An experimental test of interspecific competition for red-cockaded woodpecker cavities

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 61, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1268-1280

  Loeb, Susan C ^a   Hooper, Robert G ^b  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cavity use; Eastern bluebirds; Glaucomys volans; Interspecific competition; Nest boxes, Picoides borealis; Red cockaded woodpeckers; Sialia sialis; South Carolina; Southern flying squirrels

Indexed keywords

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NEST BOX; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; TREE CAVITY;

FRANCIS MARION NATINAL FOREST; SOUTH CAROLINA; USA;

GLAUCOMYS VOLANS; PICOIDES BOREALIS; SIALIA SIALIS;

EID: 0031426599     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3802126     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. ALLEN, D. H. 1991. An insert technique for constructing artificial red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-73. 19pp.
2. _, AND J. R. SWEENEY. 1990. Home range and habitat use of eastern bluebirds in South Carolina. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies 44:295-303.
3. BARBA, E., AND J. A. GIL-DELGADO. 1990. Competition for nest-boxes among four vertebrate species: an experimental study in orange groves. Holarct. Ecol. 13:183-186.
4. BARKALOW, F. S., AND R. F. SOOTS, JR. 1965. An analysis of the effect of artificial nest boxes on a gray squirrel population. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 30:351-359.
5. BEGON, M., J. L. HARPER, AND C. R. TOWNSEND. 1986. Ecology: individuals, populations and communities. Sinauer Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, Mass. 876pp.
6. BURGER, G. V. 1969. Response of gray squirrels to nest boxes at Remington Farms, Maryland. J. Wildl. Manage. 33:796-801.
7. CARTER, J. H., III, J. R. WALTERS, S. H. EVERHART, AND P. D. DOERR. 1989. Restrictors for redcockaded woodpecker cavities. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:68-72.
8. CONNER, R. N., D. C. RUDOLPH, D. SAENZ, AND R. R. SCHAEFER. 1994. Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker trees. J. Wildl. Manage. 58:728-734.
9. COPEYON, C. K. 1990. A technique for constructing cavities for the red-cockaded woodpecker. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:303-311.
10. _, J. R. WALTERS, AND J. H. CARTER, III. 1991. Induction of red-cockaded woodpecker group formation by artificial cavity construction. J. Wildl. Manage. 55:549-556.
11. DENNIS, J. V. 1971. Species using red-cockaded woodpecker holes in northeastern South Carolina. Bird-Banding 42:79-87.
12. EVERHART, S. H., P. D. DOERR, AND J. R. WALTERS. 1993. Snag density and interspecific use of redcockaded woodpecker cavities. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 109:37-44.
13. GARCIA, E. F. J. 1983. An experimental test of competition for space between blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla and garden warblers Sylvia borin in the breeding season. J. Anim. Ecol. 52:795-805.
14. GOERTZ, J. W., R. M. DAWSON, AND E. E. MOWBRAY. 1975. Response to nest boxes and reproduction by Glaucomys volans in northern Louisiana. J. Mammal. 56:933-939.
15. HARLOW, R. F., AND A. T. DOYLE. 1990. Food habits of southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) collected from red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) colonies in South Carolina. Am. Midl. Nat. 124:187-191.
16. _, R. G. HOOPER, AND M. R. LENNARTZ. 1983. Estimating numbers of red-cockaded woodpecker colonies. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:360-363.
17. _, AND M. R. LENNARTZ. 1983. Interspecific competition for red-cockaded woodpecker cavities during the nesting season in South Carolina. Pages 41-43 in D. A. Wood, ed. Proc. Red-cockaded Woodpecker Symp. II. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm., Tallahassee, Fla.
18. HEITERER, A. J. 1994. Effects of hardwood midstory on utilization of southeastern pine forests by southern flying squirrels, Glaucomys volans. M.S. Thesis, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C. 69pp.
