Rising sun, gathering winds: Policies to stabilize the climate and strengthen economies

Worldwatch Paper

Volumn , Issue 138, 1997, Pages

  Flavin, Christopher ^a   Dunn, Seth ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE POLICY; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS;

EID: 0031411051     PISSN: 02708019     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (409)

1. 2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-92 (Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 1995) and British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997 (London: Group Media & Publications, 1997); Stephen H. Schneider, Laboratory Earth: The Planetary Gamble We Can't Afford to Lose (New York: BasicBooks, 1997); Timothy Whorf and C.D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, letter to authors, 10 February 1997; J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
2. 2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-92 (Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 1995) and British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997 (London: Group Media & Publications, 1997); Stephen H. Schneider, Laboratory Earth: The Planetary Gamble We Can't Afford to Lose (New York: BasicBooks, 1997); Timothy Whorf and C.D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, letter to authors, 10 February 1997; J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
3. 2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-92 (Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 1995) and British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997 (London: Group Media & Publications, 1997); Stephen H. Schneider, Laboratory Earth: The Planetary Gamble We Can't Afford to Lose (New York: BasicBooks, 1997); Timothy Whorf and C.D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, letter to authors, 10 February 1997; J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
4. 2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-92 (Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 1995) and British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997 (London: Group Media & Publications, 1997); Stephen H. Schneider, Laboratory Earth: The Planetary Gamble We Can't Afford to Lose (New York: BasicBooks, 1997); Timothy Whorf and C.D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, letter to authors, 10 February 1997; J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
5. 2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-92 (Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 1995) and British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997 (London: Group Media & Publications, 1997); Stephen H. Schneider, Laboratory Earth: The Planetary Gamble We Can't Afford to Lose (New York: BasicBooks, 1997); Timothy Whorf and C.D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, letter to authors, 10 February 1997; J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
6. Ibid; Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Thomas R. Karl et al., "The Coming Climate," Scientific American, May 1997; Houghton et al., op. cit. note 1.
7. Ibid; Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Thomas R. Karl et al., "The Coming Climate," Scientific American, May 1997; Houghton et al., op. cit. note 1.
8. Ibid; Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Thomas R. Karl et al., "The Coming Climate," Scientific American, May 1997; Houghton et al., op. cit. note 1.
9. Ibid; Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Thomas R. Karl et al., "The Coming Climate," Scientific American, May 1997; Houghton et al., op. cit. note 1.
10. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
11. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Text (Geneva: U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Information Unit on Climate Change, 1992); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
12. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Text (Geneva: U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Information Unit on Climate Change, 1992); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
13. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Text (Geneva: U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Information Unit on Climate Change, 1992); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
14. Christopher Flavin and Nicholas Lenssen, Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
15. Christopher Flavin and Nicholas Lenssen, Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
16. British Information Services, "UK Will Take the Lead in Fight Against Global Warming," 4 June 1997.
17. James P. Bruce, Hoesung Lee, and Erik F. Haites, eds., Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
18. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; A.J. McMichael et al., eds., Climate Change and Human Health, An assessment prepared by a task group on behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO), WMO, and UNEP (Geneva: WHO, 1996).
19. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; A.J. McMichael et al., eds., Climate Change and Human Health, An assessment prepared by a task group on behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO), WMO, and UNEP (Geneva: WHO, 1996).
20. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
21. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
22. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
23. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
24. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
25. 2 World: Implications for Long-Term Planning," U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar, Washington, D.C., 15 September 1997; Mike McCartney, "Is the ocean at the helm?" Nature, 7 August 1997; Stephan Rahmstorf, "Risk of sea change in the Atlantic," Nature, 28 August 1997.
26. 2," Science, 20 June 1997.
27. 2," Science, 20 June 1997.
28. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
29. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
30. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
31. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
32. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
33. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Linking Near-Term Action to Long-Term Climate Protection: The Safe Landing Analysis (The Netherlands, February 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; carbon emissions data, including Figure 1, from Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7; Ozone Action, The Case for Early Action: An Ozone Action.Report on Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C., September 1997); Stephen H. Schneider and Lawrence H. Goulder, "Achieving low-cost emissions targets," Nature, 4 September 1997.
34. Figure 2 from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; U.N. Framework Convention, op. cit. note 4; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
35. Figure 2 from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; U.N. Framework Convention, op. cit. note 4; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
36. Figure 2 from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; U.N. Framework Convention, op. cit. note 4; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
37. Figure 2 from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; U.N. Framework Convention, op. cit. note 4; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
38. Figure 2 from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; U.N. Framework Convention, op. cit. note 4; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
39. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Worldwatch estimate based on American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data, 1997 Edition (Detroit, 1997); John Griffiths, "Car Numbers to Double and Threaten the Environment," Financial Times, 15 February 1996; Lee Schipper, "The Carnival Is Over," Tomorrow, September/October 1997; International Energy Agency (IEA), Indicators of Energy Use and Efficiency: Understanding the link between energy and human activity (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/IEA, 1997).
40. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Worldwatch estimate based on American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data, 1997 Edition (Detroit, 1997); John Griffiths, "Car Numbers to Double and Threaten the Environment," Financial Times, 15 February 1996; Lee Schipper, "The Carnival Is Over," Tomorrow, September/October 1997; International Energy Agency (IEA), Indicators of Energy Use and Efficiency: Understanding the link between energy and human activity (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/IEA, 1997).
41. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Worldwatch estimate based on American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data, 1997 Edition (Detroit, 1997); John Griffiths, "Car Numbers to Double and Threaten the Environment," Financial Times, 15 February 1996; Lee Schipper, "The Carnival Is Over," Tomorrow, September/October 1997; International Energy Agency (IEA), Indicators of Energy Use and Efficiency: Understanding the link between energy and human activity (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/IEA, 1997).
42. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Worldwatch estimate based on American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data, 1997 Edition (Detroit, 1997); John Griffiths, "Car Numbers to Double and Threaten the Environment," Financial Times, 15 February 1996; Lee Schipper, "The Carnival Is Over," Tomorrow, September/October 1997; International Energy Agency (IEA), Indicators of Energy Use and Efficiency: Understanding the link between energy and human activity (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/IEA, 1997).
43. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Worldwatch estimate based on American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data, 1997 Edition (Detroit, 1997); John Griffiths, "Car Numbers to Double and Threaten the Environment," Financial Times, 15 February 1996; Lee Schipper, "The Carnival Is Over," Tomorrow, September/October 1997; International Energy Agency (IEA), Indicators of Energy Use and Efficiency: Understanding the link between energy and human activity (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/IEA, 1997).
44. Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
45. Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
46. Ibid; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
47. Ibid; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
48. Ibid; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
49. Figure 3 from ibid; Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2, and per capita estimate from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, BP, op. cit. note 1, Population Reference Bureau (PRB), World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C., 1997), and World Bank, The World Bank Atlas 1997 (Washington, D.C., 1997); IEA, World Energy Outlook: 1996 Edition (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996).
50. Figure 3 from ibid; Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2, and per capita estimate from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, BP, op. cit. note 1, Population Reference Bureau (PRB), World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C., 1997), and World Bank, The World Bank Atlas 1997 (Washington, D.C., 1997); IEA, World Energy Outlook: 1996 Edition (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996).
51. Figure 3 from ibid; Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2, and per capita estimate from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, BP, op. cit. note 1, Population Reference Bureau (PRB), World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C., 1997), and World Bank, The World Bank Atlas 1997 (Washington, D.C., 1997); IEA, World Energy Outlook: 1996 Edition (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996).
52. Figure 3 from ibid; Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2, and per capita estimate from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, BP, op. cit. note 1, Population Reference Bureau (PRB), World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C., 1997), and World Bank, The World Bank Atlas 1997 (Washington, D.C., 1997); IEA, World Energy Outlook: 1996 Edition (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996).
53. Figure 3 from ibid; Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2, and per capita estimate from Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, BP, op. cit. note 1, Population Reference Bureau (PRB), World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C., 1997), and World Bank, The World Bank Atlas 1997 (Washington, D.C., 1997); IEA, World Energy Outlook: 1996 Edition (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996).
54. United States Senate, Senate Resolution 98 (Washington, D.C., 25 July 1997); William K. Stevens, "U.S. and Japan Key to Outcome in Climate Talks," New York Times, 12 August 1997.
55. United States Senate, Senate Resolution 98 (Washington, D.C., 25 July 1997); William K. Stevens, "U.S. and Japan Key to Outcome in Climate Talks," New York Times, 12 August 1997.
56. Holdren quote from White House Conference on Climate Change, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 6 October 1997; Vicki Norberg-Bohm and David Hart, "Technological Cooperation: Lessons from Development Experience," in Henry Lee, ed., Shaping National Responses to Climate Change (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
57. Holdren quote from White House Conference on Climate Change, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 6 October 1997; Vicki Norberg-Bohm and David Hart, "Technological Cooperation: Lessons from Development Experience," in Henry Lee, ed., Shaping National Responses to Climate Change (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
58. Holdren quote from White House Conference on Climate Change, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 6 October 1997; Vicki Norberg-Bohm and David Hart, "Technological Cooperation: Lessons from Development Experience," in Henry Lee, ed., Shaping National Responses to Climate Change (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 2.
59. Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; Ernst von Weizsacker, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use, The New Report to the Club of Rome (London: Earthscan Publications Limited, 1997).
60. Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; Ernst von Weizsacker, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use, The New Report to the Club of Rome (London: Earthscan Publications Limited, 1997).
61. Michiyo Nakamoto and John Griffiths, "Toyota car will run on petrol or batteries," Financial Times, 26 March 1997; "Japan's automakers push . low-emission vehicles," Daily Yomiuri, 8 April 1997; Rocky Mountain Institute, "Hypercars: The Next Industrial Revolution," paper presented at the 13th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Osaka, Japan, October 1996.
62. Michiyo Nakamoto and John Griffiths, "Toyota car will run on petrol or batteries," Financial Times, 26 March 1997; "Japan's automakers push . low-emission vehicles," Daily Yomiuri, 8 April 1997; Rocky Mountain Institute, "Hypercars: The Next Industrial Revolution," paper presented at the 13th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Osaka, Japan, October 1996.
63. Michiyo Nakamoto and John Griffiths, "Toyota car will run on petrol or batteries," Financial Times, 26 March 1997; "Japan's automakers push . low-emission vehicles," Daily Yomiuri, 8 April 1997; Rocky Mountain Institute, "Hypercars: The Next Industrial Revolution," paper presented at the 13th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Osaka, Japan, October 1996.
64. Gerald L. Cler and Michael Shepard, "Distributed Generation: Good Things Are Coming in Small Packages," E Source Tech Update, November 1996; Sallie L. Gaines, "Pint-Size Producer of Power Unveiled," Chicago Tribune, 4 June 1997.
65. Gerald L. Cler and Michael Shepard, "Distributed Generation: Good Things Are Coming in Small Packages," E Source Tech Update, November 1996; Sallie L. Gaines, "Pint-Size Producer of Power Unveiled," Chicago Tribune, 4 June 1997.
66. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19.
67. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19.
68. Wind power data, including Figure 5, from Christopher Flavin, "Wind Power Growth Continues," in Lester R. Brown, Michael Renner, and Christopher Flavin, Vital Signs 1997 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997); Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; 1997 figure is preliminary Worldwatch estimate.
69. Wind power data, including Figure 5, from Christopher Flavin, "Wind Power Growth Continues," in Lester R. Brown, Michael Renner, and Christopher Flavin, Vital Signs 1997 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997); Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; 1997 figure is preliminary Worldwatch estimate.
