The KRISP 94 lithospheric investigation of southern Kenya - The experiments and their main results

Tectonophysics

Volumn 278, Issue 1-4, 1997, Pages 121-147

  Prodehl, C ^a   Ritter, J R R ^a,i   Mechie, J ^b   Keller, G R ^c   Khan, M A ^d   Jacob, B ^e   Fuchs, K ^a   Nyambok, I O ^f   Obel, J D ^g   Riaroh, D ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

^b GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^e DUBLIN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES   (Ireland)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI   (Kenya)

^g Survey of Kenya   (Kenya)

^h Ministry of Energy   (Kenya)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Crust; East Africa; Kenya dome; Lithosphere; Rift system; Seismic refraction

Indexed keywords

GEOPHYSICAL EXPERIMENT; KRISP 94; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE;

KENYA;

EID: 0031413154     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00098-X     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Achauer, U., the KRISP Working Group, 1994. A three-dimensional image of the upper-mantle structure beneath the central Kenya rift from teleseismic investigations. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 305-329.
2. Bamford, D., Faber, S., Fuchs, K., Jacob, B., Kaminski, W., King, R., Nunn, K., Prodehl, C., Willmore, P., 1976. A lithospheric seismic profile in Britain I. Preliminary results. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 44, 145-160.
3. Birt, C., Maguire, P.K.H., Khan, M.A., Thybo, H., Keller, G.R., Patel, J., 1997. The influence of pre-existing structures on the evolution of the southern Kenya rift valley - evidence from seismic and gravity studies. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 211-242 (this volume).
4. Braile, L.W., Keller, G.R., Wendlandt, R.F., Morgan, P., Khan, M.A., 1995. The East African Rift System. In: Olsen, K.H. (Ed.), Continental Rifts: Structure, Evolution, Tectonics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 213-231.
5. Byrne, G.F., Jacob, A.W.B., Mechie, J., Dindi, E., 1997. Seismic structure of the upper mantle beneath the southern Kenya rift from wide-angle data. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 243-260 (this volume).
6. Dindi, E.W., Stangl, R., 1995. The contribution of the eastern Africa regional seismological network in the location of seismic events in Kenya. Geol. Soc. Africa. 10th Conference, Nairobi, October, Abstr. Vol., p. 145.
7. Ebinger, C.J., Deino, A.L., Drake, R.E., Tesha, A.L., 1989. Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe volcanic province East Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 15785-15803.
8. Haug, G.H., Strecker, M.R., 1995. Volcano-tectonic evolution of the Chyulu Hills and implications for the regional stress field in Kenya. Geology 23, 165-168.
9. Hay, D.E., Wendlandt, R.F., Keller, G.R., 1995. The origin of Kenya rift plateau-type flood phonolites: Integrated petrologic and geophysical constraints on the evolution of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kenya Rift. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 10549-10557.
10. Henjes-Kunst, F., Altherr, R., 1992. Metamorphic petrology of xenoliths from Kenya and northern Tanzania and implications for geotherms and lithospheric structures. J. Petrol. 33, 1125-1156.
11. Jacob, A.W.B., 1975. Dispersed shots at optimum depth - an efficient seismic source for lithospheric studies. J. Geophys. 41, 63-70.
12. Jacob, A.W.B., Vees, R., Braile, L.W., Criley, E., 1994. Optimization of wide-angle seismic signal-to-noise ratios and P-wave transmission in Kenya. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 61-79.
13. Kaspar, T., 1996. Untersuchung der teleseismischen Registrierungen aus den Chyulu Hills, Kenya. Thesis, Univ. Karlsruhe, 122 pp.
14. Keller, G.R., Prodehl, C., Mechie, J., Fuchs, K., Khan, M.A., Maguire, P.K.H., Mooney, W.D., Achauer, U., Davis, P.M., Meyer, R.P., Braile, L.W., Nyambok, I.O., Thompson, G.A., 1994. The East African rift system in the light of KRISP 90. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 465-483.
15. KRISP Working Group, 1995. Group takes a fresh look at the lithosphere underneath Southern Kenya. EOS 76, 73, 81-82.
