The Nicaraguan network of women against violence: Using research and action for change

Reproductive Health Matters

Volumn 5, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 82-92

  Ellsberg, Mary ^a   Liljestrand, Jerker ^b   Winkvist, Anna ^b  

^a Dom Violence Res and Educ Project   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AWARENESS; FAMILY VIOLENCE; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; LAW; NICARAGUA; POLICY; POLITICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0031427059     PISSN: 09688080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0968-8080(97)90088-4     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Heise L, 1996. Violence against women: global organizing for change. Future Interventions with Battered Women and Their Families. J Edleson, Z Eisikovits (eds). Sage, London.
2. Shrader Cox E, 1994. Gender violence and women's health in Central America. Women and Violence: Realities and Responses Worldwide. Miranda Davies (ed). Zed Books, London.
3. This Convention, which was signed by all member states of the OAS in Belém do Para, Brazil (1994) and subsequently ratified by the majority, is the most farreaching document of its kind. In addition to acknowledging women's subordinate status as the primary cause of gender-based violence, it holds states responsible for acts of violence against women carried out directly by the state, as well as indirectly by private citizens, and urges them to enact measures, including legislative reforms, 'to prevent and eradicate violence, and to assist women affected by violene.' States are required to report regularly on their progress, and violations of the Convention may be reported to the Inter-American Human Rights Commission.
4. Chinchilla NS, 1994. Feminism, revolution, and transitions in Nicaragua. The Women's Movement in Latin America: Participation and Democracy. Jaquette J (ed). Westview Press, Boulder.
5. Criquillon A, 1993. The Nicaraguan Women's Movement Feminist Reflections From Within. EPICA, Washington DC.
6. Montenegro S, 1997. Un Movimiento de Mujeres en Auge. Movimiento de Mujeres en Centroamérica. Programa Regional La Corriente, Managua.
7. Kampwirth K, 1996. The mother of the Nicaraguans: Doña Violeta and the UNO's gender agenda. Latin American Perspectives. 23(88):67-86.
8. Morales CE, 1995. Formatión Cívica y Social, Tomo 1. Publicaciones San Jerónimo, 1995.
9. Wessel L, 1991. Reproductive rights in Nicaragua: from the Sandinistas to the government of Violeta Chamorro. Feminist Studies. 17:537-49.
10. Ocon MD, 1993. Servicios Alternativos de Salud de la Mujer en Nicaragua. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Managua.
11. Red Feminista Latinoamericana y del Caribe Contra la Violencia Doméstica y Sexual: Boletìn. 1997; 17.
12. November 25 was designated as the Day of Non-Violence against Women at the first Latin American and Caribbean Feminist Conference in 1981, to commemorate the deaths of the Mirabal sisters, killed in 1960 in the Dominican Republic by the Trujillo dictatorship. Subsequently this was expanded to '16 Days of Action' to link November 25 with International Human Rights Day on December 10.
13. Wessel L, 1997. Providing sanctuary for battered women: Nicaragua's casas de la mujer. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 18:455-76.
14. Stephens B, 1990. A developing legal system grapples with an ancient problem: Rape in Nicaragua. Rutgers University School of Law. New Brunswick.
15. The Nicaraguan Penal Code, which dates back to the 19th century, bases its definition of assault and battery not on the act of aggression (as in the USA, Britain and many other countries) but rather on the degree of physical injury caused by the assault.
16. Tratamiento Policial y Judicial a las Víctimas de Violencia Sexual e Intrafamiliar. Centro Nicaraguense de Derechos Humanos. Managua, 1996.
17. Nelson S, 1996. Constructing and negotiating gender in women's police stations in Brazil. Latin American Perspectives, 23:131-48.
18. Vigiladas y Castigadas. Comité Latinoamericano para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Mujer. Lima, 1993.
19. Ellsberg M et al, 1996. Confites en el Infierno: Prevalencia y Características de la Violencia Conyugal hacia las Mujeres. Asociación de Mujeres Profesionales, Managua.
20. Ellsberg M et al, 1997. Emotional distress and domestic violence: results from a population based study in Nicaragua. American Psychologist. (In press)
21. For example, acts such as shouting at your wife in public, pushing and shoving, not giving her money for the house, beatings that leave scars, beatings during pregnancy, persuading her to have sex when she isn't in the mood, forcing her to have sex by physically holding her down, having sex outside of marriage, etc.
22. Resultados Preliminares de la Consulta para la Reforma al Código Penal para Prevenir y Sancionar la Violencia Intrafamiliar. Red de Mujeres contra la Violencia. Managua. 1996.
23. Texto y Explicación de la Ley No. 230: Reformas y Adiciones al Codigo Penal para Prevenir y Sancionar la Violencia Intrafamiliar. Red de Mujeres contra la Violencia. Managua, 1996.
24. Chiarotti S, 1997. Estrategias Legales frente a la Violencia en America Latina y el Caribe. ISIS International. (In press)