70. Solar power data, including Figure 6, from Molly O'Meara, "Solar Cell Shipments Keep Rising," in Brown et al., op. cit., note 23; Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; 1997 figure is preliminary Worldwatch estimate.
71. Solar power data, including Figure 6, from Molly O'Meara, "Solar Cell Shipments Keep Rising," in Brown et al., op. cit., note 23; Flavin and Lenssen, op. cit. note 5; 1997 figure is preliminary Worldwatch estimate.
72. Jesse H. Ausubel, "Technical progress and climatic change," Energy Policy, April/May 1995; Nebojsa Nackicenovic, "Freeing Energy From Carbon," in Jesse H. Ausubel and H. Dale Langford, eds., Technological Trajectories and the Human Environment (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997).
73. Jesse H. Ausubel, "Technical progress and climatic change," Energy Policy, April/May 1995; Nebojsa Nackicenovic, "Freeing Energy From Carbon," in Jesse H. Ausubel and H. Dale Langford, eds., Technological Trajectories and the Human Environment (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997).
74. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
75. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
76. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
77. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
78. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
79. 2 emissions abatement," Energy Policy, February 1997; John S. Huffman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The potential of institutional, organizational, and technological change to improve the future productivity of the energy economy," discussion paper (Washington, D.C., 14 June 1996).
80. Florentin Krause, "The costs of mitigating carbon emissions: a review of methods and findings from European studies," Energy Policy, October/November 1996; Florentin Krause, "The Costs and Benefits of Cutting U.S. Carbon Emissions: A Critical Review of the Economic Arguments of the Fossil Fuel Lobby" (El Cerrito, CA: International Project for Sustainable Energy Paths, May 1997).
81. Florentin Krause, "The costs of mitigating carbon emissions: a review of methods and findings from European studies," Energy Policy, October/November 1996; Florentin Krause, "The Costs and Benefits of Cutting U.S. Carbon Emissions: A Critical Review of the Economic Arguments of the Fossil Fuel Lobby" (El Cerrito, CA: International Project for Sustainable Energy Paths, May 1997).
82. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions: Potential Impact of Energy Technologies by 2010 and Beyond, Prepared by the Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Low-Carbon Technologies (Washington, D.C., 25 September 1997).
83. Shell International Limited, The Evolution of the World's Energy Systems (London, 1996).
84. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
85. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
86. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
87. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
88. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
89. 2 Emissions by Efficiency and Renewables, prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University (The Netherlands, 1996); Alliance to Save Energy et al., Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Sierra Club of Canada, Rational Energy Program: Analysis of the Impact of Rational Measures to the Year 2010 (Ottawa, September 1996); "Sierra Club's Climate Change Proposals Sound, According to Government Analysis," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996; Environment Agency of Japan, Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Global-Warming Abatement Technologies (Tokyo, May 1996); Australia Institute, "Climate Change Policies in Australia," briefing to a meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate, Bonn, 5 August 1997.
90. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
91. Watson et al., op. cit. note 2; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
92. Laurie Michaelis, "Reforming Coal and Electricity Subsidies," Working Paper 2, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change, IPCC Technical Paper 1 (Geneva, November 1996); Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
93. Laurie Michaelis, "Reforming Coal and Electricity Subsidies," Working Paper 2, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change, IPCC Technical Paper 1 (Geneva, November 1996); Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
94. Laurie Michaelis, "Reforming Coal and Electricity Subsidies," Working Paper 2, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Robert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds., Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change, IPCC Technical Paper 1 (Geneva, November 1996); Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
95. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
96. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
97. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
98. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
99. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
100. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
101. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
102. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
103. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
104. World Bank, Expanding the Measure of Wealth (Washington, D.C., June 1997); IEA, Climate Change Policy Initiatives, 1995-96 Update, Volume II, Selected Non-IEA Countries (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Climate Action Network-Central and Eastern Europe (CAN-CEE) and Climate Network Europe (CNE), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, Second Review (Brussels: CNE, November 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; World Bank, op. cit. this note; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Andre de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development: Undermining the Earth with public funds (San José, Costa Rica: Earth Council and Institute for Research on Public Expenditure, 1997).
105. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
106. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
107. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
108. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
109. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch
110. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
111. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
112. Greenpeace International, Energy Subsidies in Europe, prepared by Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University (Amsterdam, May 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 32, U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, Climate Change: The U.K. Programme, United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (London: The Stationery Office Limited, February 1997); U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United Kingdom" (Bonn, 24 February 1997); IEA, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, 1996 Review (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1996); Worldwatch estimate based on BP, op. cit. note 1; Worldwatch estimate based on Boden et al., op. cit. note 1, and BP, op. cit. note 1.
113. World Bank, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; David Malin Roodman, Paying the Piper: Subsidies, Politics, and the Environment, Worldwatch Paper 133 (Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, December 1996); Climate Network Europe (CNE) and US Climate Action Network (US CAN), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Countries, Fifth Review (Washington, D.C.: US CAN, October 1997); William G. Mahoney, "German Subventions at Record High; Coal Supports Blamed for Cost Hike," The Solar Letter, 12 September 1997.
114. World Bank, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; David Malin Roodman, Paying the Piper: Subsidies, Politics, and the Environment, Worldwatch Paper 133 (Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, December 1996); Climate Network Europe (CNE) and US Climate Action Network (US CAN), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Countries, Fifth Review (Washington, D.C.: US CAN, October 1997); William G. Mahoney, "German Subventions at Record High; Coal Supports Blamed for Cost Hike," The Solar Letter, 12 September 1997.
