Rare-earth-element-activated cathodoluminescence in apatite

Canadian Mineralogist

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 979-998

  Mitchell, Roger H ^a   Xiong, Jian ^a   Mariano, Anthony N ^b   Fleet, Michael E ^c  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b University of Western Ontario ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alkaline rocks; Apatite; Cathodoluminescence; Luminescence efficiency; Rare earth elements; Spectrum

Indexed keywords

APATITE; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; FLUORAPATITE; REE;

EID: 0031411349     PISSN: 00084476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 3 with inclusion of J mixing. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2364-2371.
2. BLANC, P., BAUMER, A., CESBRON, F. & OHNENSTETTER, D. (1995): Les activateurs de cathodoluminescence dans les chlorapatites préparées par synthèse hydrothermale. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. IIa, 321, 119-126.
3. 3+-activated phosphors. J. Chem. Phys. 47, 5139-5145.
4. 4. In Optical Properties of Ions in Crystals (H.M. Crosswhite & H.W. Moos, eds.). Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y. (73-83).
5. BUCHANAN, R.A., WICKERSHEIM, K.A., WEAVER, J.L., SOBON, L.E. & ANDERSON, E.E. (1967): Cathodoluminescence of rare earth-activated yttrium oxide. In 6th Rare Earth Res. Conf., Gatlinberg, Tennessee.
6. 3. J. Chem. Phys. 35, 1535-1548.
7. _ & MOSS, H.W. (1967): Crystal spectroscopy at the John Hopkins University. In Optical Properties of Ions in Crystals (H.H. Crosswhite & H.W. Moos, eds.). Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y. (3-33).
8. 3. J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2190-2199.
9. DIEKE, G.H. & CROSSWHITE, H.M. (1963): The spectra of the doubly and triply ionized rare earths. Appl. Optics 2, 675-686.
10. 14. J. Luminescence 20, 271-281.
11. DRAKE, M.J. & WEILL, D.F. (1972): New rare earth element standards for electron microprobe analysis. Chem. Geol. 10, 179-181.
12. DUDKIN, O.B., KRUTIKOV, V.F., FAIZULLIN, R.M. & SHCHERBAKOV, V.D. (1994): EPR and photoluminescence spectra of apatite from the Khibiny deposits. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshchest. 123, 94-104 (in Russ.).
13. FAROK, H.M., SAUNDERS, G.A., LAMBSON, W.A., KRUGER, R., SENIN, H.B., BARTLETT, S. & TAKEL, S. (1996): An alexandrite effect and optical properties of holmium metaphosphate glass. Phys. Chem. Glasses 37, 125-128.
14. _, _, POON, W. & VASS, H. (1992): Low temperature fluorescence, valence state and elastic anomalies of samarium phosphate glasses. J. Non-Crystalline Solids 142, 175-180.
15. 2]. J. Solid State Chem. 112, 78-81.
16. _ & _ (1995): Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite. Am. Mineral. 80, 329-335.
17. FREED, S. (1931): Electronic transitions between an inner shell and the virtual outer shells of the ions of the rare earths in crystals. Phys. Rev. 38, 2122-2130.
18. 3. J. Chem. Phys. 52, 3610-3613.
19. 3+-doped fluorescent glasses under selective excitation. J. Luminescence 68, 179-186.
20. HAYWARD, C.L. & JONES, A.P. (1991): Cathodoluminescence petrography of Middle Proterozoic extrusive carbonatite from Qasiarsuk, South Greenland. Mineral. Mag. 55, 591-603.
21. HENDERSON, S.T. & RANBY, P.W. (1957): Cerium-activated halophosphate phosphors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 104, 612-615.
22. HUAXIM, D. (1980): Cathodoluminescence of apatite. Geochimica 12, 369-374 (in Chinese).
23. HUGHES, J.M., CAMERON, M. & MARIANO, A.N. (1991): Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites. Am. Mineral. 76, 1165-1173.
24. ITO, J. (1968): Silicate apatites and oxyapatites. Am. Mineral. 53, 890-907.
25. KELLER, S.P. (1958): Fluorescence spectra, term assignments and crystal field splitting of rare earth activated phosphors. J. Chem. Phys. 29, 180-187.
26. LAGERWAY, A.A.F. (1977): Detection of trace elements in apatite crystals from Panasqueira, Portugal by non-destructive methods, especially polarspectrography. Scripta Geologica (Leiden) 42.
27. LANG, R.J. (1936): The spectrum of trebly ionized cerium. Can. J. Res. 14, 127-130.
