Thermal and chemical structure of the Iceland plume

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 153, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 197-208

  Fitton, J G ^a   Saunders, A D ^b   Norry, M J ^b   Hardarson, B S ^a   Taylor, R N ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Basalts; Iceland; Mantle plumes; Mid ocean ridges; North Atlantic; Trace elements

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; MANTLE PLUME; MID OCEAN RIDGE; MORB;

EID: 0031408779     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00170-2     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. R. White, D. McKenzie, Magmatism at rift zones: the generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts, J. Geophys. Res. 94 (1989) 7685-7729.
2. R.W. Griffiths, I.H. Campbell, Stirring and structure in mantle starting plumes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 99 (1990) 66-78.
3. M.A. Richards, R.A. Duncan, V.E. Courtillot, Flood basalts and hot-spot tracks: plume heads and tails, Science 246 (1989) 103-107.
4. P.J. Tackley, D.J. Stevenson, G.A. Glatzmaier, G. Schubert, Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle, Nature (London) 361 (1993) 699-704.
5. A.D. Saunders, J.G. Fitton, A.C. Kerr, M.J. Norry, R.W. Kent, The North Atlantic igneous province, in: J.J. Mahoney, M.F. Coffin (Eds.), Large Igneous Provinces, Am. Geophys. Union Monogr. (in press).
6. L.A. Lawver, R.D. Müllier, Iceland hotspot track, Geology 22 (1994) 311-314.
7. H.C. Larsen, S. Jakobsdóttir, Distribution, crustal properties and significance of seawards-dipping sub-basement reflectors off E Greenland, in: A.C. Morton, L.M. Parson (Eds.), Early Tertiary Volcanism and the Opening of the NE Atlantic, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 39 (1988) 95-114.
8. R.S. White, G.D. Spence, S.R. Fowler, D. McKenzie, G.K. Westbrook, A.N. Bowen, Magmatism at rifted continental margins, Nature (London) 330 (1987) 439-444.
9. E.M. Klein, C.H. Langmuir, Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness, J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 8089-8115.
10. J.-G. Schilling, M. Zajac, R. Evans, T. Johnston, W. White, J.D. Devine, R. Kingsley, Petrologic and geochemical variations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 27°N to 73°N, Am. J. Sci. 283 (1983) 510-586.
11. S.R. Hart, J.-G. Schilling, J.L. Powell, Basalts from Iceland and along the Reykjanes Ridge: Sr isotope geochemistry, Nature (London) Phys. Sci. 246 (1973) 104-107.
12. R.N. Taylor, M.F. Thirlwall, B.J. Murton, D.R. Hilton, M.A.M. Gee, Isotopic constraints on the influence of the Icelandic plume, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148 (1997) E1-E8.
13. R.W. Kent, M. Storey, A.D. Saunders, Large igneous provinces: Sites of plume impact or plume incubation?, Geology 20 (1992) 891-894.
14. J.-G. Schilling, P.S. Meyer, R.H. Kingsley, Rare earth geochemistry of Iceland basalts: spatial and temporal variations, in: M.H.P. Bott, S. Saxov, M. Talwani, J. Thiede (Eds.), Structure and Development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge - New methods and Concepts, Plenum, New York, NY, 1983, pp. 319-342.
15. C. Hémond, N. Arndt, U. Lichtenstein, A.W. Hofmann, N. Oskarsson, S. Steinthorsson, The heterogeneous Iceland plume: Nd-Sr-O isotopes and trace element constraints, J. Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 15833-15850.
16. M.F. Thirlwall, Generation of the Pb isotopic characteristics of the Iceland plume, J. Geol. Soc., London 152 (1995) 991-996.
17. A.C. Kerr, A.D. Saunders, J. Tarney, N.H. Berry, V.L. Hards, Depleted mantle-plume geochemical signatures: No paradox for plume theories, Geology 23 (1995) 843-846.