115. World Bank, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; David Malin Roodman, Paying the Piper: Subsidies, Politics, and the Environment, Worldwatch Paper 133 (Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, December 1996); Climate Network Europe (CNE) and US Climate Action Network (US CAN), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Countries, Fifth Review (Washington, D.C.: US CAN, October 1997); William G. Mahoney, "German Subventions at Record High; Coal Supports Blamed for Cost Hike," The Solar Letter, 12 September 1997.
116. World Bank, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; David Malin Roodman, Paying the Piper: Subsidies, Politics, and the Environment, Worldwatch Paper 133 (Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, December 1996); Climate Network Europe (CNE) and US Climate Action Network (US CAN), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Countries, Fifth Review (Washington, D.C.: US CAN, October 1997); William G. Mahoney, "German Subventions at Record High; Coal Supports Blamed for Cost Hike," The Solar Letter, 12 September 1997.
117. World Bank, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; David Malin Roodman, Paying the Piper: Subsidies, Politics, and the Environment, Worldwatch Paper 133 (Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, December 1996); Climate Network Europe (CNE) and US Climate Action Network (US CAN), Independent NGO Evaluations of National Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Countries, Fifth Review (Washington, D.C.: US CAN, October 1997); William G. Mahoney, "German Subventions at Record High; Coal Supports Blamed for Cost Hike," The Solar Letter, 12 September 1997.
118. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
119. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
120. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
121. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
122. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
123. De Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33; Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 34; Friends of the Earth, Green Scissors '97, May 1997; de Moor and Calami, op cit. note 33; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
124. Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Tim O'Riordan and Jill Jager, eds., Politics of Climate Change: A European Perspective (London: Routledge, 1996); OECD, Subsidies and Environment: Exploring the Linkages (Paris, 1996).
125. Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Tim O'Riordan and Jill Jager, eds., Politics of Climate Change: A European Perspective (London: Routledge, 1996); OECD, Subsidies and Environment: Exploring the Linkages (Paris, 1996).
126. Michaelis, op. cit. note 32; Tim O'Riordan and Jill Jager, eds., Politics of Climate Change: A European Perspective (London: Routledge, 1996); OECD, Subsidies and Environment: Exploring the Linkages (Paris, 1996).
127. IEA, op. cit. note 33; subsidy removal data, including Table 3, from World Bank, op. cit. note 33; China projection from World Bank, China: Issues and Options in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control, Summary Report (Washington, D.C., 1994).
128. IEA, op. cit. note 33; subsidy removal data, including Table 3, from World Bank, op. cit. note 33; China projection from World Bank, China: Issues and Options in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control, Summary Report (Washington, D.C., 1994).
129. IEA, op. cit. note 33; subsidy removal data, including Table 3, from World Bank, op. cit. note 33; China projection from World Bank, China: Issues and Options in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control, Summary Report (Washington, D.C., 1994).
130. 2 Emissions From Road Vehicles," Working Paper 1, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Jane Holtz Kay, Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take It Back (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997); Figure 7 from Stacy C. Davis et al., Transportation Energy Data Book: Editions 12, 16, and 17 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1992, 1996, 1997); de Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33.
131. 2 Emissions From Road Vehicles," Working Paper 1, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Jane Holtz Kay, Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take It Back (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997); Figure 7 from Stacy C. Davis et al., Transportation Energy Data Book: Editions 12, 16, and 17 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1992, 1996, 1997); de Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33.
132. 2 Emissions From Road Vehicles," Working Paper 1, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Jane Holtz Kay, Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take It Back (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997); Figure 7 from Stacy C. Davis et al., Transportation Energy Data Book: Editions 12, 16, and 17 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1992, 1996, 1997); de Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33.
133. 2 Emissions From Road Vehicles," Working Paper 1, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Jane Holtz Kay, Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take It Back (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997); Figure 7 from Stacy C. Davis et al., Transportation Energy Data Book: Editions 12, 16, and 17 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1992, 1996, 1997); de Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33.
134. 2 Emissions From Road Vehicles," Working Paper 1, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Jane Holtz Kay, Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take It Back (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997); Figure 7 from Stacy C. Davis et al., Transportation Energy Data Book: Editions 12, 16, and 17 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1992, 1996, 1997); de Moor and Calamai, op. cit. note 33.
135. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
136. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
137. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
138. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
139. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
140. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
141. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
142. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
143. 2 Emissions" (Paris, 24 March 1997); OECD, "Criteria for Sustainable Transport" (Paris, July 1996); John Pucher and Christian Lefevre, The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America (London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Denmark" (Bonn, 6 December 1996); Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A conntry-by-country analysis of national programmes, Volume 1: The European Union (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment, Second Netherlands' National Communication of Climate Change Policies, Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (The Hague, April 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the Netherlands" (Bonn, 31 July 1996); CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
144. Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, Sustainable Transport in Central and Eastern European Cities (Paris: OECD, 1996); Michaelis, op. cit. note 40.
145. Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, Sustainable Transport in Central and Eastern European Cities (Paris: OECD, 1996); Michaelis, op. cit. note 40.
146. Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, Sustainable Transport in Central and Eastern European Cities (Paris: OECD, 1996); Michaelis, op. cit. note 40.
147. Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, Sustainable Transport in Central and Eastern European Cities (Paris: OECD, 1996); Michaelis, op. cit. note 40.
148. Richard Baron, "Economic Fiscal Instruments: Taxation," Working Paper 3, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
149. Richard Baron, "Economic Fiscal Instruments: Taxation," Working Paper 3, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
150. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
151. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
152. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
153. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
154. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
155. Frank Muller, "Mitigating Climate Change: The Case for Energy Taxes," Environment, March 1996; OECD, Environmental Taxes in OECD Countries (Paris, 1996); Table 4 from Baron, op. cit. note 42; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; Baron, op. cit. note 42; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
156. Muller, op. cit. note 43; Baron, op. cit. note 42; "EC tax reform group revives carbon/energy tax," ENDS Report 261, October 1996; "Carbon Taxes, More Energy Efficiency Urged by Environment Agency to Avert Global Crisis," International Environment Reporter, 11 June 1997.
