Distinguishing between the Effects of Swing Ratio and Bias on Outcomes in the US Electoral College, 1900-1992

Electoral Studies

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 471-487

  Grofman, Bernard ^a   Brunell, Thomas ^a   Campagna, Janet ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well Being   (United States)

Author keywords

Bias; Elections; Proportional representation; Swing ratio

Indexed keywords

ELECTORAL COLLEGE; ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL TRENDS; SWING RATIO; VOTING BEHAVIOUR;

USA;

EID: 0031420801     PISSN: 02613794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0261-3794(97)00047-4     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Abramowitz, A. I. (1983) Partisan redistricting and the 1982 congressional elections. Journal of Politics 45, 767-770.
2. Aistrup, J. A. (1996) The Southern Strategy Revisited: Republican Top-down Advancement in the South. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
3. Balinski, M. L. and Young, H. P. (1982) Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
4. Black, E. and Black, M. (1987) Politics and Society in the South. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
5. Black, E. and Black, M. (1992) The Vital South: How Presidents are Elected. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
6. Brady, D. W. and Grofman, B. (1991) Modeling the determinants of swing ratio and bias in U.S. house elections, 1850-1980. Political Geography Quarterly 10, 254-262.
7. Campagna, J. C. and Grofman, B. (1990) Party control and partisan bias in 1980s congressional redistricting. Journal of Politics 52, 1242-1257.
8. Clubb, J. M., Flanigan, W. H. and Zingale, N. H. (1980) Partisan Realignment: Voters, Parties, and Government in American History. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
9. Dahl, R. A. (1956) Preface to Democratic Theory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
10. Garand, J. C. and Parent, T. W. (1991) Representation, swing and bias In U.S. presidential elections, 1972-1988. American Journal of Political Science 35, 1011-1031.
11. Gelman, A. and King, G. (1994a) A unified method of evaluating electoral systems and redistricting plans. American Journal of Political Science 38, 514-554.
12. Gelman, A. and King, G. (1994) Judgelt (computer program available free via anonymous FTP from latte:harvard.edu.).
13. Grofman, B. (1982) For single-member districts, random is not equal. In Representation and Redistricting Issues, ed. B. Grofman, A. Lijphart, R. McKay and H. Scarrow, pp. 55-58. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
14. Grofman, B. (1983) Measures of bias and proportionality in seats-votes relationships. Political Methodology 9, 295-327.
15. Grofman, B., Koetzle, W. and Brunell, T. (forthcoming) An integrated perspective on the three potential sources of partisan bias: malapportionment, turnout differences, and the geographic distribution of party vote shares. Electoral Studies.
16. Gudgin, G. and Taylor, P. J. (1979) Seats, Votes and the Spatial Organization of Elections. Pion, London.
17. King, G. and Browning, R. X. (1987) Democratic representation and partisan bias in congressional elections. American Political Science Review 81, 1251-1273.
18. King, G. and Gelman, A. (1991) Systemic consequences of incumbency advantage in United States house elections. American Journal of Political Science February, 110-138.
19. Niemi, R. G. and Abramowitz, A. I. (1994) Partisan redistricting and the 1992 congressional elections. Journal of Politics 56, 811-817.
20. Niemi, R. G. and Deegan, J. (1978) A theory of political districting. American Political Science Review 72, 1304-1323.
21. Schneider, W. (1988) An insider's view of the election. Atlantic Monthly July, 29-57.
22. Taagepera, R. (1973) Seats and votes: a generalization of the cube law of elections. Social Science Research 2, 257-275.
23. Tufte, E. R. (1973) The relationship between seats and votes in two-party systems. American Political Science Review 67, 540-547.