The zonal momentum balance of the equatorial undercurrent in the central pacific

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1094-1119

  Qiao, L ^a   Weisberg, R H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENTS; MOMENTUM; ZONAL BALANCE;

PACIFIC, (CENTRAL);

EID: 0031437534     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1094:TZMBOT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Arthur, R. S., 1960: A review of the calculation of ocean currents at the equator. Deep-Sea Res., 6, 287-297.
2. Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol, 1972: Random Data. Wiley-Interscience, 407 pp.
3. Bryden, H. L., and E. C. Brady, 1985: Diagnostic model of three-dimensional circulation in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1255-1273.
4. _, and _, 1989: Eddy momentum and heat fluxes and their effects on the circulation of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Mar. Res., 47, 55-79.
5. Busalacchi, A. T., and J. J. O'Brien, 1981: Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific in the 1960s. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 10 901-10 907.
6. Charney, J. G., 1960: Non-linear theory of a wind-driven homogeneous layer near the equator. Deep-Sea Res., 6, 303-310.
7. _, and S. Spiegel, 1971: Structure of wind driven equatorial currents in homogeneous oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 149-160.
8. Chereskin, T. K., 1995: Direct evidence for an Ekman balance in the California Current. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18261-18269.
9. Cromwell, T., R. B. Montgomery, and E. D. Stroup, 1954: Equatorial under-current in Pacific Ocean revealed by new methods. Science, 119, 648-649.
10. Davis, R. E., 1977: Techniques for statistical analysis and prediction of geophysical fluid systems. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 8, 245-277.
11. Dillon, T. M., J. N. Moum, T. K. Chereskin, and D. R. Caldwell, 1989: Zonal momentum balance at the Equator. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 561-570.
12. Fofonoff, N. P., and R. B. Montgomery, 1955: The Equatorial Undercurrent in the light of the vorticity equation. Tellus, 7, 518-521.
13. Gregg, M. C., 1987: Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: A review. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5249-5286.
14. Hansen, D., and C. Paul, 1984: Genesis and effects of long waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10431-10440.
15. Hebert, D., J. N. Moum, C. A. Paulson, D. R. Caldwell, T. K. Chereskin, and M. J. McPhaden, 1991: The role of the turbulent stress divergence in the equatorial Pacific zonal momentum balance. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7127-7136.
16. Johnson, E. S., and M. J. McPhaden, 1993: Structure of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 608-625.
17. _, and D. S. Luther, 1994: Mean zonal momentum balance in the upper and central equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7689-7705.
18. Jones, J. H., 1973: Vertical mixing in the Equatorial Undercurrent. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 286-296.
19. Kessler, W. S., M. J. McPhaden, and K. M. Weickmann, 1995: Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10613-10632.
20. Knauss, J. A., 1960: Measurements of the Cromwell Current. Deep-Sea Res., 6, 265-286.
21. _, 1966: Further measurements and observations of the Cromwell Current. J. Mar. Res., 24, 205-240.
22. Knox, R. A., and D. Halpern, 1982: Long range Kelvin wave propagation of transport variations in Pacific Ocean equatorial currents. J. Mar. Res., 40(Suppl.), 329-339.
23. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1981: Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336.
24. Lien, R.-C., D. R. Caldwell, M. C. Greg, and J. N. Moum, 1995: Turbulence variability at the equator in the central Pacific at the begining of the 1991-1993 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6881-6898.
25. Lukas, R., 1986: The termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the eastern Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 16, Pergamon Press, 63-90.
26. _, 1987: Horizontal Reynolds stresses in the central equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9453-9463.
27. Luther, D. S., and E. S. Johnson, 1990: Eddy energetics in the upper equatorial Pacific during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti shuttle experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 913-944.
28. Mangum, L. J., and S. P. Hayes, 1984: The vertical structure of the zonal pressure gradient in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10441-10450.
29. McPhaden, M. J., 1984: On the dynamics of equatorial subsurface countercurrents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1216-1225.
30. _, and B. A. Taft, 1988: Dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1713-1732.
31. Peters, H., M. C. Gregg, and J. M. Toole, 1988: On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1199-1218.
32. Qiao, L., and R. H. Weisberg, 1995: Tropical instability wave kinematics: Observations from the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8677-8693.
33. Stommel, H., 1960: Wind-drift near the Equator. Deep-Sea Res., 6, 298-302.
34. Tang, T. Y., and R. H. Weisberg, 1993: Seasonal variations in equatorial Atlantic Ocean zonal volume transport at 28°W. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10 145-10 153.
35. Tennekes, H., and J. L. Lumley, 1972: A First Course in Turbulence. The MIT Press, 300 pp.
36. Wacongne, S., 1989: Dynamical regimes of a fully nonlinear stratified model of the Atlantic Equatiorial Undercurrent. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4801-4815.
37. Weisberg, R. H., and T. J. Weingartner, 1986: On the baroclinic response of the zonal pressure gradient in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11 717-11 725.
38. _, and _, 1988: Instability waves in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1641-1657.
39. _, and T. Y. Tang, 1990: A linear analysis of equatorial Atlantic Ocean thermocline variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1813-1825.
40. _, J. C. Donovan, and R. D. Cole, 1991: The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment (TIWE) Equatorial Array: A report on data collected using subsurface moored acoustic Doppler current profilers, May 1990-June 1991. Tech. Rep., 84 pp. [Available from Dept. of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Ave., St. Petersburg, FL 33701.]
41. Wilson, D., and A. Leetmaa, 1988: Acoustic Doppler current profiling in the equatorial Pacific in 1984. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13 947-13 966.
42. Wyrtki, K., and E. B. Bennett, 1963: Vertical eddy viscosity in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Res., 10, 449-455.
43. _, and B. Kilonsky, 1984: Mean water and current structure during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 242-254.
44. Yin, F. L., and E. S. Sarachik, 1993: Dynamics and heat balance of steady equatorial undercurrents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1647-1669.