157. Muller, op. cit. note 43; Baron, op. cit. note 42; "EC tax reform group revives carbon/energy tax," ENDS Report 261, October 1996; "Carbon Taxes, More Energy Efficiency Urged by Environment Agency to Avert Global Crisis," International Environment Reporter, 11 June 1997.
158. Muller, op. cit. note 43; Baron, op. cit. note 42; "EC tax reform group revives carbon/energy tax," ENDS Report 261, October 1996; "Carbon Taxes, More Energy Efficiency Urged by Environment Agency to Avert Global Crisis," International Environment Reporter, 11 June 1997.
159. Muller, op. cit. note 43; Baron, op. cit. note 42; "EC tax reform group revives carbon/energy tax," ENDS Report 261, October 1996; "Carbon Taxes, More Energy Efficiency Urged by Environment Agency to Avert Global Crisis," International Environment Reporter, 11 June 1997.
160. IEA, op. cit. note 33; CAN-CEE and CNE, op. cit. note 33; Thomas E. Lovejoy, "Lesson From a Small Country," Washington Post, 22 April 1997.
161. IEA, op. cit. note 33; CAN-CEE and CNE, op. cit. note 33; Thomas E. Lovejoy, "Lesson From a Small Country," Washington Post, 22 April 1997.
162. IEA, op. cit. note 33; CAN-CEE and CNE, op. cit. note 33; Thomas E. Lovejoy, "Lesson From a Small Country," Washington Post, 22 April 1997.
163. Gasoline tax and price data, including Figure 7, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34; Economist, "Hot Air?" 9 August 1997.
164. Gasoline tax and price data, including Figure 7, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34; Economist, "Hot Air?" 9 August 1997.
165. Gasoline tax and price data, including Figure 7, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34; Economist, "Hot Air?" 9 August 1997.
166. Gasoline tax and price data, including Figure 7, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 40; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34; Economist, "Hot Air?" 9 August 1997.
167. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Austria" (Bonn, 10 December 1996).
168. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Austria" (Bonn, 10 December 1996).
169. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; ECMT, op. cit. note 40; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Austria" (Bonn, 10 December 1996).
170. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 13; IEA, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Response (Paris, June 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
171. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 13; IEA, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Response (Paris, June 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
172. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 13; IEA, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Response (Paris, June 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
173. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 13; IEA, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Response (Paris, June 1996); Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
174. Figure 8 from ibid; Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; Watson et al., op cit. note 32.
175. Figure 8 from ibid; Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; Watson et al., op cit. note 32.
176. Automobile fuel efficiency data, including Table 5, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; Public Citizen, Critical Mass Energy Project, press release, 22 May 1997; Matthew L. Wald, "U.S. Increasing Its Dependence on Oil Imports," New York Times, 11 August 1997.
177. Automobile fuel efficiency data, including Table 5, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; Public Citizen, Critical Mass Energy Project, press release, 22 May 1997; Matthew L. Wald, "U.S. Increasing Its Dependence on Oil Imports," New York Times, 11 August 1997.
178. Automobile fuel efficiency data, including Table 5, from Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; Public Citizen, Critical Mass Energy Project, press release, 22 May 1997; Matthew L. Wald, "U.S. Increasing Its Dependence on Oil Imports," New York Times, 11 August 1997.
179. 2 Abatement (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; "European Parliament Seeks Fuel Economy Standards," Global Environmental Change Report, 25 April 1997; John Duffy, Energy Labeling, Standards and Building Codes: A Global Survey and Assessment for Selected Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), March 1996).
180. 2 Abatement (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; "European Parliament Seeks Fuel Economy Standards," Global Environmental Change Report, 25 April 1997; John Duffy, Energy Labeling, Standards and Building Codes: A Global Survey and Assessment for Selected Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), March 1996).
181. 2 Abatement (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; "European Parliament Seeks Fuel Economy Standards," Global Environmental Change Report, 25 April 1997; John Duffy, Energy Labeling, Standards and Building Codes: A Global Survey and Assessment for Selected Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), March 1996).
182. 2 Abatement (Paris: OECD/IEA, 1997); Michaelis, op. cit. note 39; "European Parliament Seeks Fuel Economy Standards," Global Environmental Change Report, 25 April 1997; John Duffy, Energy Labeling, Standards and Building Codes: A Global Survey and Assessment for Selected Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), March 1996).
183. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32.
184. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
185. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
186. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
187. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
188. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
189. IEA, op. cit. note 51; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; von Weizsacker et al., op. cit. note 19; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Germany" (Bonn, 21 July 1997); idem, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Japan" (Bonn, 28 June 1996).
190. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
191. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
192. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
193. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
194. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
195. U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of Canada" (Bonn, 21 February 1996); National Air Issues Coordinating Committee (NAICC), 1996 Review of Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change (Ottawa, November 1996); Duffy, op. cit. note 51; U.S. Department of State, Second U.S. National Communication, Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, draft (Washington, D.C., 9 May 1997); Eric Jay Dolin, "EPA's Voluntary Pollution Prevention at a Profit," Ecological Economics Bulletin, spring 1997; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. this note.
196. Duffy, op. cit. note 51; "Tax Incentives for Energy-Saving Goods, More Building of Efficient Housing Planned," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996.
197. Duffy, op. cit. note 51; "Tax Incentives for Energy-Saving Goods, More Building of Efficient Housing Planned," International Environment Reporter, 2 October 1996.
198. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
199. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
200. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
201. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
202. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
203. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
204. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
205. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Fiona Mullins, "Demand Side Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards for Traded Products," Working Paper 5, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 48; Mullins, op. cit. this note; Watson, op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; Mullins, op. cit. this note.
