Spring feeding on ungulate carcasses by grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 61, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1040-1055

  Green, Gerald I ^a   Mattson, David J ^b   Peek, James M ^b  

^a University of Idaho ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

Bison; Black bears; Bos bison; Carcasses; Cervus elaphus; Elk; Grizzly bears; Scavenging; Ursus arctos; Winter mortality; Yellowstone National Park

Indexed keywords

CARCASS; FEEDING BEHAVIOUR; GRIZZLY BEAR; SCAVENGING;

USA; WYOMING; YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK;

CANIS LATRANS; URSUS AMERICANUS; URSUS ARCTOS HORRIBILIS;

EID: 0031416912     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3802101     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. ARCHIBALD, W. R., R. ELLIS, AND A. N. HAMILTON. 1987. Responses of grizzly bears to logging truck traffic in the Kimsquit River Valley, British Columbia. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 7:251-257.
2. ARNOLD, B. 1930. Cannibal bear. Yellowstone Nat. Notes 7:54.
3. AUNE, K. E. 1994. Comparative ecology of black and grizzly bears on the Rocky Mountain Front, Montana. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 9:365-374.
4. BLANCHARD, B. 1987. Size and growth patterns of the Yellowstone grizzly bear. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 7:99-107.
5. BYERS, C. R., R. K. STEINHORST, AND P. R. KRAUSMAN. 1984. Clarification of a technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:1050-1053.
6. CHITTENDEN, H. M. 1892. Report of engineers. Cited by A. L. Haines 1977. The Yellowstone story II. p. 255. Yellowstone Libr. and Mus. Assoc. Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo. 545pp.
7. CRAIGHEAD, F. C., J. J. CRAIGHEAD, R. L. RUFF, AND B. W. O'GARA. 1973. Home ranges and activity patterns of nonmigratory elk of the Madison drainage herd as determined by biotelemetry. Wildl. Monogr. 33. 50pp.
8. CRAIGHEAD, J. J., J. S. SUMNER, AND J. A. MITCHELL. 1995. The grizzly bears of Yellowstone: their ecology in the Yellowstone ecosystem, 1959-1992. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 535pp.
9. DELGIUDICE, G. D., F. J. SINGER, AND U. S. SEAL. 1991. Physiological assessment of winter nutritional deprivation in elk of Yellowstone National Park. J. Wildl. Manage. 55:653-664.
10. _, _, _, AND G. BOWSER. 1994. Physiological responses of Yellowstone bison to winter nutritional deprivation. J. Wildl. Manage. 58:24-34.
11. DEMARIS, A. 1992. Logit modeling: practical applications. SAGE Publ., Newbury Park, Calif. 87pp.
12. DESPAIN, D. G. 1987. The two climates of Yellowstone National Park. Proc. Mont. Acad. Sci. 47: 11-20.
13. _. 1990. Yellowstone vegetation: consequences of environment and history in a natural setting. Roberts Rinehart, Inc., Boulder, Colo. 239pp.
14. DIRKS, R. Y., AND B. E. MARTNER. 1982. The climate of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Occ. Pap. 6. 26pp.
15. GREEN, G. I. 1994. Use of spring carrion by bears in Yellowstone National Park. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 161pp.
16. GUNTHER, K. A. 1994. Bear management area program, Yellowstone National Park. Information paper BMO-5. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo. 4pp.
17. HORNOCKER, M. G. 1962. Population characteristics and social and reproductive behavior of the grizzly bear in Yellowstone National Park. M.S. Thesis, Mont. State Univ., Bozeman. 94pp.
18. HOUSTON, D. B. 1978. Elk as winter-spring food for carnivores in northern Yellowstone Park. J. Appl. Ecol. 15:653-661.
19. _. 1979. The northern Yellowstone elk - winter distribution and management. Pages 263-272 in: M. S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds. North American elk: ecology, behavior and management. Univ. Wyo., Laramie.
20. _. 1982. The Northern Yellowstone elk: ecology and management. Macmillan Publ. Co., New York, N.Y. 474pp.
21. JUDD, S. L., R. R. KNIGHT, AND B. BLANCHARD. 1986. Denning of grizzly bears in the Yellowstone area. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 5:166-173.
22. KASWORM, W. F., AND T. L. MANLY. 1990. Road and trail influences on grizzly bears and black bears in northwest Montana. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 8:79-84.
23. MACK, J. A., AND F. J. SINGER. 1992. Population models for elk, mule deer, and moose on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Pages 4.2-4.41 in J. D. Varley and W. G. Bruester eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. IV. Research and analysis. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo.
24. MANLY, B. F. J., L. L. MCDONALD, AND D. L. THOMAS. 1993. Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies. Chapman and Hall. New York, N.Y. 177pp.
