Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport in NCEP-NCAR Reanalyses: Comparison with River Discharge in the Central United States

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 78, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 1957-1969

  Gutowski Jr , William J ^a   Chen, Yibin ^a   Ötles, Zekai ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NCAR; NCEP; RIVER DISCHARGE; STREAMFLOW; WATER TRANSPORT; WATER VAPOR;

USA, MISSISSIPPI RIVER; USA, OHIO RIVER; USA, TENNESSEE RIVER;

EID: 0031432412     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1957:AWVTIN>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Bonner, W. D., 1968: Climatology of the low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 833-850.
2. Brubaker, K. L., D. Entekhabi, and P. S. Eagleson, 1993: Estimation of continental precipitation recycling. J. Climate, 6, 1077-1089.
3. Chahine, M. T., 1992: GEWEX: The global energy and water cycle experiment. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 73, 9.
4. Chen, S.-C., C. L. Morris, and J. O. Roads, 1996a: Balancing the atmospheric moisture budget. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7341-7358.
5. Chen, T.-C., M.-C. Yen, and S. Schubert, 1996b: Hydrological processes associated with cyclone systems over United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1197-1205.
6. Derber, J. D., D. F. Parrish, and S. J. Lord, 1991: The new global operational analysis system at the National Meteorological Center. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 538-547.
7. Dingman, S. L., 1994: Physical Hydrology. Macmillan College Publishing, 575 pp.
8. Donner, L. J., and P. J. Rasch, 1989: Cumulus initialization in a global model for numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2654-2671.
9. Elliott, W. P., and D. J. Gaffen, 1991: On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1507-1520.
10. Freeze, R. A., 1972: Role of subsurface flow in generating surface runoff: 1. Baseflow contributions to channel flow. Water Resour. Res., 8, 609-623.
11. Guetter, A. K., and K. P. Georgakakos, 1993: River outflow of the coterminous United States, 1939-1988. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1873-1891.
12. Higgins, R. W., K. C. Mo, and S. D. Schubert, 1996: The moisture budget of the central United States as evaluated in the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 939-963.
13. Houze, R. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1982: Organization and structure of precipitating cloud systems. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 41, Academic Press, 3405-3411.
14. Iselin, J. P., and W. J. Gutowski. 1997: Water vapor layers in STORM-FEST rawinsonde observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1954-1963.
15. Jarraud, M., C. Girard, and U. Cubasch, 1981: Comparison of medium range forecasts made with models using spectral or finite difference techniques in the horizontal. ECMWF Tech. Rep. No. 23, 96 pp. [Available from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RG29AX, United Kingdom.]
16. Kalnay, E., and R. Jenne, 1991: Summary of the NMC/NCAR reanalysis workshop of April 1991. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1897-1904.
17. _, and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
18. Mitchell, M. J., R. W. Arritt, and K. Labas, 1995: A climatology of the warm season Great Plains low-level jet using wind profiler observations. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 576-591.
19. National Research Council, 1991: Opportunities in Hydrologic Sciences. National Academy Press, 348 pp.
20. Oort, A. H., 1983: Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973. U.S. Department of Commerce, 180 pp.
21. Parrish, D. F., and J. C. Derber, 1992: The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical interpolation analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1747-1763.
22. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics, 520 pp.
23. _, D. A. Salstein, and R. D. Rosen, 1981: Interannual variation in large-scale moisture fields. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1255-1264.
24. Pratt, R. W., 1985: Review of radiosonde humidity and temperature errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 404-407.
25. Rasmusson, E. M., 1967: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America, Pan I. Characteristics of the water vapor flux field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 95, 403-426.
26. _, 1968: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America, Part II. Large-scale water balance investigations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 720-734.
27. Roads, J. O., S.-C. Chen, A. K. Guetter, and K. P. Georgakakos, 1994: Large-scale aspects of the United States hydrologic cycle. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1589-1610.
28. Roden, G. I., 1967: On river discharge into the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 72, 5613-5629.
29. Rosen, R. D., D. A. Salstein, and J. P. Peixoto, 1979a: Stream-function analysis of interannual variability in large-scale water vapor flux. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1682-1684.
30. _, _, and _, 1979b: Variability in the annual fields of large-scale atmospheric water vapor transport. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 26-37.
31. Savijarvi, H. I., 1988: Global energy and moisture budgets from rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 417-430.
32. Schaake, J. C., 1990: From climate to flow. Climate Change and United States Water Resources, P. E. Waggoner, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 177-206.
33. Southard, R. E., D. Sneck-Fahrer, C. J. Anderson, R. D. Goodrich, and J. G. Gorman, 1994: Water resources data - Iowa, water year 1993. Annual Report USGS-WDR-IA-93, U.S. Geological Survey, 388 pp. [NTIS PB94-196102XSP.]
34. Starr, D. O., and S. H. Melfi, 1991: The role of water vapor in climate: A strategic plan for the proposed GEWEX water vapor project (GVaP). NASA Conf. Publ. 3120, 50 pp. [Available from International GEWEX Program Office, 600 Maryland Ave., SW, Plaza Suite 1, Washington, DC 20024.]
35. Stone, P. H., S. J. Ghan, D. Spiegel, and S. Rambaldi, 1982: Short-term fluctuations in the eddy heat flux and baroclinic stability of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1734-1746.
36. Sullivan, D. J., P. D. Hayes, T. E. Richards, and J. C. Maurer, 1990; Water resources data-Illinois, water year 1989, volume 2, Illinois River Basin. Annual Report USGS-WDR-IL-89-2, U.S. Geological Survey, 467 pp. [NTIS: PB90-230905XSP.]
37. Trenberth, K. E., 1991: Climate diagnostics from global analyses: Conservation of mass in ECMWF analyses. J. Climate, 4, 707-722.
38. _, and C. J. Guillemot, 1995: Evaluation of the global atmospheric moisture budget as seen from analyses. J. Climate, 8, 2239-2254.
39. USGS, 1980: Water resources data-Illinois, water year 1979, volume 2, Illinois River Basin. Annual Report USGS-WDR-IL-79-2, U.S. Geological Survey, 401 pp.
40. Wade, C. G., 1991: Improved low humidity measurements using the radiosonde hygristor. Preprints, Seventh Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, New Orleans, LA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 285-290.
41. _, 1994: An evaluation of problems affecting the measurement of low relative humidity on the United States radiosonde. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 687-700.
42. Wahl, K. L., W. O. Thomas Jr., and R. M. Hirsch, 1995: The stream-gaging program of the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1123, 22 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
43. Winter, T. C., 1981: Uncertainties in estimating the water balance of lakes. Water Resour. Bull., 17, 82-115.
44. Yarosh, E. S., C. F. Ropelewski, and E. Berbery, 1997: Observed water budgets over the GCIP domain: Role of diurnal variability and spatial sampling. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 38-41.
45. Zektser, I. S., and H. A. Loaiciga, 1993: Groundwater fluxes in the global hydrologic cycle: Past, present and future. J. Hydrol., 144, 405-427.
46. Zuehls, E. E., J. K. La Tour, and T. L. Wicker, 1994: Water resources data-Illinois, water year 1993, volume 2, Illinois River Basin. Annual Report USGS-WDR-IL-93-2, U.S. Geological Survey, 297 pp. [NTIS PB94-204120XSP.]