19. HEPPELL, S. S., J. R. WALTERS, AND L. B. CROWDER. 1994. Evaluating management alternatives for red-cockaded woodpeckers: a modeling approach. J. Wildl. Manage. 58:479-487.
20. HOOK, D. D., M. A. BUFORD, AND T. M. WILLIAMS. 1991. Impact of Hurricane Hugo on the South Carolina coastal plain forest. J. Coastal Res. SI#8: 291-300.
21. HOOPER, R. G. 1983. Colony formation by red-cockaded woodpeckers: hypotheses and management implications. Pages 72-77 in D. A. Wood, ed. Proc. red-cockaded woodpecker symp. II. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm., Tallahassee, Fla.
22. _. 1988. Longleaf pines used for cavities by red-cockaded woodpeckers. J. Wildl. Manage. 52: 392-398.
23. _, D. L. KRUSAC, AND D. L. CARLSON. 1991b. An increase in a population of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 19:277-286.
24. _, AND M. R. LENNARTZ. 1983. Roosting behavior of red-cockaded woodpecker clans with insufficient cavities. J. Field Ornithol. 54:72-76.
25. _, _, AND H. D. MUSE. 1991a. Heart rot and cavity tree selection by red-rockaded woodpeckers. J. Wildl. Manage. 55:323-327.
26. _, J. C. WATSON, AND R. E. F. ESCANO. 1990. Hurricane Hugo's initial effects on red-cockaded woodpeckers in the Francis Marion National Forest. Trans. North Am. Natl. Resour. Wildl. Conf. 55:220-224.
27. INGOLD, D. J. 1989. Nesting phenology and competition for nest sites among red-headed and redbellied woodpeckers and European starlings. Auk 106:209-217.
28. _. 1994. Influence of nest-site competition between European starlings and woodpeckers. Wilson Bull. 106:227-241.
29. JACKSON, J. A. 1978. Competition for cavities and red-cockaded woodpecker management. Pages 103-112 in S. A. Temple, ed. Endangered birds: management techniques and preservation of threatened species. Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison.
30. KAPPES, J. J. JR. 1993. Interspecific interactions associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavities at a north Florida site. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 75pp.
31. _, AND L. D. HARRIS. 1995. Interspecific competition for red-cockaded woodpecker cavities in the Apalachicola National Forest. Pages 389-393 in D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds. Red-cockaded woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management. Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Tex.
32. KIBLER, L. F. 1969. The establishment and maintenance of a bluebird nest-box project: a review and commentary. Bird-Banding 40:114-129.
33. LABRANCHE, M. S., AND J. R. WALTERS. 1994. Patterns of mortality in nests of red-cockaded woodpeckers in the sandhills of southcentral North Carolina. Wilson Bull. 106:258-271.
34. LENNARTZ, M. R., AND D. G. HECKEL. 1987. Population dynamics of a red-cockaded woodpecker population in Georgia Piedmont loblolly pine habitat. Pages 48-55 in R. Odum, ed. Proc. southeast nongame and endangered wildlife symp. Ga. Dep. Nat. Res., Athens.
35. _, R. G. HOOPER, AND R. F. HARLOW. 1987. Sociality and cooperative breeding of red-cockaded woodpeckers, Picoides borealis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 20:77-88.
36. LICON, J. D. 1970. Behavior and breeding biology of the red-cockaded woodpecker. Auk 87:255-278.
37. LOEB, S. C. 1993. Use and selection of red-cockaded woodpecker cavities by southern flying squirrels. J. Wildl. Manage. 57:329-335.
38. LOTTER, D. M. 1997. Factors influencing southern flying squirrel use of red-cockaded woodpecker cavities at Savannah River Site, S.C. M.S. Thesis, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C. 58pp.
39. MCCOMB, W. C., AND R. E. NOBLE. 1981. Nest-box and natural-cavity use in three mid-south forest habitats. J. Wildl. Manage. 45:93-101.
40. MINOT, E. O., AND C. M. PERRINS. 1986. Interspecific interference competition-nest sites for blue and great tits. J. Anim. Ecol. 55:331-350.
41. MUNRO, H. L., AND R. C. ROUNDS. 1985. Selection of artificial nest sites by five sympatric passerines. J. Wildl. Manage. 49:264-276.
