A global three-dimensional chemical transport model 2. Nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbon results

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 17, 1997, Pages 21281-21296

  Jaffe, Daniel A ^a   Berntsen, Terje K ^b   Isaksen, Ivar S A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODEL; NITROGEN OXIDES; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0031418952     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd03400     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. 2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 1° × 1° resolution, Atmos.Environ., 28, 213-225, 1994.
2. Atlas, E.L., and B.A. Ridley, The Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment: Introduction, J.Geophys.Res., 101, 14,531-14,541, 1996.
3. y species during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment, J.Geophys.Res., 97, 10,449-10,462, 1992.
4. y concentrations and fluxes over Arctic tundra., J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16,545-16,557, 1992.
5. Berntsen, T., and I.S.A. Isaksen, A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and ozone results., J.Geophys.Res, this issue.
6. Berntsen, T.K., Two- and three-dimensional model calculations of the photochemistry of the troposphere, Ph.D. Scient thesis, Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 1994.
7. x measurements in clean continental air and analysis of the contributing meteorology, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9623-9631, 1984.
8. Bottenheim, J.W., L.A. Barrie, and E. Atlas, The partitioning of nitrogen oxides in the lower Arctic troposphere during spring 1988, J. Atmos. Chem., 17, 15-28, 1993.
9. 3 ambient air concentrations at Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, J. Geophys.Res., 100, 2867-2881, 1995
10. Bottenheim, J.W., A. Sirois, K.A. Brice, and A.J. Gallant, Five years of continuous observations of PAN and ozone at a rural location in eastern Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5333-5352, 1994.
11. x emissions by subsonic aircraft: A three-dimensional model study, J.Geophys.Res., 101, 1423-1428, 1996a.
12. Brasseur, G.P., D.A. Hauglustaine, and S. Walters, Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations., J.Geophys.Res., 101, 14,795-14,813, 1996b.
13. Brice, K.A., J.W. Bottonheim, K.G. Anlauf, and H.A. Wiebe, Long-term measurements of atmospheric peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) at rural sites in Ontario and Nova Scotia: Seasonal variations and long-range transport, Tellus, Ser. B, 40B, 408-425, 1988.
14. Buhr, M.P., D.D. Parrish, R.B. Norton, F.C. Fehsenfeld, R.E. Sievers, and J.M. Roberts, Contribution of organic nitrates to the total reactive nitrogen budget at a rural eastern U.S. site, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9809-9816, 1990.
15. x in the non-urban troposphere, in Current Problems and Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry, World Sci. Tiver Edge, N.J., In press, 1997.
16. x over the eastern Pacific and continental U.S. and implications for ozone production, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10,205-10,233, 1990.
17. Carroll, M.A., B.A. Ridley, D.D. Montzka, G.W. Hubler, J.G. Walega, R.B. Norton, B.J. Huebert, and F.E. Grahek, Measurements of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,361-10,374, 1992.
18. 2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2053-2072, 1996.
19. y Blue Ribbon panel, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2049-2052, 1996.
20. 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 7, 443-472, 1979.
21. Crutzen, P.J., Tropospheric ozone: An overview., in Tropospheric Ozone Regional and Global Scale Interactions, edited by I.S.A. Isaksen, pp. 3-32, D.Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1988.
22. 3, and OH, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7149-7163, 1993.
23. x emissions from fossil fuels: A global distribution, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26A, 1157-1163, 1992.
24. x pollution from biomass burning. Proceedings of the 11th conference on fire and forest meteorology, Missoula, MT, April 16-19, 1991, Rep. UCRL-JC-104735, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Livermore, Calif., 1991.
25. Doddridge, B.G., R.R. Dickerson, R.G. Wardell, K.L. Civerolo, and L.J. Nunnermacker, Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia, 2., Reactive nitrogen compounds, J.Geophys.Res., 97, 20,631-20,646, 1992.
26. y) at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J.Geophys.Res., 91, 9781-9793, 1986.
27. y measurement techniques., J.Geophys.Res., 92, 14,710-14,722, 1987.
28. x in the non-urban troposphere, in Tropospheric Ozone: Regional and Global Scale Interactions, edited by I.S.A. Isaksen, pp. 185-215, D.Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1988.
29. 2 measurement techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3579-3597, 1990.
30. Fishman, J., S. Solomon, and P.J. Crutzen, Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone, Tellus, 31, 432-446, 1979.
31. Greenberg, J.P., P.R. Zimmerman, W.F. Pollock, R.A. Lueb, and L.E. Heid, Diurnal variability of atmospheric methane, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide at Mauna Loa, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,393-10.413, 1992.
32. Honrath, R.E., and D.A. Jaffe, The seasonal cycle of nitrogen oxides in the Arctic troposphere at Barrow, Alaska., J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,615-20,630, 1992.
