Turkestan and pan-Turkism revisited

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 339-351

  Hyman, Anthony ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHNIC IDENTITY; NATIONALISM; REGIONAL POLITICS; TURKIC PEOPLE;

ASIA, (CENTRAL);

EID: 0031414151     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634939708400995     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Some scholars refer to a fourth Turkestan having existed historically, in the form of the Turkic-speaking lands of eastern Anatolia and Azerbaijan from the time of Shah Ismail.
2. Paul B. Henze, The Transcaucasus in Transition. A Rand Note (Santa Monica: Rand Corporation California, 1991), p 3.
3. Quoted from G. L. Lewis, Teach Yourself Turkish. (London: English Universities Press, 1970), p v.
4. Azade-Ayse Rorlich, The Volga Tatars. A Profile in National Resilience (Stanford: 1986). Hoover Institution Press 1986, p 160.
5. Y. Ro'i, 'The Soviet and Russian context of the development of nationalism in Soviet Central Asia,' in En Asie Centrale Soviétique, 1991, Paris.
6. See further, Serge Zenkovsky, Panturkism and Islam in Russia (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1960); C. W. Hostler, Turkism and the Soviets. The Turks of the World and their Political Objectives (London, Allen & Unwin, 1957); Alexandre Bennigsen and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Islam in the Soviet Union (London, Pall Mall Press, 1967); and publications by Baymirza Hayit.
7. See further, Serge Zenkovsky, Panturkism and Islam in Russia (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1960); C. W. Hostler, Turkism and the Soviets. The Turks of the World and their Political Objectives (London, Allen & Unwin, 1957); Alexandre Bennigsen and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Islam in the Soviet Union (London, Pall Mall Press, 1967); and publications by Baymirza Hayit.
8. See further, Serge Zenkovsky, Panturkism and Islam in Russia (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1960); C. W. Hostler, Turkism and the Soviets. The Turks of the World and their Political Objectives (London, Allen & Unwin, 1957); Alexandre Bennigsen and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Islam in the Soviet Union (London, Pall Mall Press, 1967); and publications by Baymirza Hayit.
9. Masami Arai, Turkish Nationalism in the Young Turk Era (Leiden 1992), E. J. Brill.
10. Quoted from Zia Gokalp, The Principles of Turkism, (Leiden, 1968), p 17, E. J. Brill.
11. Jacob M. Landau, Pan-Turkism in Turkey. A Study of Irredentism, Chapter 1, (London, C. Hurst & Co., 1981 and 1995).
12. This and the following quotes are from an interview with the author in Tashkent in May 1992. It is hardly surprising that leadership of the Muslims of the USSR passed from Tatars to Uzbeks. As the late Alexandre Bennigsen wrote in 1985, it 'is no longer the Tatar but the Uzbek, the most numerous of all Turkestani nations, on whose territory are situated all historical capitals of Central Asia', who is the leader. Bennigsen went on to insist that the, 'Soviet authorities do not minimize the potential danger of Panturkism: it remains, together with conservative Islam, the main target of the agitprop in the region', quoted from 'Panturkism and Panislamism in history and today'. Central Asian Survey, Vol 3, No 3, 1995.
13. Impressions from my interview in Tashkent, in April 1992.
14. Quoted Annette Bohr, 'Inside the Uzbek Parliamentary Opposition: an interview with Muhammad Salih', Report on the USSR, Vol 2, No 46, 1990, p 20.
15. See H. B. Paksoy, 'Central Asia's New Dastans,' Central Asian Survey, Vol 6, No 1, 1987.
16. Quotations are from my interview with Mahmudov in Tashkent, April 1992.
17. This and later quotations are from Mahmudov's interview with me in Tashkent, April 1992.
18. Azerbaijan under its former President Elchibey provided by far the most ardent pan-Turkist politician in the FSU. Pan-Turkist ideology in the form of appeals for solidarity of and greater union between all Turkic peoples emerged in Kazakhstan with the opposition Alash party; among the stated goals of the Alash party are, 'integration and propagation of the ideas of Turkic unity and Muslim solidarity' and the 'national rebirth of Kazakhstan as the historical nucleus of the future unified Islamic Turkic state, Great Turkestan', (Khak newspaper, No 2, 1992, quoted in L. Polonskaya and A. Malashenko, Islam in Central Asia, Reading, 1994, p 136.
19. Gareth Winrow, quoted in 'Regional Security and national identity: the role of Turkey in former Soviet Central Asia', in Cigdem Balim et al., eds, Turkey: Political, Social and Economic Challenges in the 1990s . p 33,(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995).
20. Gareth Winrow, quoted in 'Regional Security and national identity: the role of Turkey in former Soviet Central Asia', in Cigdem Balim et al., eds, Turkey: Political, Social and Economic Challenges in the 1990s . p 33,(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995).
21. See Jacob Landau, Pan-Turkism. From Irredentism to Cooperation, 2nd revised ed. (London: C. Hurst, 1995).
22. Gareth Winrow, 'Turkey and former Soviet Central Asia: national and ethnic identity', Central Asian Survey, Vol 11, No 3, 1992.
23. SWB, May 1985.
24. Interview with the writer in Tashkent, November 1995.