The functional significance of spasticity as assessed by gait analysis

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 29-39

  Kerrigan, D Casey ^a,b   Annaswamy, Thiru M ^b  

^a and Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Gait; Paresis; Rehabilitation; Spastic

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; GAIT; HUMAN; REVIEW; SPASTICITY;

EID: 0031436523     PISSN: 08859701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001199-199712000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Gage JR. Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy. Philadelphia, Pa: Mac Keith Press; 1991.
2. Waters RL, Yakura JS, Adkins R, Barnes G. Determinants of gait performance following spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:811-818.
3. Knutsson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain. 1979;102:405-430.
4. Lance JW. Spasticity: Disordered motor control. In: Feldman R, Young R, Koella W, eds. Symposium Synopsis. Scottsdale, Ariz: Year Book Publishers; 1980.
5. Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability on modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67:206-207.
6. Peirrot-Deseilligny E. Electrophysiological assessment of the spinal mechanisms underlying spasticity. In: Rossini P, Mauguiere F, eds. New Trends and Advanced Techniques in Clinical Neurophysiology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 1990.
7. Nance PW, Shears AH, Nance DM. Reflex changes induced by clonidine in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia. 1989;27:296-301.
8. Panizza M, Balbi P, Russo G, Nilsson J. H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of H-Reflex of the upper limbs in patients with spasticity secondary to stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;74:357-363.
9. Firoozbaksh KK, Kunkel CH, Scremin EAM, Moneim MS. Isokinetic dynamometric technique for spasticity assessment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;72: 379-385.
10. Thirunarayan MA. Correlation of the Modified Ashworth Scale with the Resistance Torque Obtained Through Analyses of the Torque Data in the Assessment of Plantarflexor Spasticity in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Austin, Tex: Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin; 1994.
11. Perry J. Determinants of muscle function in the spastic lower extremity. Clin Orthop. 1993;288:10-26.
12. Kerrigan DC, Glenn MB. An illustration of clinical gait laboratory use to improve rehabilitation management Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;73:421-427.
13. Kerrigan DC, Meister M, Ribaudo TA. A modified technique for preparing disposable fine-wire electrodes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;76:107-108.
14. Perry J. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 1992.
15. Kerrigan DC, Deming LC, Holden MK. Knee recurvatum in gait: A study of associated knee biomechanics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:645-650.
16. Kerrigan DC, Gronley J, Perry J. Stiff-legged gait in spastic paresis: A study of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activity. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;70: 294-300.
17. Saunders JBD, Inman VT, Eberhart HD. The major determinants in normal and pathological gait. J Bone Joint Surg. 1953;35A:543-558.
18. Kerrigan DC, Abdulhadi H, Ribaudo TR, Della Croce U. Biomechanic effects of a contralateral shoe-lift on walking with an immobilized knee. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. In press.
19. Waters RL, Garland DE, Perry J, Habig T, Slabaugh P. Stiff-legged gait in hemiplegia: surgical correction. J Bone Joint Surg. 1979;61A:927-933.
20. Treanor WJ. The role of physical medicine treatment in stroke rehabilitation. Clin Orthop. 1969;63:14-22.
21. Sutherland DH, Santi M, Abel MF. Treatment of stiff-knee gait in cerebral palsy: A comparison by gait analysis of distal rectus femoris transfer versus proximal rectus release. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10:433-441.
22. Sutherland DH, Cooper L, Daniel D. The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking. J Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62A:354-363.
23. Simon SR, Deutsch SD, Nuzzo RM, et al. Genu recurvatum in spastic cerebral palsy. Report on findings by gait analysis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1978;60A: 882-894.
24. Gage JR, Perry J, Hicks RR, Koop S, Werntz JR. Rectus femoris transfer to improve knee function of children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987;29:159-166.
25. Sutherland DH, Cooper L. The pathomechanics of progressive crouch gait in spastic diplegia. Orthop Clin North Am. 1978;9:143-154.
26. Tylkowski C, Howell-Garvey V, Miller G. The influence of hamstring and hip flexor musculature on crouch gait in spastic cerebral palsy as determined by gait analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1988;30:30.