42. MUUL, I. 1968. Behavioral and physiological influences on the distribution of the flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. 134, Univ. Mich., Ann Arbor. 66pp.
43. NILSSON, S. G. 1984. The evolution of nest-site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predation and competition. Ornis Scand. 15:167-175.
44. _. 1986. Evolution of hole-nesting birds: on balancing selection pressures. Auk 103:432-435.
45. PINKOWSKI, B. C. 1976. Use of tree cavities by nesting eastern bluebirds. J. Wildl. Manage. 40:556-563.
46. ROSENBERG, D. K., J. D. FRASER, AND D. F. STAUFFER. 1988. Use and characteristics of snags in young and old forest stands in southwest Virginia. For. Sci. 34:224-228.
47. RUDOLPH, D. C., R. N. CONNER, AND J. TURNER. 1990. Competition for red-cockaded woodpecker roost and nest cavities: effects of resin age and entrance diameter. Wilson Bull. 23-36.
48. SABIN, G. R. 1991. Snag dynamics and utilization by wildlife in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. M.S. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C. 49pp.
49. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1989. SAS/STAT users guide, Version 6. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, N.C. 1028pp.
50. SAWYER, S. L., AND R. K. ROSE. 1985. Homing in and ecology of the southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans in southeastern Virginia. Am. Midl. Nat. 113:238-244.
51. SCHOENER, T. W. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. Am. Nat. 122:240-285.
52. SHORT, L. L. 1979. Burdens of the picid hole-excavating habit. Wilson Bull. 91:16-28.
53. SONENSHINE, D. E., D. G. CERRETANI, AND G. ENLOW. 1973. Improved methods for capturing wild flying squirrels. J. Wildl. Manage. 37: 588-590.
54. STOJEBA, R. C. 1978. Nest box utilization by the southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans L. and related life history information in relation to habitat factors. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Missouri, St. Louis. 84pp.
55. STONE, K. D., G. A. HEIDT, W. H. BALTOSSER, AND P. T. CASTER. 1996. Factors affecting nest box use by southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) and gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). Am. Midl. Nat. 135:9-13.
56. TAYLOR, W. E., AND R. G. HOOPER. 1991. A modification of Copeyon's drilling technique for making artificial red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-72. 31pp.
57. U. S. FOREST SERVICE. 1985. Final environmental impact statement land and resources management plan. Francis Marion and Sumter National Forests, Columbia, S.C. 560pp.
58. VON HAARTMAN, L. 1957. Adaptation in hole-nesting birds. Evolution 11:339-347.
59. _. 1971. Population dynamics. Pages 391-459 in D. S. Farner and J. R. King, eds. I. Avian biology. Acad. Press, New York, N.Y.
60. WALTERS, J. R. 1990. The red-cockaded woodpecker: a "primitive" cooperative breeder. Pages 67-101 in P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig, eds. Cooperative breeding in birds: long-term studies of ecology and behavior. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
61. _, P. D. DOERR, AND J. H. CARTER, III. 1988. The cooperative breeding system of the red-cockaded woodpecker. Ethology 78:275-305.
62. WATSON, J. C., R. G. HOOPER, D. L. CARLSON, W. E. TAYLOR, AND T. E. MILLING. 1995. Restoration of the red-cockaded woodpecker population on the Francis Marion National Forest: three years post Hugo. Pages 172-181 in D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, eds. Red-cockaded woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management. Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, Tex.
63. WEIGL, P. D. 1978. Resource overlap, interspecific interactions and the distribution of the flying squirrels, Glaucomys volans and G. sabrinus. Am. Midl. Nat. 100:83-96.
64. WEITZEL, N. H. 1988. Nest-site competition between the European starling and native breeding birds in northwestern Nevada. Condor 90: 515-517.
65. WILLNER, G. R., J. E. GATES, AND W. J. DEVLIN. 1983. Nest box use by cavity nesting birds. Am. Midl. Nat. 109:194-201.