Late Holocene sedimentation in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, and its paleoseismic implications

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 34, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 1345-1357

  Blais Stevens, A ^a   Clague, J J ^b,c   Bobrowsky, P T ^a   Patterson, R T ^d  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^c SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS FLOW; HOLOCENE; PALAEOSEISMICITY; SEDIMENTATION; VARVE;

CANADA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER ISLAND, SAANICH INLET;

EID: 0031419810     PISSN: 00084077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/e17-107     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams, J. 1990. Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone - evidence from turbidites off the Oregon-Washington margin. Tectonics, 9: 569-583.
2. Anderson, J.J., and Devol, A.H. 1973. Deep water renewal in Saanich Inlet, an intermittently anoxic basin. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 1: 1-10.
3. Arnott, R.W.C., and Hand, B.M. 1989. Bedforms, primary structures and grain fabric in the presence of suspended sediment rain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 59: 1062-1069.
4. Atwater, B.F. 1987. Evidence for great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State. Science (Washington, D.C.), 236: 942-944.
5. Atwater, B.F. 1992. Geologic evidence for earthquakes during the past 2000 years along the Copalis River, southern coastal Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97: 1901 - 1919.
6. Atwater, B.F., and Hemphill-Haley, E. 1996. Preliminary estimates of recurrence intervals for great earthquakes of the past 3500 years at northeastern Willapa Bay, Washington. United States Geological Survey, Open-file Report 96-001.
7. Atwater, B.F., and Moore, A.L. 1992. A tsunami about 1000 years ago in Puget Sound, Washington. Science (Washington, D.C.), 258: 1614-1616.
8. Atwater, B.F., Nelson, A.R., Clague, J.J., et al. 1995. Summary of coastal geologic evidence for past great earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Earthquake Spectra, 11: 1-18.
9. Banks, S. 1997. Geotechnical analysis of two sites offshore Vancouver Island, British Columbia: establishing the frequency of major earthquakes since the last Ice Age through 100% borehole recovery. B.Sc. thesis. Technical University, Halifax, N.S.
10. Blais, A. 1992. Holocene sediments from Saanich Inlet, British Columbia and their neotectonic implications. In Current research, part A. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 92-1A, pp. 195-198.
11. Biais, A. 1995. Foraminiferal biofacies and Holocene sediments from Saanich Inlet, British Columbia: implications for environmental and neotectonic research. Ph.D. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.
12. Bobrowsky, P.T., and Clague, J.J. 1990. Holocene sediments from Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, and their neotectonic implications. In Current research, part E. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 90-1E, pp. 251-256.
13. Bucknam, R.C., Hemphill-Haley, E., and Leopold, E.B. 1992. Abrupt uplift within the past 1700 years at southern Puget Sound, Washington. Science (Washington, D.C.), 258: 1611-1613.
14. Carter, N.M. 1934. Physiography and oceanography of some British Columbia fiords. Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Science Congress, Pacific Science Association, Vancouver, B.C., Vol. 1, pp. 721-733.
15. Clague, J.J. 1995. Early historical and ethnographical accounts of large earthquakes and tsunamis on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia. In Current research, part A. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 95-1A, pp. 47-50.
16. Clague, J.J., and Bobrowsky, P.T. 1994a. Evidence for a large earthquake and tsunami 100-400 years ago on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Quaternary Research, 41: 176-184.
17. Clague, J.J., and Bobrowsky, P.T. 1994b. Tsunami deposits beneath tidal marshes on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106: 1293-1303.
18. Clague, J.J., Naesgaard, E., and Sy, A. 1992. Liquefaction features on the Fraser delta: evidence for prehistoric earthquakes? Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29: 1734-1745.
19. Darienzo, M.E., and Peterson, C.D. 1990. Episodic tectonic subsidence of late Holocene salt marshes, northern Oregon, central Cascadia margin. Tectonics, 9: 1-22.
20. 210Pb in lake marine sediments. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 29: 531-536.
21. Gross, M.G., Gucluer, S.M., Creager, J.S., and Dawson, W.A. 1963. Varved marine sediments in a stagnant fjord. Science (Washington, D.C.), 141: 918-919.