25. MATTSON, D. J. 1997. Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos. Biol. Conserv. 81:161-177.
26. _, B. M. Blanchard, and R. R. Knight. 1991. Food habits of Yellowstone grizzly bears, 1977-1987. Can. J. Zool. 69:1619-1629.
27. _, AND R. R. KNIGHT. 1992. Spring bear use of the Firehole River drainage of Yellowstone National Park. Pages 5.93-5.120 in J. D. Varley and W. G. Bruester eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. IV. Research and analysis. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo.
28. _, _, AND B. M. BLANCHARD. 1987. The effects of developments and primary roads on grizzly bear habitat use in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 7:259-273.
29. _, _, AND _. 1992. Cannibalism and predation on black bears by grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem, 1975-1990. J. Mammal. 73:422-425.
30. _, AND D. P. REINHART. 1994. Bear use of whitebark pine seeds in North America. Pages 212-220 in W. C. Schmidt and F.-K. Holtmeier, comp. Proc. - international workshop on subalpine stone pines and their environment: the status of our knowledge. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-309.
31. MCLELLAN, B. N., AND D. M. SHACKLETON. 1988. Grizzly bears and resource-extraction industries: effects of roads on behavior, habitat use and demography. J. Appl. Ecol. 25:451-460.
32. MEAGHER, M. M. 1973. The bison of Yellowstone National Park. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Sci. Monogr. Ser. 1. 161pp.
33. _. 1989. Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park. J. Mammal. 70:670-675.
34. MILLER, R. G. 1981. Simultaneous statistical inference. Second ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y. 299pp.
35. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 1994. Yellowstone National Park annual bear management plan. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo. 54pp.
36. PAC, H. I., AND K. FREY. 1991. Some population characteristics of the northern Yellowstone bison herd during the winter of 1988-1989. Mont. Dep. Fish, Wildl. and Parks, Helena, Mont. 29pp.
37. QUIMBY, D. C., AND J. E. GAAB. 1957. Mandibular dentition as an age indicator in Rocky Mountain elk. J. Wildl. Manage. 21:435-451.
38. REAL, L. A. 1977. The kinetics of functional response. Am. Nat. 111:289-300.
39. REINHART, D., AND D. MATTSON. 1990. Bear use of cutthroat trout spawning streams in Yellowstone National Park. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 8:343-350.
40. ROBINETTE, W. L., D. A. JONES, G. RODGERS, AND J. S. GASHWILER. 1957. Notes on tooth development and wear for Rocky Mountain mule deer. J. Wildl. Manage. 21:134-153.
41. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1989. SAS/STAT® user's guide. Version 6. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, N.C. 846pp.
42. SERVHEEN, C. W., AND R. R. KNIGHT. 1990. Possible effects of a restored wolf population on grizzly bears in the Yellowstone area. Pages 4.35-4.49 in J. D. Varley, ed. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. II. Research and analysis. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo.
43. SHEPPARD, J. S. 1971. The influence of geothermal temperature gradients upon vegetation patterns in Yellowstone National Park. Ph.D. Thesis, Colo. State Univ., Ft. Collins. 159pp.
44. SINGER, F. J. 1990a. Some predicted effects concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone National Park. Pages 4.3-4.34 in J. D. Varley, ed. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. II. Research and analysis. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo.
45. _. 1990b. The ungulate prey base for wolves in Yellowstone National Park I: Five species on the Northern Range, elk parkwide. Pages 2.5-2.37 in J. D. Varley, ed. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. II. Research and analysis. U.S. Natl. Park Serv., Yellowstone Natl. Park, Wyo.
46. _, W. SCHREIB, J. OPPENHEIM, AND E. O. GARTON. 1989. Drought, fires, and large mammals. BioScience 39:716-722.
47. TURNER, M. G., Y. Wu, L. L. WALLACE, W. H. ROMME, AND A. BRENKERT. 1994. Simulating winter interactions among ungulates, vegetation, and fire in Northern Yellowstone Park. Ecol. Appl. 4:472-496.
48. WALD, A. 1943. Tests of statistical hypotheses concerning general hypotheses when the number of observations is large. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 54: 426-482.
49. WRIGHT, R. G. 1992. Wildlife research and management in the National Parks. Univ. Ill. Press, Urbana. 224pp.
50. ZAR, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Second ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Engelwood Cliffs, N.J. 718pp.