Globalization and the commonwealth: International economic relations in the post-cold war world

Round Table

Volumn , Issue 344, 1997, Pages 473-484

  Bayne, Nicholas ^a,b  

^a Joint Commonwealth Societies Council   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION; GLOBALISATION; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS;

EID: 0031428157     PISSN: 00358533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00358539708454382     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. The Future Role of the Commonwealth, Report by the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, London, HMSO, March 1996; conclusions and recommendations reproduced in The Round Table No 339, July 1996. Katharine West, Economic Opportunities for Britain and the Commonwealth, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Discussion Paper No 60, London, RIIA, 1995. A further contribution is forthcoming in Rob Jenkins, Reassessing the Commonwealth, RIIA Discussion Paper, London, RIIA, 1997.
2. The Future Role of the Commonwealth, Report by the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, London, HMSO, March 1996; conclusions and recommendations reproduced in The Round Table No 339, July 1996. Katharine West, Economic Opportunities for Britain and the Commonwealth, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Discussion Paper No 60, London, RIIA, 1995. A further contribution is forthcoming in Rob Jenkins, Reassessing the Commonwealth, RIIA Discussion Paper, London, RIIA, 1997.
3. The Future Role of the Commonwealth, Report by the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, London, HMSO, March 1996; conclusions and recommendations reproduced in The Round Table No 339, July 1996. Katharine West, Economic Opportunities for Britain and the Commonwealth, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Discussion Paper No 60, London, RIIA, 1995. A further contribution is forthcoming in Rob Jenkins, Reassessing the Commonwealth, RIIA Discussion Paper, London, RIIA, 1997.
4. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, Avon Books, New York, 1993.
5. Development Cooperation; the 1996 Report of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 1997, Table 6a, Statistical Annex, pp A11-12.
6. The IMF World Economic Outlook for May 1997, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, 1997, focuses on the impact of globalization on both developed and developing countries. See especially p 72: 'A key lesson seems to be that the pressures of globalization, especially in the last decade or so, have served to accentuate the benefits of good policies and the costs of bad policies.'
7. The Global Competitiveness Report 1997, Geneva, World Economic Forum, 1997. Report and table in Financial Times, 21 May 1997, p 1.
8. The Global Competitiveness Report 1997, Geneva, World Economic Forum, 1997. Report and table in Financial Times, 21 May 1997, p 1.
9. Trinidad is featured in the UN Human Development Report 1997, Oxford University Press for the United Nations, 1997 - see Financial Times, 12 June 1997, p 4. Singapore is also commended there for reducing human poverty, while Sierra Leone is among the worst countries. Canada comes first in the Human Development Index, for the fourth year running. India, despite major advances, still has a closed insurance market and maintains a range of import restrictions; see Financial Times, Survey of India, 24 June 1997.
10. Trinidad is featured in the UN Human Development Report 1997, Oxford University Press for the United Nations, 1997 - see Financial Times, 12 June 1997, p 4. Singapore is also commended there for reducing human poverty, while Sierra Leone is among the worst countries. Canada comes first in the Human Development Index, for the fourth year running. India, despite major advances, still has a closed insurance market and maintains a range of import restrictions; see Financial Times, Survey of India, 24 June 1997.
11. Trinidad is featured in the UN Human Development Report 1997, Oxford University Press for the United Nations, 1997 - see Financial Times, 12 June 1997, p 4. Singapore is also commended there for reducing human poverty, while Sierra Leone is among the worst countries. Canada comes first in the Human Development Index, for the fourth year running. India, despite major advances, still has a closed insurance market and maintains a range of import restrictions; see Financial Times, Survey of India, 24 June 1997.
12. According to World Bank sources, GNP per head in Nigeria has fallen from $1160 in 1980 to $240 in 1996, putting Nigeria among the world's 20 poorest countries; GNP per head in Sierra Leone fell on average by 3.6 per cent annually in 1985-95. See Financial Times, 19 June 1997, p 4 and 26 June 1997, p 4.
13. According to World Bank sources, GNP per head in Nigeria has fallen from $1160 in 1980 to $240 in 1996, putting Nigeria among the world's 20 poorest countries; GNP per head in Sierra Leone fell on average by 3.6 per cent annually in 1985-95. See Financial Times, 19 June 1997, p 4 and 26 June 1997, p 4.