28. 3+-activated alkaline earth feldspars. J. Electrochem. Soc., Solid State Sci. 118, 918-923.
29. LECKEBUSCH, R. (1979): Comments on the luminescence of apatites from Panasqueria (Portugal). Neues Jahrbuch Mineral., Monatsh., 17-21.
30. 3 and their Zeeman effects. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2354-2363.
31. MARFUNIN, A.S. (1979): Spectroscopy, Luminescence and Radiation Centers in Minerals. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
32. MARIANO, A.N. (1978): The application of cathodoluminescence for carbonatite exploration and characterization. In Proc. First Int. Symp. on Carbonatites (C.J. Braga, ed.). Brazil Departamento Nacional da Producão Mineral, Brasilia, Brazil (39-57).
33. _ (1988): Some further geological applications of cathodoluminescence. In Cathodoluminescence of Geological Materials (D.J. Marshall, ed.). Unwin Hyman, Boston, Massachusetts (94-123).
34. _ (1989): Cathodoluminescence emission spectra of rare earth element activators in minerals. In Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements (B.R. Lipin & G.A. McKay, eds.). Rev. Mineral. 21, 339-348.
35. _ & RING, P.J. (1975): Europium-activated cathodoluminescence in minerals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, 649-660.
36. MITCHELL, R.H. & PLATT, R.G. (1994): Field guide to aspects of the petrology of the Coldwell alkaline complex. Geol. Assoc. Can. - Mineral. Assoc. Can., ???.
37. MOROZOV, A.M., MOROZOVA, L.G., TREFIMOV, A.K & FEOFILOV, P.P. (1970): Spectral and luminescent characteristics of fluoroapatite single crystals activated by rare earth ions. Optics and Spectroscopy 29, 590-596.
38. NAZAROVA, V.P. (1961): Cathodoluminescence of europium activated strontium phosphates. Akad. NaukSSSR, Bull. Phys. Ser. 25, 322-324.
39. OVCHARENKO, V.K. & YU'EV, L.D. (1971): Luminescence of Ukrainian apatites. Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukrainian SSR, Ser. B, 33, 974-977 (in Ukrainian).
40. OZAWA, J. (1990): Cathodoluminescence: Theory and Applications. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
41. PALILLA, F.C. & O'REILLY, B.E. (1968): Alkaline earth halophosphate phosphors activated by divalent europium. J. Electrochem. Soc. 115, 1076-1081.
42. PELLETIER-ALLARD, N., PELLETIER, R. & TISEANUE, C. (1994): Quenching process of the Nd fluorescence in Nd, Er codoped yttrium aluminium perovskite. J. Luminescence 62, 257-262.
43. PORTNOV, A.M. & GOROBETS, B.S. (1969): Luminescence of apatite from different rock types. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 184, 110-113.
44. 3. J. Chem. Phys. 46, 1460-1466.
45. ROEDER, P.L. (1985): Electron microprobe analysis of minerals for rare earth elements: use of calculated peak-overlap corrections. Can. Mineral. 23, 263-271.
46. _, MACARTHUR, D., MA, XIN-PEI, PALMER, G.R. & MARIANO, A.N. (1987): Cathodoluminescence and microprobe study of rare-earth elements in apatite. Am. Mineral. 72, 801-811.
47. ROPP, R.C. (1964): Spectral properties of rare earth oxide phosphors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 111, 311-317.
48. SAYRE, E.V. & FREED, S. (1955): Absorption spectrum and quantum states of the praseodymium ion. II. Anhydrous praseodymium fluoride in films. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 2066-2068
49. _, SANCIER, K.M. & FREED, S. (1955): Absorption spectrum and quantum states of the praseodymium ion. I. Single crystals of praseodymium chloride. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 2060-2065.
50. 3+ doped crystals with the apatite structure. Appl. Optics 11, 999-1012.
51. 3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping. J. Luminescence 65, 247-255.
52. 7. J. Luminescence 71, 71-75.
53. VAN UITERT, L.G. & JOHNSON, L.F. (1966): Energy transfer between rare earth ions. J. Chem. Phys. 44, 3514-3522.
54. WEBER, M.J. & BIERIG, R.W. (1964): Paramagnetic resonance and relaxation of trivalent rare-earth ions in calcium fluoride. I. Resonance spectra and crystal fields. Phys. Rev. 134A, 1492-1503.
55. 9 configurations. J. Chem. Phys. 36, 2301-2311.
56. XIONG, JIAN (1995): Cathodoluminescence Studies of Feldspars and Apatites from the Coldwell Alkaline Complex. M.Sc. thesis, Lakehead Univ., Thunder Bay, Ontario.