22. Gucluer, S.M., and Gross, M.G. 1964. Recent marine sediments in Saanich Inlet, a stagnant marine basin. Limnology and Oceanography, 9: 359-376.
23. Herlinveaux, R.H. 1962. Oceanography of Saanich Inlet in Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19: 1-37.
24. Hyndman, R.D. 1995. Giant earthquakes of the Pacific Northwest. Scientific American, 273(6): 68-75.
25. Jacoby, G.C., Williams, P.L., and Buckley, B.M. 1992. Tree ring correlation between prehistoric landslides and abrupt tectonic events in Seattle, Washington. Science (Washington, D.C.). 258: 1621-1623.
26. Johnson, A.M., and Rodine, J.R. 1984. Debris flow. In Slope instability. Edited by D. Brunsden and D.B. Prior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 257-361.
27. Karlin, R.E., and Abella, S.E.B. 1992. Paleoearthquakes in the Puget Sound region recorded in sediments from Lake Washington, U.S.A. Science (Washington, D.C.), 258: 1617-1619.
28. Karlin, R.E., and Abella, S.E.B. 1996. A history of Pacific Northwest earthquakes recorded in Holocene sediments from Lake Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101: 6137-6150.
29. Lewis, T. 1974. Heat production measurements in rocks using gamma ray spectrometer with a solid state detector. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11: 526-532.
30. Mathewes, R.W., and Clague, J.J. 1994. Detection of large prehistoric earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest by microfossil analysis. Science (Washington, D.C.), 264: 688-691.
31. Middleton, G.V., and Hampton, M.A. 1976. Subaqueous sediment transport and deposition of sediment gravity flows, in Marine transport and environmental management. Edited by D.J. Stanley and D.J.P. Swift. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, pp. 197-218.
32. Obermeier, S. F. 1995. Preliminary estimates of the strength of prehistoric shaking in the Columbia River valley and the southern half of coastal Washington, with emphasis for a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake of about 300 years ago. United States Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-589.
33. Riddihough, R.P., and Hyndman, R.W. 1976. Canada's active western margin - the case for subduction. Geoscience Canada, 3: 269-278.
34. Robinson, S.W., and Thompson, G. 1981. Radiocarbon corrections for marine shell dates with application to southern Pacific Northwest Coast prehistory. Syesis, 14: 45-57.
35. Rogers, G.C. 1980. A documentation of soil failure during the British Columbia earthquake of 23 June, 1946. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 17: 122-127.
36. Rogers, G.C. 1988. An assessment of the megathrust earthquake potential of the Cascadia subduction zone. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25: 844-852.
37. Rogers, G.C. 1994. Earthquakes in Vancouver. In Geology and geological hazards of the Vancouver region, southwestern British Columbia. Edited by J.W.H. Monger. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 481, pp. 221-229.
38. Rogers, G.C., and Hasewaga, H.S. 1978. A second look at the British Columbia earthquake of 23 June 1946. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 68: 653-675.
39. Sancetta, C. 1989. Spatial and temporal trends of diatom flux in British Columbian fjords. Journal of Plankton Research, 11: 503-520.
40. Sancetta, C., and Calvert, S.E. 1988. The annual cycle of sedimentation in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia: implications for the interpretation of diatom fossil assemblages. Deep-Sea Research, 35: 71-90.
41. Schuster, R.L., Logan, R.L., and Pringle, P.T. 1992. Prehistoric rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. Science (Washington, D.C.), 258: 1620-1621.
42. Shedlock, K.M., and Weaver, C.S. 1991. Program for earthquake hazards assessment in the Pacific Northwest. United States Geological Survey, Circular 1067.
43. Sims, J.D. 1975. Determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. Tectonophysics, 29: 141-152.
44. Stucchi, D.J., and Giovando, L.F. 1984. Deep water renewal in Saanich Inlet, B.C. In Proceedings of a multidisciplinary symposium on Saanich Inlet, 2nd February, 1983. Edited by S.K. Juniper and R.O. Brinkhurst. Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, No. 38, pp. 7-15.
45. 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 BC. Radiocarbon, 35: 137-189.
46. Stuiver, M., and Pearson, G.W. 1993. High-precision bidecal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, A.D. 1950 - 500 B.C. and 2500-6000 B.C. Radiocarbon, 35: 1-23.
47. 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 35: 215-230.