33. 5 hydrocarbons in rural south Norway, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25A, 1981-1991, 1991.
34. 3 and CO: Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,427-10,447, 1992.
35. 3 and estimation of the ozone production rate at Oki Island, Japan, during PEM-West, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2037-2048, 1996.
36. 5 alkanes and acetylene at a remote boreal site in Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1589-1599, 1994.
37. y From sub-sonic aircraft emissions: A global three-dimensional model study, Geophys.Res.Lett., 20, 1707-1710, 1993.
38. y distributions from fossil fuel combustion emissions: A model study, J.Geophys.Res., 98, 7165-7180, 1993.
39. y species in the Adirondacks, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1315-1332, 1989.
40. Kourtidis, K.A., P. Fabian, C. Zerefos, and B. Rappengluck, Peroxyaceryl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) and PAN/ozone ration measurements at three sites in Germany, Tellus, Ser. b, 458, 442-457, 1993.
41. Krognes, T., J. Christensen, N.Z. Heidam, O.H. Manscher, T. Koskinen, H. Lattila, F. Flatoy, O Hov, H. Areskoug, and M. Ferm, Long range transport of oxidants and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere over Scandinavia., NILU Rep. OR 35/91, Norwegian Inst. for Air Research. Kjeller, Norway. 1992.
42. Lightman, P., A.S. Kallend, A.R.W. Marsh, B.M.R. Jones, and S.A. Penkett, Seasonal variations of hydrocarbons in the free troposphere at mid-latitudes., Tellus, Ser. B, 42B, 408-422, 1990.
43. Logan, J.A., Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends and anthropogenic influence., J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10,463-10,482, 1985.
44. Logan, J.A., Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: An analysis of ozonesonde data, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,553-25,585, 1994.
45. x, J.Geophys.Res., 101, 12,621-12,638, 1996.
46. Müller, J.F., and G. Brasseur, IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,445-16,490, 1995.
47. 2) at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1817-1836, 1990.
48. Parrish, D.D., et al., The total reactive oxidized nitrogen levels and the partitioning between the individual species at six rural sites in eastern North America., J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2927-2939, 1993.
49. Prather, M., M. McElroy, S. Wofsy, G. Russel, and D. Rind, Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6579-6613, 1987.
50. 3 and global OH concentrations, Science, 269, 187-192, 1995.
51. Rasmussen, R.A., M.A.K. Khalil, and R.J. Fox, Altitudinal and temporal variation of hydrocarbons and other gaseous tracers of Arctic haze, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 144-147, 1983.
52. Ridley, B.A., Recent measurements of oxidized nitrogen compounds in the troposphere, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25A, 1905-1926, 1991.
53. Ridley, B.A., et al., The behavior of some organic nitrate at Boulder and Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J.Geophys.Res., 95, 13,949-13,961, 1990.
54. Ridley, B.A., S. Madronich, R.B. Chatfield, J.G. Walega, R.E. Shetter, M.A. Carroll, and D.D. Montzka, Measurements and model simulations of the photostationary state during the Mauna Loa Observatory Experiment: Implications for radical concentrations and ozone production and loss rates, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,375-10,388, 1992.
55. 3 during the summer monsoon season over New Mexico, J.Geophys.Res. 99, 25,519-25,534, 1994.
56. y distributions and partitioning over Alaska: Arctic boundary layer expedition 3A, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16,481-16,509, 1992.
57. Shepson, P.B., J.W. Bottenheim, D.R. Hastie, and A. Venkatram, Determination of the relative ozone and PAN deposition velocities at night, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1121-1124, 1992.
58. Singh, H.B., D. O'Hara, D. Herlth, J.D. Bradshaw, S.T. Sandholm, G.L. Gregory, G.W. Sache, D.R. Blake, P.J. Crutzen, and M.A. Kanakidou, Atmospheric measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate and other organic nitrates at high latitudes: Possible sources and sinks, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16,511-16,522, 1992.
59. Singh, H.B., et al., Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: Distribution, partitioning, and sources, J.Geophys.Res., 101, 1793-1808, 1996.
60. Solberg, S., N. Schmidbauer, C. Dye, U. Pedersen, and J. Schang, VOC measurements August 1992- June 1993. Norwegian Inst. for Air Research, Liliestrom, Norway. (EMEP/CCC Rep. 6/93). Norwegian Inst. for Air Research. Kjeller, Norway. 1993.
61. Stedman, D.H., and R.E. Shetter, The global budget of atmospheric nitrogen species, in Trace Atmospheric Constituents, pp. 411-454, John Wiley, New York, 1983.
62. Wunderli, S., and R. Gehrig, Influence of temperature on formation and stability of surface PAN and ozone: A two year field study in Switzerland, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25A, 1599-1608, 1991.