206. Ibid; Duffy, op. cit. note 51; IIEC, Examples in Action: Snstainable Energy Experiences in Developing and Transition Countries (Washington, D.C., 1996).
207. Ibid; Duffy, op. cit. note 51; IIEC, Examples in Action: Snstainable Energy Experiences in Developing and Transition Countries (Washington, D.C., 1996).
208. Ibid; Duffy, op. cit. note 51; IIEC, Examples in Action: Snstainable Energy Experiences in Developing and Transition Countries (Washington, D.C., 1996).
209. 2" (Tokyo, 1997).
210. 2" (Tokyo, 1997).
211. 2" (Tokyo, 1997).
212. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; William R. Moomaw, "Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases," Energy Policy, October/November 1996.
213. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; William R. Moomaw, "Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases," Energy Policy, October/November 1996.
214. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Mark Storey, "Demand Side Efficiency: Voluntary Agreements with Industry," Working Paper 8, Annex I, Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, December 1996).
215. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Mark Storey, "Demand Side Efficiency: Voluntary Agreements with Industry," Working Paper 8, Annex I, Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, December 1996).
216. Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 42; Table 6 from IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on ...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; "Pacts Would Aim to Make Dutch Industries Most Energy-Efficient Performers in World," International Environment Reporter, 25 June 1997.
217. Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 42; Table 6 from IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on ...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; "Pacts Would Aim to Make Dutch Industries Most Energy-Efficient Performers in World," International Environment Reporter, 25 June 1997.
218. Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 42; Table 6 from IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on ...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; "Pacts Would Aim to Make Dutch Industries Most Energy-Efficient Performers in World," International Environment Reporter, 25 June 1997.
219. Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 42; Table 6 from IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on ...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; "Pacts Would Aim to Make Dutch Industries Most Energy-Efficient Performers in World," International Environment Reporter, 25 June 1997.
220. Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 42; Table 6 from IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on ...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; "Pacts Would Aim to Make Dutch Industries Most Energy-Efficient Performers in World," International Environment Reporter, 25 June 1997.
221. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
222. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
223. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
224. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
225. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
226. 2 Monitoring (Cologne, 26 February 1996); Storey, op. cit. note 60; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Klaus Rennings et al., Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Protection - Experiences in Germany and Future Perspectives, Discussion Paper No. 97-04 E (Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftforschung, March 1997); European Environment Agency, Environmental Agreements: Environmental Effectiveness (Copenhagen, 1997).
227. U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United States of America" (Bonn, 26 February 1996); U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54.
228. U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United States of America" (Bonn, 26 February 1996); U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54.
229. U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United States of America" (Bonn, 26 February 1996); U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54.
230. U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United States of America" (Bonn, 26 February 1996); U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54.
231. U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on the in-depth review of the national communication of the United States of America" (Bonn, 26 February 1996); U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54.
232. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change Programs, Report to Congressional Committees (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Peter Tulej, "A Bright Light in Poland," E-Notes, August 1997; Ming Yang and Peter du Pont, "The Green Lights of China," E-Notes, March 1997; Steve Nadel, Guan Fu Min, Yu Cong, and Hu Dexia, Lighting Efficiency in China: Current Staus and Future Directions (Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 1997).
233. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change Programs, Report to Congressional Committees (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Peter Tulej, "A Bright Light in Poland," E-Notes, August 1997; Ming Yang and Peter du Pont, "The Green Lights of China," E-Notes, March 1997; Steve Nadel, Guan Fu Min, Yu Cong, and Hu Dexia, Lighting Efficiency in China: Current Staus and Future Directions (Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 1997).
234. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change Programs, Report to Congressional Committees (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Peter Tulej, "A Bright Light in Poland," E-Notes, August 1997; Ming Yang and Peter du Pont, "The Green Lights of China," E-Notes, March 1997; Steve Nadel, Guan Fu Min, Yu Cong, and Hu Dexia, Lighting Efficiency in China: Current Staus and Future Directions (Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 1997).
235. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change Programs, Report to Congressional Committees (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Peter Tulej, "A Bright Light in Poland," E-Notes, August 1997; Ming Yang and Peter du Pont, "The Green Lights of China," E-Notes, March 1997; Steve Nadel, Guan Fu Min, Yu Cong, and Hu Dexia, Lighting Efficiency in China: Current Staus and Future Directions (Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 1997).
236. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change
237. Ibid; Dolin, op. cit. note 54; U.S. General Accounting Office, Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Voluntary Climate Change Programs, Report to Congressional Committees (Washington, D.C., June 1997); Peter Tulej, "A Bright Light in Poland," E-Notes, August 1997; Ming Yang and Peter du Pont, "The Green Lights of China," E-Notes, March 1997; Steve Nadel, Guan Fu Min, Yu Cong, and Hu Dexia, Lighting Efficiency in China: Current Staus and Future Directions (Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 1997).
238. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
239. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
240. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
241. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
242. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
243. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
244. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
245. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
246. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
247. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
248. IEA, op. cit. note 51; Storey, op. cit. note 60; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, Corporate Action on Climate Change 1996: An Independent Review (Drayton Valley, Alberta, April 1997); Australia Institute, op. cit. note 30. 66. IEA, op. cit. note 51; "Japanese Industry Vows COReductions," Global Environmental Change Report; 14 March 1997; Storey, op. cit. note 60; "MITI Asks Industry to Aim for Improvements in Energy Efficiency of 1 Percent Annually," International Environment Reporter, 19 March 1997; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Japan," op. cit. note 53; Jonathan Lloyd-Owen, "Climate Change Fence-Sitting," Tomorrow, October 1997.
249. Bob Price and Caroline Hazard, "Voluntary Programs Catalyze Efficiency," E-Notes, March 1997; IIEC, op. cit. note 57.
250. Bob Price and Caroline Hazard, "Voluntary Programs Catalyze Efficiency," E-Notes, March 1997; IIEC, op. cit. note 57.