16. Last, R., Nyblade, A.A., Langston, C.A., 1995. Crustal structure beneath the East African plateau from the 1994/5 Tanzania broadband seismic experiment (Abstr. T41D-5) . EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 76, F607.
17. Maguire, P.K.H., Swain, C.J., Masotti, R., Khan, M.A., 1994. A crustal and uppermost mantle cross-sectional model of the Kenya Rift derived from seismic and gravity data. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 217-250.
18. Masotti, R., Maguire, P.K.H., Mechie, J., 1997. Further remarks on the interpretation of the KRISP 90 cross-rift seismic profile. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 273-290 (this volume).
19. Mechie. J., Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., 1994. The relationship between seismic velocity, mineral composition and temperature and pressure in the upper mantle - with an application to the Kenya rift and its eastern flank. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 238, 453-464.
20. Mechie, J., Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A., Gaciri, S.J., 1997. A model for structure, composition and evolution of the Kenya rift. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 95-115 (this volume).
21. Novak, O., Prodehl, C., Jacob, B., Okoth, W., 1997a. Crustal structure of the southeastern flank of the Kenya rift deduced from wide-angle P-wave data. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 171-186 (this volume).
22. Novak, O., Ritter, J.R.R., Altherr, R., Byrne, G.F., Sobolev, S.V., Garasic, V., Volker, F., Kluge, C., Kaspar, T., Fuchs, K., 1997b. An integrated model for the deep structure of the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 187-209 (this volume).
23. Pollack, H.N., Chapman, D.S., 1977. On the regional variation of heat flow geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 38, 279-296.
24. Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), 1994. Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 238, 483 pp.
25. Prodehl, C., Fuchs, K., Mechie, J., 1997. Seismic-refraction studies of the Afro-Arabian rift system - a brief review. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 1-13 (this volume).
26. Ritter, J.R.R., Kaspar, T., 1997. A tomography study of the Chyulu Hills, Kenya. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 149-169 (this volume).
27. Ritter, J.R.R., Fuchs, K., Kaspar, T., Lange, F.E.I., Nyambok, I.O., Stangl, R.L., 1995. Seismic images illustrate the deep roots of the Chyulu Hills volcanic area Kenya. EOS 76, 273, 278.
28. Simiyu, S., Keller, G.R., 1997. An integrated analysis of lithospheric structure across the East African plateau based on gravity anomalies and recent seismic studies. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 291-313 (this volume).
29. Simpson, F., Haak, V., Khan, M.A., Sakkas, V., Meju, M., 1997. The KRISP-94 magnetotelluric survey of early 1995: first results. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 261-271 (this volume).
30. Slack, P.D., Davis, P.M., 1994. Attenuation and velocity of P-waves in the mantle beneath the East African Rift, Kenya. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A., (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 331-358.
31. Stangl, R., Dindi, E.W., 1997. Monitoring earthquakes in Kenya and adjacent areas. J. Geodynamics, submitted.
32. Tapeley, W.C., Tull, J.E., 1991. SAC - Seismic analysis code, users manual, revision 3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
33. Tongue, J., Maguire, P.K.M., Burton, P., 1994. An earthquake study in the Lake Baringo basin of the central Kenya Rift. In: Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift. Tectonophysics 236, 151-164.
34. Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F., 1991. Free software helps map and display data. EOS 72, 441-446.
35. Young, P.A.V., Maguire, P.K.H., Laffoley, N.d.A., Evans, J.R., 1991. Implications of the distribution of seismicity near Lake Bogoria in the Kenya Rift. Geophys. J. Int. 105, 665-674.
36. Zeyen, H., Volker, F., Wehrle, V., Fuchs, K., Sobolev, S., Altherr, R., 1997. Styles of continental rifting: crust-mantle detachment and mantle plumes. In: Fuchs, K., Altherr, R., Müller, B., Prodehl, C. (Eds.), Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System. Tectonophysics 278, 329-352 (this volume).