The Red-cockaded Woodpecker's role in the southern pine ecosystem, population trends and relationships with southern pine beetles

Texas Journal of Science

Volumn 49, Issue 3 SUPPL., 1997, Pages 139-154

  Conner, Richard N ^a   Rudolph, D Craig ^a   Saenz, Daniel ^a   Coulson, Robert N ^b  

^a USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031435577     PISSN: 00404403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Allen, D. H. 1991. An insert technique for constructing artificial red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. U. S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-SE-73, 19 pp.
2. Baker, W. W. 1971. Progress report on life history studies of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker at Tall Timbers Research Station. Pp. 44-59, in The ecology and management of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (R. L. Thompson, ed.), Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S.D.I. and Tall Timbers Res. Station, Tallahassee, Florida, ii + 1-188 pp.
3. Baker, W. W. 1982. The distribution, status and future of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Georgia. Pp. 82-87, in Proceedings of the nongame and endangered wildlife symposium (R. R. Odom and J. W. Guthrie, eds.), Ga. Dept. Nat. Resour. and Game and Fish Div., Athens, Georgia, 1-179 pp.
4. Baker, W. W. 1983. Decline and extirpation of a population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in northwest Florida. Pp. 44-45, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker Symposium II (D. A. Wood, ed.), Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tallahassee, Florida, iv + 1-112.
5. Beckett, T. 1971. A summary of Red-cockaded Woodpecker observations in South Carolina. Pp. 87-95, in The ecology and management of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (R. L. Thompson, ed.), Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S.D.I. and Tall Timbers Res. Station, Tallahassee, Florida, ii + 1-188.
6. Belanger, R. P., R. L. Hedden & P. L. Lorio, Jr. 1993. Management strategies to reduce losses from the southern pine beetle. So. J. Appl. For., 17:150-154.
7. Billings, R. F., & F. E. Varner. 1986. Why control southern pine beetle infestations in wilderness areas? The Four Notch and Huntsville State Park experiences. Pp. 129-134, in Wilderness and natural areas in the eastern United States: a management challenge (D. L. Kulhavy and R. N. Conner, eds.), Center for Applied Studies, School of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xv + 1-416.
8. Carter, J. H., III, R. T. Stamps & P. D. Doerr. 1983. Status of the red-cockaded woodpecker in the North Carolina sand hills. Pp. 24-29, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker Symposium II (D. A. Wood, ed.), Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tallahassee, Florida, iv +1-112.
9. Carter, J. H., III, J. R. Walters, S. H. Everhart & P. D. Doerr. 1989. Restrictors for Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 17:68-72.
10. Conner, R. N. 1995. Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees: an introduction. Pp. 335-337, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
11. Conner, R. N., & B. A. Locke. 1982. Fungi and Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees. Wilson Bull., 94:64-70.
12. Conner, R. N., & D. C. Rudolph. 1989. Red-cockaded Woodpecker colony status and trends on the Angelina, Davy Crockett, and Sabine National Forests. U. S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv. Res. Pap. SO-250, 15 pp.
13. Conner, R. N., & D. C. Rudolph. 1991a. Effects of midstory reduction and thinning in Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 19:63-66.
14. Conner, R. N., & D. C. Rudolph. 1991b. Forest habitat loss, fragmentation, and Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations. Wilson Bull., 103:446-457.
15. Conner, R. N., & D. C. Rudolph. 1995a. Excavation dynamics and use patterns of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities: relationships with cooperative breeding. Pp. 343-352, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
16. Conner, R. N., & D. C. Rudolph. 1995b. Losses of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees to southern pine beetles. Wilson Bull., 107:81-92.
17. Conner, R. N., D. C. Rudolph & L. H. Bonner. 1995. Red-cockaded Woodpecker population trends and management on Texas national forests. J. Field Ornithol., 66:140-151.
18. Conner, R. N., D. C. Rudolph, D. L. Kulhavy & A. E. Snow. 1991. Causes of mortality of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees. J. Wildl. Manage., 55:531-537.
19. Conner, R. N., D. C. Rudolph, D. Saenz & R. R. Schaefer. 1994. Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees. J. Wildl. Manage., 58:728-734.