18. D.F. Mertz, K.M. Haase, The radiogenic isotope composition of the high-latitude North Atlantic mantle, Geology 25 (1997) 411-414.
19. D. McKenzie, R.K. O'Nions, Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare-earth element data, J. Petrol. 32 (1991) 1021-1091.
20. D. McKenzie, R.K. O'Nions, The source regions of ocean island basalts, J. Petrol. 36 (1995) 133-159.
21. A.D. Saunders, M.J. Norry, J. Tarney, Origin of MORB and chemically-depleted mantle reservoirs: trace element constraints, J. Petrol., Spec. Lithosphere Iss. (1988) 415-445.
22. B.S. Hardarson, Alkalic rocks in Iceland with special reference to the Snaefellsjökull volcanic system, Ph.D. Thesis, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, 1993 (unpublished).
23. T. Furman, F.A. Frey, K.-H. Park, Chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of mildly alkaline lavas from Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland: the Eldfell (1973) and Surtsey (1963-1967) eruptions, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109 (1991) 19-37.
24. H. Nicholson, The magmatic evolution of Krafla, NE Iceland, Ph.D. Thesis, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, 1990 (unpublished).
25. L. Slater, Melt generation beneath Iceland, Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 1996 (unpublished).
26. J.J. Mahoney, J.M. Sinton, J.D. Macdougall, K.J. Spencer, G.W. Lugmair, Isotope and trace element characteristics of a super-fast spreading ridge: East Pacific rise, 13-23°S, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121 (1994) 173-193.
27. A.W. Hofmann, Chemical differentiation of the Earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90 (1988) 297-314.
28. S.-S. Sun, W.F. McDonough, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes, in: A.D. Saunders, M.J. Norry (Eds.), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 42 (1989) 313-345.
29. W.F. McDonough, S.-s. Sun, The composition of the Earth, Chem. Geol. 120 (1995) 223-253.
30. R.L. Rudnick, D.M. Fountain, Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective, Rev. Geophys. 33 (1995) 267-309.
31. J.G. Fitton, A.D. Saunders, L.M. Larsen, B.S. Hardarson, M.J. Norry, Volcanic rocks from the southeast Greenland margin at 63°N: composition, petrogenesis and mantle sources, in: A.D. Saunders, H.C. Larsen, S.H. Wise (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 152, Ocean Drill. Prog., College Station, TX (in press).
32. C.J. Robinson, R.S. White, M.J. Bickle, T.A. Minshull, Restricted melting under the very slow-spreading Southwest Indian ridge, in: C.J. MacLeod, P.A. Tyler, C.L. Walker, Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geol. Soc. London. Spec. Publ. 118 (1996) 313-345.
33. D.M. Shaw, Trace element fractionation during anatexis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34 (1970) 237-243.
34. A. Rochall, T. Ludwig, R. Altherr, H.-P. Meyer, G. Brey, S. Velz, H.-A. Seck, V. Bulatov, Experimental partitioning of trace elements between clinopyroxene, garnet and basanitic melts studied by ion microprobe, J. Conf. Abstr. 1 (1996) 517-518.
35. K.T. Johnson, H.J.B. Dick, N. Shimizu, Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: an ion microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites, J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 2661-2678.
36. A.V. Sobolev, N. Shimizu, Ultra-depleted primary melt included in an olivine from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Nature (London) 363 (1993) 151-154.
37. J. Brodie, J.G. Fitton, Composition of basaltic lavas from the seaward-dipping reflector sequence recovered during DSDP Leg 81, in: A.D. Saunders, H.C. Larsen, S.H. Wise (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 152, Ocean Drill. Prog., College Station, TX (in press).
38. L.G. Viereck, P.N. Taylor, L.M. Parson, A.C. Morton, J. Hertogen, I.L. Gibson, The ODP Leg 104 Scientific Party, Origin of the Palaeogene Vøring Plateau volcanic sequence, in: A.C. Morton, L.M. Parson (Eds.), Early Tertiary Volcanism and the Opening of the NE Atlantic, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 39 (1988) 69-83.
