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note
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Briefly 20 μg of RNA was hybridized to a 450-nucleotide (Fig. 1A) or 120-nucleotide (Fig. 3B) riboprobe, which corresponds to the 5′ untranslated region of the COUP-TFII gene along with a 670-nucleotide (Fig. 1A) or 102-nucleotide (Fig. 3B) riboprobe in the murine cyclophilin A coding region. Also, a 255-base pair (bp) region of the pBLCAT2 plasmid (Bgl II-Eco RI fragment) or a 123-bp region of the LUC coding (Hinc II-Eco 1091 fragment) region was used to generate an antisense riboprobe and was hybridized with 60 μg of total RNA (Fig. 2) obtained from transfected P19 cells. The RPA II kit from Ambion was used to perform the ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay. The products were subjected to RNase digestion and analyzed on a 6% urea-polyacrylamide gel.
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2642635222
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note
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Radiolabeled probe (40 pg) was incubated with the nuclear extracts (10 μg) along with 4 μg of poly(dG-dC) in a binding reaction mixture containing 10 mM tris (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mg of bovine serum albumin per milliliter, and 5% (v/v) glycerol. Later the mixture was loaded onto a 5% polyacrylamide gel and the retarded complexes were separated in 1 x tris-borate EDTA buffer and analyzed by autoradiography. The following oligonucleotides were used as competitors or probes in these assays: wild type or ShhRE, GTTCTACATA-ATGCGCCG; mutant, TTCTACgTgATGCGCCG; GliRE, TCCCGAAGACCACCCACAATGA.
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2642683925
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V. Krishnan et al., data not shown
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V. Krishnan et al., data not shown.
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Bishop, J.M.4
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24
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2642636250
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note
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P19 cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding three copies of the ShhRE, placed upstream of a simian virus 40 LUC plasmid (3 x ShhRE-SV40LUC). Also, a pBKRSV, pCMV4, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-PP1, CMV-PP2A, CMV-PPIV, or CMV-PPV expression plasmid was cotransfected along with the reporter plasmid. Cells were treated with 1 nM Shh and assayed for reporter gene activity.
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25
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2642596487
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note
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An internal control containing a 763-bp insert into the Sph I site of the Islet1 cDNA was transcribed in vitro to prepare sense-oriented RNA. One nanogram of this RNA along with 100 ng of total RNA from appropriately treated P19 cells was reverse transcribed using Superscript II, and 1/10th of each reaction mixture was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers for Islet1 (forward primer, 5′ TCA AAC CTA CTT TGG GGT CTT A 3′; reverse primer, 5′ ATC GCC GGG GAT GAG CTG GCG GCT 3′) and for COUP-TFII (forward primer, 5′ GAT ATG GCA ATG GTA GTC AGC ACG TGG 3′; reverse primer, 5′ AGC TTC TCC ACT TGC TCT TGG 3′) were used for PCR amplification (94°C for 1 min, 54°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min). Twenty-two cycles were used for amplifying Islet1 and the resulting products were separated on a 1% agarose gel in tris-acetate EDTA (TAE) buffer. A 427-bp Isl1 fragment and an 838-bp COUP-TFII fragment were used to estimate changes in mRNA quantities.
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26
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2642604623
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note
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Mouse embryos at embryonic day 9 to 9.5 were dissected in such a way as to remove surface ectoderm and somitic mesoderm, and neural tubes were isolated from the level of rhombomere 8 in the rostral region to the first segmenting somite in the caudal region. Neural tubes were cultured for 24 hours dorsal side down on Millicell-CM membranes and overlaid with Matrigel containing 10 ng of NT-3 per milliliter, with L15 air medium (4) in the presence or absence of 5 nM OA. The explants were subjected to whole-mount immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody raised against mouse Islet1 (39.4D5) or NFL (2H3) as described (29).
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0030891148
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Kondoh, H.4
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31
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2642632129
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note
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Purified Shh-N was provided by J. A Porter and K. Young, purified protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A were provided by S. Shenolikar (Duke University), PPIV protein and expression plasmid were provided by T-H. Tan (Baylor College of Medicine). CMV-PPV plasmid was provided by M. Chinkers (Oregon University, Health Science Center). PP1 and PP2A expression plasmids were kindly provided by T. Deng (University of Florida). Human Gli and GliRE-CAT reporters were provided by C-C. Hui (University of Toronto, Canada). The authors also wish to thank N. Fuse for communication of unpublished results. This work is supported by an NIH grant.
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