Pennsylvania
    • 4th series, General Geology Report 156 p.
    • Wagner, W. R., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and western Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, General Geology Report 49, 156 p.
    • (1966) Pennsylvania Geological Survey , vol.49
    • Wagner, W.R.1
  • 245
    • 0016926555 scopus 로고
    • Growth faults in cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in western Pennsylvania
    • _ 1976, Growth faults in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in western Pennsylvania: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, p. 414-427.
    • (1976) American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , vol.60 , pp. 414-427
  • 246
    • 0022179543 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the Lynchburg Group and Swift Run Formation, Late Proterozoic (730-570 Ma), central Virginia
    • Wehr, F., 1985, Stratigraphy of the Lynchburg Group and Swift Run Formation, Late Proterozoic (730-570 Ma), central Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 25, p. 225-239.
    • (1985) Southeastern Geology , vol.25 , pp. 225-239
    • Wehr, F.1
  • 247
    • 0000858790 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Virginia-North Carolina Blue Ridge: Evolution of a late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic hinge zone
    • Wehr, F., and Glover, L., III, 1985, Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Virginia-North Carolina Blue Ridge: Evolution of a late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic hinge zone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 285-295.
    • (1985) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 285-295
    • Wehr, F.1    Glover L. III2
  • 249
    • 0041175925 scopus 로고
    • American Institute of Mining Engineers
    • Williams, G. H., and Darton, N. H., 1892, Guide to Baltimore: American Institute of Mining Engineers, p. 88-139.
    • (1892) Guide to Baltimore , pp. 88-139
    • Williams, G.H.1    Darton, N.H.2
  • 251
    • 0040581725 scopus 로고
    • An example of recumbent folding south of the Great Valley of Pennsylvania
    • Wise, D. U., 1958, An example of recumbent folding south of the Great Valley of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences Proceedings, v. 32, p. 172-176.
    • (1958) Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences Proceedings , vol.32 , pp. 172-176
    • Wise, D.U.1
  • 253
    • 0003156187 scopus 로고
    • Multiple deformation, geosynclinal transitions, and the Martic problem in Pennsylvania
    • Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, New York, Interscience Publishers
    • _ 1970, Multiple deformation, geosynclinal transitions, and the Martic problem in Pennsylvania, in Fisher, G. W., Pettijohn, F. J., Reed, J. C., Jr., and Weaver, K. N., editors, Studies of Appalachian Geology: central and southern: New York, Interscience Publishers, p. 317-333.
    • (1970) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern , pp. 317-333
  • 256
    • 84879890121 scopus 로고
    • Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents?
    • Young, G. M., 1995, Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents?: Geology, v. 23, p. 153-156.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 153-156
    • Young, G.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.