Linear relation of Central and Eastern North American precipitation to tropical Pacific Sea surface temperature anomalies

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 541-558

  Montroy, David L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR/SEA INTERACTION; PRECIPITATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TELECONNECTION PATTERN;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0031435852     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0541:LROCAE>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Angell, J. K., 1981: Comparison of variations in atmospheric quantities with sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 230-243.
2. _, and J. Korshover, 1981: Comparison between sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific and United States surface temperature. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 1105-1110.
3. Barnett, T. P., and R. Preisendorfer, 1987: Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United States surface air temperature determined by canonical correlation analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1825-1850.
4. Berlage, H. P., 1966: The Southern Oscillation and world weather. K. Ned. Meteor. Inst., Meded. Verh., 88, 1-152.
5. Bjerknes, J., 1966: A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Tellus, 18, 820-829.
6. _, 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 163-172.
7. Bretherton, C. S., C. Smith, and J. M. Wallace, 1992: An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate. 5, 541-560.
8. Buell, C. E., 1975: The topography of empirical orthogonal functions. Preprints, Fourth Conf. on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, Amit. Meteor. Soc., 188-193.
9. Cattell, R. B., 1996: The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar. Behav. Res., 1, 245-276.
10. Davis, R. E., 1976: Predictability of sea suface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 249-266.
11. Deser, C., and J. M. Wallace, 1987: El Niño events and their relation to the Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14 189-14 196.
12. Easterling, D. R., 1991: Climatological patterns of thunderstorm activity in the south-eastern USA. Int. J. Climatol., 11, 213-221.
13. Fu, C., H. F. Diaz, and J. O. Fletcher, 1986: Characteristics of the response of sea surface temperature in the central Pacific associated with warm episodes of the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1716-1738.
14. Glantz, M. H., R. W. Katz, and N. Nicholls, Eds., 1991: Telecomnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies. Cambridge University Press, 535 pp.
15. Gong, X., and M. B. Richman, 1995: On the application of cluster analysis to growing season precipitation data in North America east of the Rochies. J. Climate, 8, 897-931.
16. Halpert, M. S., and C. F. Ropelewski, 1989: Atlas of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Surface Winds. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 212 pp.
17. _, and C. F. Ropelewski, 1992: Surface temperature patterns associated with the Sorthern Oscillation. J. Climate, 5, 577-593.
18. Harris, C. W., and H. F. Kaiser, 1964: Oblique factor analytic solutions by orthogonal transformation. Phychometrika, 29, 347-362.
19. Horel, J. D., 1981: A rotated principal component analysis of the interannual variability of the Northern Hemisphere 500 mb height field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2080-2092.
20. Hsuing, J., and R. E. Newell, 1983: The principal nonseasonal modes of variation of global sea suface temperature. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1957-1967.
21. Kahya, E., and J. A. Dracup, 1994: The influence of type 1 El Niño and La Niño events on streamflows in the Pacific Southwest of the Untied States. J. Climate. 7, 965-976.
22. Kaiser, H. F., 1958: The Varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis, Phsychometrika, 23, 187-200.
23. Karl, T. R., A. J. Koscielny, and H. F. Diaz, 1982: Potential errors in the application of principal compinent (eigenvector) analysis to geophysica data. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1183-1186.
24. Kiladis, G. N., and H. van Loon, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 120-136.
25. _, and H. F. Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with the Southern Oscillalion. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090.
26. Livezey, R. E., 1995: Field intercomparisons. Analysis of Climate Variability: Applications of Statistical Techniques, H. von Storch and A. Navarra, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 159-176.
27. _, and W. Chen, 1983: Statistical field significance and its determination by Monte Carlo techniques. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 46-59.
28. Mendenhall, W., and T. Sincich, 1992: Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences. 3d ed. MacMillan Publishing Company, 963 pp.
29. Nicholls, N., 1989: Sea surface temperatures and Australian winter rainfall. J. Climate, 2, 965-973.
30. North, G. R., T. L. Bell, R. F. Calahan, and F. J. Moeng, 1982: Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 699-706.
