The climate signal in regional moisture fluxes: A comparison of three global data assimilation products

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 2623-2642

  Min, Wei ^a,b,c   Schubert, Siegfried ^b  

^a UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c GENERAL SCIENCES CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE SIGNAL; DROUGHT; EXTREME WEATHER; FLOOD; LOW LEVEL JET; MOISTURE FLUX;

ARGENTINA; INDIA; USA, GREAT PLAINS;

EID: 0031427975     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2623:TCSIRM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Arpe, K., 1990: Impacts of changes in the ECMWF analysis-forecasting scheme on the systematic error of the model. Ten Years of Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, Vol. 1, Shinfield Park, Reading, United Kingdom, European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, 69-114.
2. Benton, G. S., and M. A. Estoque, 1954: Water-vapor transfer over the North American continent. J. Meteor., 11, 462-477.
3. Bloom, S. C., L. L. Takacs, A. M. DaSilva, and D. Ledvina, 1996: Data assimilation using incremental analysis updates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1256-1271.
4. Bonner, W. D., 1968: Climatology of the low level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 833-850.
5. _, and J. Paegle, 1970: Diurnal variations in the boundary layer winds over the south-central United States in summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 735-744.
6. Entekhabi, D., and P. S. Eagleson, 1989: Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability. J. Climate, 2, 816-831.
7. Gibson, J. K., P. Kallberg, A. Nomura, and S. Uppala, 1994: The ECMWF re-analysis (ERA) project - Plans and current status. Preprints, 10th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, Nashville, TN, American Meteorological Society, 164-167.
8. Helfand, H. M., and J. C. Labraga, 1988: Design of a nonsingular level-2.5 second-order closure model for the prediction of atmospheric turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 113-132.
9. _, and S. D. Schubert, 1995: Climatology of the simulated Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States. J. Climate, 8, 784-806.
10. Higgins, R. W., K. C. Mo, and S. D. Schubert, 1996: The moisture budget of the central United States in spring as evaluated in the NMC/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 939-963.
11. Hollingsworth, A., D. B. Shaw, P. Lönnberg, L. Illari, K. Arpe, and A. J. Simmons, 1986: Monitoring of observation and analysis quality by a data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 861-879.
12. Janowiak, J. E., and P. A. Arkin, 1991: Rainfall variations in the tropics during 1986-1989, as estimated from observations of cloud-top temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3359-3373.
13. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1995: The NMC/NCAR Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
14. Kanamitsu, M., 1989: Description of the NMC global data assimilation and forecast system. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 334-342.
15. Kasahara, A., A. P. Mizzi, and L. J. Donner, 1994: Diabatic initialization for improvement in the tropical analysis of divergence and moisture using satellite radiometric imagery data. Tellus, 46A, 242-264.
16. Krishnamurti, T. N., J. Xue, H. S. Bedi, K. Ingles, and D. Oosterhof, 1991: Physical initialization for numerical weather prediction over the tropics. Tellus, 43AB, 53-81.
17. _, H. S. Bedi, and K. Ingles, 1993: Physical initialization using SSM/I rain rates. Tellus, 45A, 247-269.
18. _, G. Rohaly, and H. S. Bedi, 1994: On the improvement of precipitation forecast skill from physical initialization. Tellus, 46A, 598-614.
19. LeComte, D., 1986: The return of the rain: The weather of 1985. Weatherwise, 39, 8-15.
20. _, 1993: Highlights around the world. Weatherwise, 46, 14-17.
21. Louis, J. F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187-205.
22. _, M. Tiedtke, and J. F. Geleyn, 1982: A short history of the PBL parameterization at ECMWF. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 59-80.
23. Lyon, B., and R. M. Dole, 1995: A diagnostic comparison of the 1980 and 1988 U.S. summer heat wave-droughts. J. Climate, 8, 1658-1975.
24. Matsuyama, H., 1992: The water budget in the Amazon river basin during the FGGE period. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 1071-1084.
25. _, T. Oki, M. Shinoda, and K. Masuda, 1994: The seasonal change of the Congo River Basin. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 281-299.
26. Mo, K. C., and R. W. Higgins, 1996: Large scale atmospheric water vapor transport as evaluated from the NMC/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses. J. Climate, 9, 1531-1545.
27. _, J. Nogues-Paegle, and J. Paegle, 1995: Physical mechanisms of the 1993 summer floods. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 879-895.
28. Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
29. Murakami, T., T. Nakazawa, and J. He, 1984: On the 40-50 day oscillations during the 1979 Northern Hemisphere summer. Part II: Heat and moisture budget. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 469-484.