20. Conner, R. N., D. C. Rudolph, D. Saenz & R. R. Schaefer. 1996. Red-cockaded Woodpecker nesting success, forest structure, and southern flying squirrels in Texas. Wilson Bull., 108:697-711.
21. Copeyon, C. K. 1990. A technique for constructing cavities for the red-cockaded woodpecker. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 18:303-311.
22. Costa, R., & R. E. F. Escano. 1989. Red-cockaded Woodpecker status and management in the southern region in 1986. U. S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv. Tech. Publ. R8-TP-12, 71 pp.
23. Coulson, R. N., T. L. Payne, J. E. Coster & M. W. Houseweart. 1972. The southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) 1961-1971. Texas For. Serv. Publ. 108, 38 pp.
24. DeFazio, J. T., Jr., M. A. Hunnicutt, M. R. Lennartz, G. L. Chapman & J. A. Jackson. 1987. Red-cockaded Woodpecker translocation experiments in South Carolina. Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies, 41:311-317.
25. Dennis, J. V. 1971. Species using Red-cockaded Woodpecker holes in northeastern South Carolina. Bird-Banding, 42:79-87.
26. Dickens, J. C., R. F. Billings & T. L. Payne. 1992. Green leaf volatiles interrupt aggregation pheromone response in bark beetles infesting southern pines. Experimentia, 48:523-524.
27. Eddleman, W. R., & R. L. Clawson. 1987. Population status and habitat conditions for the Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Missouri. Trans. Missouri Acad. Sci., 21:105-117.
28. Harlow, R. F., & M. R. Lennartz. 1983. Interspecific competition for Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities during the nesting season in South Carolina. Pp. 41-43, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker symposium II (D. A. Wood, ed.), Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm. and U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Tallahassee, Florida, iv + 1-112.
29. Hicks, R. R., Jr., J. E. Coster & G. N. Mason. 1987. Forest insect hazard rating. J. For., 85:20-26.
30. Hodges, J. D., W. W. Elam & W. F. Watson. 1977, Physical properties of the oleoresin system of the four major southern pines. Can. J. For. Res., 7:520-525.
31. Hooper, R. G. 1988. Longleaf pines used for cavities by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. J. Wildl. Manage., 52:392-398.
32. Hooper, R. G., D. L. Krusac & D. L. Carlson. 1991a. An increase in a population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 19:277-286.
33. Hooper, R. G., & M. R. Lennartz. 1995. Short-term response of a high density Red-cockaded Woodpecker population to loss of foraging habitat. Pp. 283-289, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
34. Hooper, R. G., M. R. Lennartz & H. D. Muse. 1991b. Heart rot and cavity tree selection by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. J. Wildl. Manage., 55:323-327.
35. Hopkins, M. L., & T. E. Lynn, Jr. 1971. Some characteristics of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees and management implications in South Carolina. Pp. 140-169, in The ecology and management of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (R. L. Thompson, ed.), Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S.D.I. and Tall Timbers Res. Station, Tallahassee, Florida, ii + 1-188.
36. Jackson, J. A. 1974. Gray rat snakes versus Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: predator-prey adaptations. Auk, 91:342-347.
37. Jackson, J. A. 1978a. Competition for cavities and Red-cockaded Woodpecker management. Pp. 103-112, in Endangered birds: management techniques for endangered species (S. A. Temple, ed.), Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, xxiii + 1-466.
38. Jackson, J. A. 1978b. Pine bark redness as an indicator of red-cockaded woodpecker activity. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 6:171-172.
39. Jackson, J. A. 1980. Central southern region. Am. Birds, 38:902-904.
40. Jackson, J. A., B. J. Schardian & R. Weeks. 1978. An evaluation of the status of some Red-cockaded Woodpecker colonies in east Texas. Bull. Texas Ornithol., 11:2-9.
41. James, F. C. 1991. Signs of trouble in the largest remaining population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Auk, 108:419-423.
42. Kappes, J., Jr., & L. D. Harris. 1995. Interspecific competition for Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities in the Apalachicola National Forest. Pp. 389-393, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
43. Lay, D. W. 1969. Destined for oblivion. Texas Parks Wildl., 27(2):12-15.
44. Lay, D. W., & D. N. Russell. 1970. Notes on the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Auk, 87:781-786.
45. Ligon, J. D. 1970. Behavior and breeding biology of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Auk, 87:255-278.