31. Pan, Y. H., and A. H. Oort, 1983: Global climate variations connected with sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean for the 1958-73 period. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1244-1258.
32. Philander, S. G. H., 1990: El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, 289 pp.
33. Pisciottano, G., A. Diaz, G. Cazes, and C. R. Mechoso, 1994: El Niño-Southern Oscillation impact on rainfall in Uruguay. J. Climate, 7, 1286-1302.
34. Preisendorfer, R. W., 1988: Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography. Elsevier, 425 pp.
35. Quinn, W. H., 1974: Monitoring and predicting El Niño invasions. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 825-830.
36. _, V. T. Neal, and S. E. Antunez de Mayolo, 1987: El Niño occurrences over the past four and a half centuries. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14 449-14 461.
37. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
38. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
39. _, and _, 1995: A high-resolution global sea surface temperature climatology. J. Climate, 8, 1571-1583.
40. Richman, M. B., 1986: Rotation of principal components. J. Climatol., 6, 293-333.
41. _, 1987: Rotation of principal components: A reply. J. Cltmatol., 7, 511-520.
42. _, and P. J. Lamb, 1985: Climatic pattern analysis of three- and seven-day summer rainfall in the central United States: Some methodological considerations and a regionalzation. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 1325-1343.
43. _, and _, 1987: Pattern analysis of growing season precipitation in southern Canada. Atmos.-Ocean, 25, 137-158.
44. _, _, and J. R. Angel, 1991: Relationship between monthly precipitation over central and eastern North America and the Southern Oscillation. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on Climate Variations, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 151-158.
45. _, J. R. Angel, and X. Gong, 1992a: Determination of dimensionality in eigenanalysis. Proc. Fifth Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Toronto, ON, Canada, Environment Canada, 229-235.
46. _, P. J. Lamb, A. Zangvil, and J. R. Angel, 1992b: Multivariate statistical analysis of precipitation associated with North American strom tracks. Preprints, 12th Conf. on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada, Amer. Meteror. Soc., 277-283.
47. Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1986: North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.
48. _, and _, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 1606-1626.
49. _, and P. D. Jones, 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation index. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2161-2165.
50. _, and _, 1989: Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 268-284.
51. _, M. Chelliah, T. Smith, and D. Marsico, 1992: What can COADS tell us? Potential and limitations. Proc. Int. COADS Workshop, Boulder, CO, 295-302.
52. Slutz, R. J., S. J. Lubker, J. D. Hiscox, S. D. Woodruff, R. L. Jenne, D. H. Joseph, P. M. Steurer, and J. D. Elms, 1985: Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set release 1. Climate Research Program, Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, 268 pp.
53. Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, R. E. Livezey, and D. C. Stokes, 1996: Reoconstruction of historical sea surface temperatures using empirical orthogonal functions. J. Climate, 9, 1403-1420.
54. Streten, N. A., 1983: Extreme distributions of Australian rainfall in relation to sea surface temperature. J. Climatol., 3, 143-153.
55. Trenberth, K. E., 1993: The different flavors of El Niño Pro.c 18th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Boulder, CO, 50-53.
56. Wallace, J. M., C. Smith, and C. S. Bretherton, 1992: Singular value decomposition of wintertime sea surface temperature. and 500-mb heighy anomalies. J. Climate. 5, 561-576.
57. Ward, M. N., and C. K. Folland, 1991: Prediction of seasonal rainfall in the nordeste of Brazil using eigenvectors of sea-suface temperature. Int. J. Climatol., 11, 711-743.
58. Weare, B. C., A. R. Navato, and R. E. Newell, 1976: Empirical orthogonal analysis of Pacific sea surface temperatures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 671-678.
59. Whitaker, L. M., and L. H. Horn, 1984: Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone activity for four mid-season months. J. Climatol., 4, 297-310.
60. Wright, P. B., J. M. Wallace, T. P. Mitchell, and C. Deser, 1988: Correlation structure of the El Noño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. J. Climate, 1, 609-625.
61. Wyrtki, K., 1975: El Niño - The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 572-584.