251. Watson, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 51.
252. Watson, op. cit. note 32; IEA, op. cit. note 51.
253. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
254. Watson, op. cit. note 32; Bruce et al., op. cit. note 7.
255. Text and Figure 9 from IEA, IEA Energy Technology R&D Statistics, 1974-1995 (Paris, 1997); Microsoft data from "Microsoft Corporation Information," as posted at http://wivw.microsoft.com/corpinfo/aboutms.htm, 24 October 1997.
256. Text and Figure 9 from IEA, IEA Energy Technology R&D Statistics, 1974-1995 (Paris, 1997); Microsoft data from "Microsoft Corporation Information," as posted at http://wivw.microsoft.com/corpinfo/aboutms.htm, 24 October 1997.
257. Text and Table 7 from IEA, Renewable Energy Policy in IEA Countries (Paris, 1997).
258. Ibid.
259. Ibid.
260. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
261. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
262. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
263. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
264. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
265. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
266. U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Renewing Our Energy Future (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1997); IEA, op. cit. note 71; Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, Climate Protection in Denmark, National Report of the Danish Government in Accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (Copenhagen, 1994); "Danish Turbine Industry Record," Wind Directions, October 1997; WWF, op. cit. note 30; COGEN Europe, European Cogeneration Review 1997 (Brussels, May 1997); U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Denmark," op. cit. note 40.
267. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Jan Hamrin and Nancy Rader, Investing in the Future: A Regulator's Guide to Renwables (Washington, D.C.: National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 1993); California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA, letter to authors, 17 October 1997.
268. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Jan Hamrin and Nancy Rader, Investing in the Future: A Regulator's Guide to Renwables (Washington, D.C.: National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 1993); California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA, letter to authors, 17 October 1997.
269. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Jan Hamrin and Nancy Rader, Investing in the Future: A Regulator's Guide to Renwables (Washington, D.C.: National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 1993); California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA, letter to authors, 17 October 1997.
270. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
271. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
272. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
273. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
274. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
275. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
276. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
277. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
278. COGEN Europe, op. cit. note 74; WWF, op. cit. note 30; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; "New Skyline for Dutch coast," Environmental News from the Netherlands, February 1997; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40.
279. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; Natural Resources Canada, Renewable Energy Strategy: Creating a New Momentum (Ottawa, October 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74.
280. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; Natural Resources Canada, Renewable Energy Strategy: Creating a New Momentum (Ottawa, October 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74.
281. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; Natural Resources Canada, Renewable Energy Strategy: Creating a New Momentum (Ottawa, October 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74.
282. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; Natural Resources Canada, Renewable Energy Strategy: Creating a New Momentum (Ottawa, October 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74.
283. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; Natural Resources Canada, Renewable Energy Strategy: Creating a New Momentum (Ottawa, October 1996); IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74.
284. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53; Andreas Wagner, Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energies in Europe - An Overview (Bonn: European Association for Solar Energy, September 1997); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
285. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53; Andreas Wagner, Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energies in Europe - An Overview (Bonn: European Association for Solar Energy, September 1997); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
286. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53; Andreas Wagner, Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energies in Europe - An Overview (Bonn: European Association for Solar Energy, September 1997); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
287. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53; Andreas Wagner, Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energies in Europe - An Overview (Bonn: European Association for Solar Energy, September 1997); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
288. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53; Andreas Wagner, Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energies in Europe - An Overview (Bonn: European Association for Solar Energy, September 1997); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
289. Wagner, op. cit. note 79; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
290. Wagner, op. cit. note 79; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
291. Wagner, op. cit. note 79; IEA, op. cit. note 71; Flavin, op. cit. note 23.
292. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the United Kingdom," op. cit. note 34; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34.
293. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the United Kingdom," op. cit. note 34; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34.
294. IEA, op. cit. note 71; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the United Kingdom," op. cit. note 34; U.K. Secretary of State for the Environment, op. cit. note 34.
295. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan, "Global Environmental Problems-Japanese Approaches," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24.
296. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan, "Global Environmental Problems-Japanese Approaches," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24.
297. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan, "Global Environmental Problems-Japanese Approaches," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24.
298. OTA, op. cit. note 74; IEA, op. cit. note 71; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan, "Global Environmental Problems-Japanese Approaches," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24.
299. "Japan Plans Big Solar Buildup," Finance in the Greenhouse, November 1996; Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A country-by-cowitry analysis of national programmes, Volume 2: Non-EU OECD Countries (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Brenda Biondo, "Pushing Solar Energy Through the Roof," Solar Industry Journal, second quarter 1997; "Japan to boost subsidies for clean energy use," Gallon Environment Letter, 3 September 1997.
300. "Japan Plans Big Solar Buildup," Finance in the Greenhouse, November 1996; Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A country-by-cowitry analysis of national programmes, Volume 2: Non-EU OECD Countries (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Brenda Biondo, "Pushing Solar Energy Through the Roof," Solar Industry Journal, second quarter 1997; "Japan to boost subsidies for clean energy use," Gallon Environment Letter, 3 September 1997.
301. "Japan Plans Big Solar Buildup," Finance in the Greenhouse, November 1996; Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A country-by-cowitry analysis of national programmes, Volume 2: Non-EU OECD Countries (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Brenda Biondo, "Pushing Solar Energy Through the Roof," Solar Industry Journal, second quarter 1997; "Japan to boost subsidies for clean energy use," Gallon Environment Letter, 3 September 1997.
302. "Japan Plans Big Solar Buildup," Finance in the Greenhouse, November 1996; Dean Anderson, Michael Grubb, and Joanna Depledge, Climate Change and the Energy Sector: A country-by-cowitry analysis of national programmes, Volume 2: Non-EU OECD Countries (London: Financial Times Energy, 1997); Brenda Biondo, "Pushing Solar Energy Through the Roof," Solar Industry Journal, second quarter 1997; "Japan to boost subsidies for clean energy use," Gallon Environment Letter, 3 September 1997.