14. For a full list of regional groups to which Commonwealth countries belong, see Katharine West, Economic Opportunities for Britain and the Commonwealth, pp 3-6 and Table 1.
15. For example, the OECD's twice-yearly Economic Outlook regularly contains a report on trends in six dynamic Asian economies plus China.
16. The documents issued by the G7 summits, including those at Halifax (1995), Lyons (1996) and Denver (1997), are on the web site of the University of Toronto G7 Research Group: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca.
17. For an appraisal of the results of the Uruguay Round, see Jeffrey J. Schott, The Uruguay Round: An Assessment, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, 1994. The Commonwealth Secretariat has published studies on the impact of the Round: see David Greenaway and Chris Miller, The Uruguay Round and Developing Countries; An Assessment, and Michael Davenport, The Uruguay Round and NAFTA; The Challenge for Commonwealth Caribbean Countries, Economic Papers 25 and 26, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1996.
18. For an appraisal of the results of the Uruguay Round, see Jeffrey J. Schott, The Uruguay Round: An Assessment, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, 1994. The Commonwealth Secretariat has published studies on the impact of the Round: see David Greenaway and Chris Miller, The Uruguay Round and Developing Countries; An Assessment, and Michael Davenport, The Uruguay Round and NAFTA; The Challenge for Commonwealth Caribbean Countries, Economic Papers 25 and 26, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1996.
19. For an appraisal of the results of the Uruguay Round, see Jeffrey J. Schott, The Uruguay Round: An Assessment, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, 1994. The Commonwealth Secretariat has published studies on the impact of the Round: see David Greenaway and Chris Miller, The Uruguay Round and Developing Countries; An Assessment, and Michael Davenport, The Uruguay Round and NAFTA; The Challenge for Commonwealth Caribbean Countries, Economic Papers 25 and 26, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1996.
20. Singapore ministerial meeting, reports in Financial Times, 9 to 16 December 1996; agreement on telecommunications. Financial Times, 17 and 18 February 1997; financial services negotiations. Financial Times, 10 April 1997, p 10.
21. Singapore ministerial meeting, reports in Financial Times, 9 to 16 December 1996; agreement on telecommunications. Financial Times, 17 and 18 February 1997; financial services negotiations. Financial Times, 10 April 1997, p 10.
22. Singapore ministerial meeting, reports in Financial Times, 9 to 16 December 1996; agreement on telecommunications. Financial Times, 17 and 18 February 1997; financial services negotiations. Financial Times, 10 April 1997, p 10.
23. The relationship of trade to GDP in low-income countries is analysed in World Development Indicators 1997, World Bank, Washington, DC, 1997, pp 292-295 and Table 6.1.
24. For Ruggiero's plea at the Lyons summit, see Financial Times, 1 July 1996. See also Financial Times, 4 June 1997 on WTO preparatory meeting on least-developed countries. The Communiqué issued by the Eight (G7 plus Russia) at Denver on 22 June 1997 says no more than: 'We each will continue to improve, through various means, access to our markets for African exports' (para 57). The G7 Statement issued on 21 June uses the same language for least-developed countries (para 32). The texts are accessible on www.g7. utoronto.ca.
25. For Ruggiero's plea at the Lyons summit, see Financial Times, 1 July 1996. See also Financial Times, 4 June 1997 on WTO preparatory meeting on least-developed countries. The Communiqué issued by the Eight (G7 plus Russia) at Denver on 22 June 1997 says no more than: 'We each will continue to improve, through various means, access to our markets for African exports' (para 57). The G7 Statement issued on 21 June uses the same language for least-developed countries (para 32). The texts are accessible on www.g7. utoronto.ca.
26. World Investment Report 1996, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, New York and Geneva, 1996, pp 3-4, with Table 1.1, 50-59; also Annex Tables 1 and 2.
27. World Development Report: the State in a Changing World, Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1997, reported in Financial Times, 26 June 1997, p 4.
28. World Development Report: the State in a Changing World, Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1997, reported in Financial Times, 26 June 1997, p 4.
29. Financial Times, 30 September and 1 October 1996, 25 and 27 April 1997.
30. See Financial Times, 7 and 14 April, 28 May and 23 June 1997. Paras 54 to 66 of the Denver Summit Communiqué deal with Africa, op cit, Ref 10.
31. IMF World Economic Outlook for May 1997, pp 1-14.
32. World Development Report, op cit, Ref 16.