39. Parson, L., Viereck, L., Love, D., Gibson, I., Morton, A., Hertogen, J., The petrology of the lower series volcanics, ODP Site 642, in: O. Eldholm, J. Thiede, E. Taylor, et al. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 104, Ocean Drill. Prog., College Station, TX, 1989, pp. 419-428.
40. J. Tarney, A.D. Saunders, S.D. Weaver, N.C.B. Donnellan, G.L. Hendry, Minor-element geochemistry of basalts from Leg 49, North Atlantic Ocean, in: B.P. Luyendyk, J.R. Cann, et al. (Eds.), Init. Rep. DSDP, vol. 49, U.S. Gov. Print. Off., Washington, DC, 1978, pp. 657-691.
41. R.J. Merriman, P.N. Taylor, A.C. Morton, Petrochemistry and isotope geochemistry of early Palaeogene basalts forming the dipping reflector sequence SW of Rockall Plateau, NE Atlantic, in: A.C. Morton, L.M Parson (Eds.), Early Tertiary Volcanism and the Opening of the NE Atlantic, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 39 (1988) 123-134.
42. A.C. Morton, J.E. Dixon, J.G. Fitton, R.M. Macintyre, D.K. Smythe, P.N. Taylor, Early Tertiary volcanic rocks in Well 163/6-1A, Rockall Trough, in: A.C. Morton, L.M Parson (Eds.), Early Tertiary Volcanism and the Opening of the NE Atlantic, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 39 (1988) 69-83.
43. D.A. Wood, J. Tarney, J. Varet, A.D. Saunders, H. Bougault, J.-L. Joron, M. Treuil, J.R. Cann, Geochemistry of basalts drilled in the North Atlantic by IPOD Leg 49: implications for mantle heterogeneity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 42 (1979) 77-97.
44. N. Hald, R. Waagstein, Lithology and chemistry of a 2-km sequence of Lower Tertiary tholeiitic lavas drilled on Sunduroy, Faeroe Islands (Lopra-1), in: O. Berthelsen, A. Noe-Nygaard, J. Rasmussen (Eds.), The Deep Drilling Project 1980-1981 in the Faeroe Islands, Føroya Fródskaparfelag, Torshavn, 1984, pp. 15-38.
45. C. Gariépy, J. Ludden, C. Brooks, Isotopic and trace element constraints on the genesis of the Faeroe lava pile, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 63 (1983) 257-272.
46. P.M. Holm, R.C.O. Gill, A.K. Pedersen, J.G. Larsen, N. Hald, T.F.D. Nielsen, M.F. Thirlwall, The Tertiary picrites of West Greenland: contributions from "Icelandic" and other sources, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 115 (1993) 227-244.
47. L.M. Larsen, W.S. Watt, M. Watt, Geology and petrology of the Lower Tertiary plateau basalts of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland, Grønl. Geol. Unders. Bull. 157 (1989).
48. B.G.J. Upton, C.H. Emeleus, R.D. Beckinsale, Petrology of the northern East Greenland Tertiary flood basalts: evidence from Hold with Hope and Wollaston Forland, J. Petrol. 25 (1984) 151-184.
49. A.C. Kerr, The geochemical stratigraphy, field relations and temporal variation of the Mull-Morvern Tertiary lava succession, NW Scotland, Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci., 86 35-47.
50. J.A. Chalmers, L.M. Larsen, A.K. Pedersen, Widespread Palaeocene volcanism around the northern North Atlantic and Labrador Sea: evidence for a large, hot, early plume head, J. Geol. Soc., London 152 (1995) 965-969.
51. P.A. Nadin, N.J. Kusznir, M.J. Cheadle, Early Tertiary plume uplift of the North Sea and Faeroe-Shetland Basins, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148 (1997) 109-127.