303. OTA, op. cit. note 74; Biondo, op. cit. note 83; "German PV Program Applications-Centered," PV News, September 1997.
304. OTA, op. cit. note 74; Biondo, op. cit. note 83; "German PV Program Applications-Centered," PV News, September 1997.
305. OTA, op. cit. note 74; Biondo, op. cit. note 83; "German PV Program Applications-Centered," PV News, September 1997.
306. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; White House, "President Clinton's Address to UN General Assembly Special Session," New York, 26 June 1997; Yih-huei Wan, Net Metering Programs, Topical Issues Brief, Prepared for National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (Boulder, CO, December 1996); idem, letter to authors, 9 September 1997.
307. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; White House, "President Clinton's Address to UN General Assembly Special Session," New York, 26 June 1997; Yih-huei Wan, Net Metering Programs, Topical Issues Brief, Prepared for National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (Boulder, CO, December 1996); idem, letter to authors, 9 September 1997.
308. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; White House, "President Clinton's Address to UN General Assembly Special Session," New York, 26 June 1997; Yih-huei Wan, Net Metering Programs, Topical Issues Brief, Prepared for National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (Boulder, CO, December 1996); idem, letter to authors, 9 September 1997.
309. IEA, op. cit. note 71; OTA, op. cit. note 74; White House, "President Clinton's Address to UN General Assembly Special Session," New York, 26 June 1997; Yih-huei Wan, Net Metering Programs, Topical Issues Brief, Prepared for National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (Boulder, CO, December 1996); idem, letter to authors, 9 September 1997.
310. IEA, op. cit. note 71; Seth Dunn, "Power of Choice," World Watch, September/October 1997.
311. IEA, op. cit. note 71; Seth Dunn, "Power of Choice," World Watch, September/October 1997.
312. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Government of Brazil, "The Brazilian Fuel Ethanol Program," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; Mary Milliken and Mara Lemos, "Brazil is Trying to Save Invention, Alcohol Power," New York Times, 27 June 1997.
313. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Government of Brazil, "The Brazilian Fuel Ethanol Program," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; Mary Milliken and Mara Lemos, "Brazil is Trying to Save Invention, Alcohol Power," New York Times, 27 June 1997.
314. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Government of Brazil, "The Brazilian Fuel Ethanol Program," distributed at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly, New York, June 1997; Mary Milliken and Mara Lemos, "Brazil is Trying to Save Invention, Alcohol Power," New York Times, 27 June 1997.
315. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Flavin, op. cit. note 23; Rakesh Bakshi, "Country Survey: India," Wind Directions, April 1997.
316. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Flavin, op. cit. note 23; Rakesh Bakshi, "Country Survey: India," Wind Directions, April 1997.
317. IIEC, op. cit. note 57; Flavin, op. cit. note 23; Rakesh Bakshi, "Country Survey: India," Wind Directions, April 1997.
318. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
319. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
320. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
321. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
322. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
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324. World Bank, Renewable Energy for Electric Power (Washington, D.C.,1996); Flavin, op. cit. note 23; O'Meara, op. cit. note 24; IIEC, op. cit. note 57; F. Yang, D. Xin, and M.D. Levine, The Role of Cogeneration in China's Energy System (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1997); K. Capoor, A. Deutz, and K. Ramakrishna, "Toward Practical Implementation of Article 4.1 of the Climate Treaty," Paper prepared for Climate Change Analysis Workshop, Springfield, VA, 6-7 June 1996; Walter V. Reid and Jose Goldemberg, Are Developing Countries Already Doing as Much as Industrial Countries to Slow Climate Change? (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1997).
325. Watson, et al., op. cit. note 32.
326. Ibid; Merlyn McKenzie-Hedger, "Agriculture and Forestry: Identification of options for net GHG reduction," Working Paper 7, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); R. Neil Sampson, "Forests and global warming," Journal of Commerce, 2 July 1997.
327. Ibid; Merlyn McKenzie-Hedger, "Agriculture and Forestry: Identification of options for net GHG reduction," Working Paper 7, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); R. Neil Sampson, "Forests and global warming," Journal of Commerce, 2 July 1997.
328. Ibid; Merlyn McKenzie-Hedger, "Agriculture and Forestry: Identification of options for net GHG reduction," Working Paper 7, Annex I Expert Group on the UN FCCC (Paris: OECD, July 1996); R. Neil Sampson, "Forests and global warming," Journal of Commerce, 2 July 1997.
329. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; Anne Simon Moffat, "Resurgent Forests Can Be Greenhouse Gas Sponges," Science, 18 July 1997; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91.
330. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; Anne Simon Moffat, "Resurgent Forests Can Be Greenhouse Gas Sponges," Science, 18 July 1997; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91.
331. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; Anne Simon Moffat, "Resurgent Forests Can Be Greenhouse Gas Sponges," Science, 18 July 1997; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91.
332. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91.
333. Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91.
334. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
335. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
336. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
337. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
338. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
339. Ibid; Watson et al., op. cit. note 32; U.S. Department of State, op. cit. note 54; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35; NAICC, op. cit. note 54; Environment Canada, Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ottawa, May 1997).
340. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
341. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; CNE and US CAN, op. cit. note 35.
342. Watson, op. cit. note 32; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53.
343. Watson, op. cit. note 32; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53.
344. Watson, op. cit. note 32; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...Germany," op. cit. note 53.
345. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40.
346. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40.
347. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40.
348. McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; Ministry of Housing, op. cit. note 40; McKenzie-Hedger, op. cit. note 91; U.N. Framework Convention, "Report on...the Netherlands," op. cit. note 40.
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