30. Namias, J., 1982: Anatomy of Great Plains protracted heat waves (especially the 1980 U.S. summer drought). Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 824-838.
31. Paegle, J., 1984: Topographically bound low-level circulations. Riv. Meteor. Aeronaut., 44, 113-125.
32. _, and T. Vukicevic, 1987: The analysis and forecast sensitivity of low-level mountain flows to input data. Preprints, Fourth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 168-174.
33. Pan, H.-L., and L. Mahrt, 1987: Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary-layer development. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 38, 185-220.
34. _, and W.-S. Wu, 1994: Implementing a mass flux convection parameterization package for the NMC medium-range forecast model. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96-98.
35. Park, C.-K., S. D. Schubert, D. J. Lamich, and Y. Kondratyeva, 1996: Monsoon rainfall in the GEOS-1 assimilation: Sensitivity to input data. Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, 61-64.
36. Parrish, D. F., and J. C. Derber, 1992: The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical interpolation analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1747-1763.
37. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1983: The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle and climate. Variations in the Global Water Budget, A. Street-Perrott et al., Eds., D. Reidel, 5-65.
38. Pfaendtner, J., S. Bloom, D. Lamich, M. Seablom, M. Sienkiewicz, J. Stobie, and A. da Silva, 1995: Documentation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System - Version 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 4, 44 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
39. Rasmusson, E. M., 1967: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America, Part I. Characteristics of the water vapor flux field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 95, 403-426.
40. _, 1968: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America, Part II. Large-scale water balance investigations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 720-734.
41. Reynolds, W. R., and D. S. Marsico, 1993: An improved real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 6, 114-119.
42. _, and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
43. Roads, J. O., S.-C. Chen, A. K. Guetter, and K. P. Georgakakos, 1994: Large-scale aspects of the United States hydrological cycle. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1589-1610.
44. Rosen, R. D., D. A. Salstein, and J. P. Peixoto, 1979: Variability in the annual fields of large-scale atmospheric water vapor transport. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 26-37.
45. Schemm, J.-K., S. Schubert, J. Terry, and S. Bloom, 1992: Estimates of monthly mean soil moisture for 1979-89. NASA Tech. Memo. 104571, 252 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
46. Schubert, S. D., and R. B. Rood, 1995: Proceedings of the workshop on the GEOS-1 five-year assimilation. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 7, 201 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
47. _, _, and J. Pfaendtner, 1993: An assimilated dataset for earth science applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2331-2342.
48. _, C.-K, Park, C.-Y. Wu, W. Higgins, Y. Kondratyeva, A. Molod, L. Takacs, M. Seablom, and R. Rood, 1995: A multiyear assimilation with the GEOS-1 system: Overview and results. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 6, 183 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
49. Spencer, R., 1993: Global oceanic precipitation from the MSU during 1979-1991, and comparisons to other climatologies. J. Climate, 6, 1301-1326.
50. Stensrud, D. J., 1996: Importance of low-level jets to climate: A review. J. Climate, 9, 1698-1711.
51. Suarez, M. J., and L. L. Takacs, 1995: Documentation of the Aries-GEOS Dynamical Core:Version 2. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 5, 58 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
52. Takacs, L. L., A. Molod, and T. Wang, 1994: Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) General Circulation Model (GCM) Version 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 1, 100 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
53. Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1777-1798.
54. Trenberth, K. E., 1991: Climate diagnostics from global analyses: Conservation of mass in ECMWF analyses. J. Climate, 4, 707-722.
55. -, 1992: Global analyses from ECMWF and atlas of 1000 to 10 mb circulation statistics. NCAR Tech. Note. NCAR/TN-373+STR, 191 pp. plus 24 fiche. [Available from NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307.]
56. _, 1995: Truncation and use of model-coordinate data. Tellus, 47A, 287-303.
57. _, and J. G. Olson, 1988: An evaluation and intercomparison of global analyses from the National Meteorological Center and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 1047-1057.
58. _, and C. J. Guillemot, 1995: Evaluation of the global atmospheric moisture budget as seen from analyses. J. Climate, 8, 2255-2272.
59. Troen, I., and L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 37, 129-148.
60. Wang, M., and J. N. Paegle, 1996: Impact of analysis uncertainty upon regional atmospheric moisture flux. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7291-7303.