The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic Ocean

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 102, Issue C9, 1997, Pages 21061-21079

  Steele, Michael ^a   Zhang, Jinlun ^a   Rothrock, Drew ^a   Stern, Harry ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORCE BALANCE; ICE LOADS; MODEL; SEA ICE;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0031411090     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JC01454     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bryan, K., A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world oceans, J. Comput. Phys., 4, 341-376, 1969.
2. Coon, M. D., G. S. Knoke, D. C. Echert, and H. L. Stern, Contemporaneous field measurements of pack ice stress and ice strain measurements from SAR imagery, in Proceedings of the Oceans '93 Conference, vol. 3, pp. 31-36, IEEE, Piscataway. N. J., 1993.
3. Cox, M. D., A primitive equation, three-dimensional model of the ocean, GFDL Ocean Group Tech. Rep. 1, Geophys. Fluid Dyn. Lab., Princeton, N. J., 1984.
4. Flato, G. M., Parameterizing the strength of Arctic sea ice, in Proceedings of the ACSYS Conference on the Dynamics of the Arctic Climate System, Rep. WCRR-94 WMO/TD-No. 760, pp. 278-282, World Clim. Res. Program, Goteborg, Swed., 1994.
5. Flato, G. M and W. D. Hibler III, On a simple sea-ice dynamics model of climate studies, Ann. Glaciol., 14, 72-77, 1990.
6. Flato, G. M and W. D. Hiblerm, Modeling pack ice as a cavitating fluid, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 626-651, 1992.
7. Flato, G. M., and W. D. Hibler III, Ridging and strength in modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18, 611-18, 626, 1995.
8. Fleming, G. H., Development of a large-scale coupled sea-ice model for interannual simulations of ice cover in the Arctic, Tech. Rep. NDS-68-89-009, 245 pp., Nav. Postgrad. Sch., Monterey, Calif., 1989.
9. Fleming, G. H., and A. J. Semtner Jr., A numerical study of interannual ocean forcing on Arctic ice, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 4589-4603, 1991.
10. Hakkinen, S., A constitutive law for sea ice and some applications, Math. Modell., 9, 9469-9478, 1987.
11. Hakkinen, S., and G. L. Mellor, Modeling the seasonal variability of a coupled Arctic ice-ocean system, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20, 28520, 304, 1992.
12. Hansen, S., and S. Lebedeff, Global trends of measured surface air temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13, 345-13, 372, 1987.
13. Hibler, W. D., in, A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 815-846, 1979.
14. Hibler, W. D., III, Modeling a variable thickness sea ice cover, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1943-1973, 1980a.
15. Hibler, W. D. Ill, Sea ice growth, drift, and decay, in Dynamics of Snow and Ice Masses, pp. 141-209, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1980b.
16. Hibler, W. D., in, Ice dynamics, in The Geophysics of Sea Ice, edited by N. Untersteiner, pp. 577-640, Plenum, New York, 1986.
17. Hibler, W. D. Ill, and K. Bryan, A diagnostic ice-ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 987-1015, 1987.
18. Hibler, W. D. Ill, and J. E. Walsh, On modeling seasonal and interannual fluctuations of Arctic sea ice, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1514- 1523, 1982.
19. Hibler, W. D., Ill, and J. Zhang, Interannual and climate characteristics of an ice-ocean circulation model, in Ice in the Climate System, NATO ASI Ser. I, vol. 112, edited by W. R. Peltier, pp. 633-651, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
20. Hunkins, K., The oceanic boundary layer and stress beneath a drifting ice floe, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3425-3433, 1975.
21. Lepparanta, M., and W. D. Hibler III, The role of plastic ice interaction in marginal ice zone dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11, 89911, 909, 1985.
22. Maslanik, J. A., and H. Maybee, Assimilating remotely-sensed data into a dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model, in IGARSS'94, pp. 1306-1308, IEEE, Piscataway, N. J., 1994.
23. McPhee, M. G., An analysis of pack ice drift in summer, in Sea Ice Processes and Models, edited by R. S. Pritchard, pp. 62-75, Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, 1980.
24. Newton, J., and L. Coachman, AIDJEX interior flow field study: Preliminary report and comparison with previous results, AIDJEX Bull., 19, 19-42, 1973.
25. Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Proceedings of the Sea ice Mechanics and Arctic Modeling Workshop, Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, Wash., 1995.
26. Overland, J. E., and R. L. Colony, Geostrophic drag coefficients for the central Arctic derived from Soviet drifting station data, Tellus, Ser. A, 46, 75-85, 1994.
27. Overland, J. E., and C. H. Pease, Modeling ice dynamics of coastal seas, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15, 619-15, 637, 1988.
28. Parkinson, C. L., and W. M. Washington, A large-scale numerical model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 311-337, 1979.
29. Rothrock, D. A., The energetics of the plastic deformation of pack ice by ridging, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4514-4519, 1975.
30. Stern, H. L., D. A. Rothrock, and R. Kwok, Open water production in Arctic sea ice: Satellite measurements and model parameteriza- Tions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20, 601-20, 612, 1995.
31. Thorndike, A. S., and R. Colony, Sea ice motion in response to geostrophic winds, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5845-5852, 1982.
32. Zhang, J., and W. D. Hibler III, On an efficient numerical method for modeling sea ice dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8691-8702, 1997.
33. Zhang, J., W. D. Hibler III, M. Steele, and D. A. Rothrock, Arctic ice- ocean modeling with and without climate restoring, J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press, 1997.