46. Locke, B. A., R. N. Conner & J. C. Kroll. 1983. Factors influencing colony site selection by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Pp. 46-50, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker symposium II (D. A. Wood, ed.), Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm. and U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Tallahassee, Florida, iv + 1-112.
47. Loeb, S. C. 1993. Use and selection of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities by southern flying squirrels. J. Wildl. Manage., 57:329-335.
48. Masters, R. E., J. E. Skeen & J, A. Garner. 1989. Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Oklahoma: an update of Wood's 1974-77 study. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci., 69:27-31.
49. Maxwell, R. S., & R. D. Baker. 1983. Sawdust empire, the Texas lumber industry, 1830-1940. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station, Texas, 228 pp.
50. McWilliams, W. H., & R. G. Lord. 1988. Forest resources of east Texas. U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Resour. Bull. SO-136, 61 pp.
51. Mitchell, J. H., D. L. Kulhavy, R. N. Conner & C. M. Bryant. 1991. Susceptibility of Red-cockaded Woodpecker colony areas to southern pine beetle infestation in east Texas. So. J. Appl. For., 15:158-162.
52. Nebeker, T. E., & J. D. Hodges. 1985. Thinning and harvesting practices to minimize site and stand disturbance and susceptibility to bark beetle and disease attacks. Pp. 263-271, in Proc. integrated pest management research symposium (S. J. Branham and R. C. Thatcher, eds.), U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SOH-56.
53. Ortego, B., & D. Lay. 1988. Status of Red-cockaded Woodpecker colonies on private land in east Texas. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 16:403-405.
54. Rudolph, D. C., & R. N. Conner. 1994. Forest fragmentation and Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations: an analysis at intermediate scale. J. Field Ornithol., 65:365-375.
55. Rudolph, D. C., R. N. Conner & J. Turner. 1990a. Competition for Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) roost and nest cavities: the effects of resin age and cavity entrance diameter. Wilson Bull., 102:23-36.
56. Rudolph, D. C., H. Kyle & R. N. Conner. 1990b. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers vs rat snakes: the effectiveness of the resin barrier. Wilson Bull., 102:14-22.
57. Rudolph, D. C., R. N. Conner, D. K. Carrie & R. R. Schaefer. 1992. Experimental reintroduction of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Auk, 109:914-916.
58. Rudolph, D. C., & R. N. Conner. 1995. The impact of southern pine beetle induced mortality on Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees. Pp. 208-213, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
59. Rudolph, D. C., R. N. Conner & R. R. Schaefer. 1995. Red-cockaded Woodpecker detection of red heart infection. Pp. 338-342, in Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management (D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds.), College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Texas, xvii + 1-551.
60. Schowalter, T. D., & P. Turchin. 1993. Southern pine beetle infestation development: interaction between pine and hardwood basal areas. For. Sci., 39:201-210.
61. Thatcher, R. C., J. L. Searcy, J. E. Coster & G. D. Hertel, eds. 1980. The southern pine beetle. U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Sci. Ed. Admin. Tech. Bull. 1631, 267 pp.
62. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1995. Final environmental impact statement for the management of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker and its habitat on national forests in the southern region. U. S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Region 8, R8-MB-73, Atlanta, Georgia. 407 pp.
63. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1985. Red-cockaded Woodpecker recovery plan. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Atlanta, GA. 88 pp.
64. Van Balen, J. B., & P. D. Doerr. 1978. The relationship of understory vegetation to Red-cockaded Woodpecker activity. Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies, 32:82-92.
65. Wahlenberg, W. G. 1946. Longleaf pine: its use, ecology, regeneration, protection, growth, and management. Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation, Washington, D.C., 429 pp.
66. Walters, J. R. 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: a "primitive" cooperative breeder. Pp. 69-101, in Cooperative breeding in birds (P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig, eds.), Cambridge University Press, London, United Kingdom, xviii + 1-615.
67. Walters, J. R., P. D. Doerr & J. H. Carter, III. 1988. The cooperative breeding system of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Ethology, 78:275-305.