메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 19, 1997, Pages 4181-4200

Strontium, neodymium, and lead isotope variations of authigenic and silicate sediment components from the Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean: Implications for sediment provenance and the source of trace metals in seawater

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHIGENIC MINERALS; CAINOZOIC; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LEAD; MARINE SEDIMENT; NEODYMIUM; PROVENANCE; SEAWATER; SILICATES; STRONTIUM; TRACE METALS;

EID: 0031408326     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00215-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (110)

References (165)
  • 1
    • 0000757412 scopus 로고
    • The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation
    • Aagaard K. and Carmack E. C. (1989) The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 14,485-14,498.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 14485-14498
    • Aagaard, K.1    Carmack, E.C.2
  • 2
    • 0001867180 scopus 로고
    • The Arctic Ocean and climate
    • The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment (ed. O. M. Johannessen et al.); AGU
    • Aagaard K. and Carmack E. C. (1994) The Arctic Ocean and climate. In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment (ed. O. M. Johannessen et al.); Geophys. Monogr. 85, 5-20. AGU.
    • (1994) Geophys. Monogr. , vol.85 , pp. 5-20
    • Aagaard, K.1    Carmack, E.C.2
  • 4
    • 0001301838 scopus 로고
    • Thermohaline circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas
    • Aagaard K., Swift J. H., and Carmack E. C. (1985) Thermohaline circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 4833-4846.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 4833-4846
    • Aagaard, K.1    Swift, J.H.2    Carmack, E.C.3
  • 5
    • 0028880131 scopus 로고
    • A lead isotopic study of Circum-Antarctic manganese nodules
    • Abouchami W. and Goldstein S. L. (1995) A lead isotopic study of Circum-Antarctic manganese nodules. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1809-1820.
    • (1995) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.59 , pp. 1809-1820
    • Abouchami, W.1    Goldstein, S.L.2
  • 6
    • 84879889320 scopus 로고
    • World map of neodymium isotopes in sea floor ferromanganese deposits
    • Albarede F. and Goldstein S. L. (1992) World map of neodymium isotopes in sea floor ferromanganese deposits. Geology 20, 761-763.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 761-763
    • Albarede, F.1    Goldstein, S.L.2
  • 7
    • 0026295581 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic compositions of cerium, neodymium, and strontium in ferromanganese nodules from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Baltic and Barents Seas, and the Gulf of Bothnia
    • Amakawa H., Ingri J., Masuda A., and Shimizu H. (1991) Isotopic compositions of cerium, neodymium, and strontium in ferromanganese nodules from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Baltic and Barents Seas, and the Gulf of Bothnia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 105, 554-565.
    • (1991) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.105 , pp. 554-565
    • Amakawa, H.1    Ingri, J.2    Masuda, A.3    Shimizu, H.4
  • 8
    • 0027387628 scopus 로고
    • The lead isotopic evolution of the Earth: Inferences from river water suspended loads
    • Asmerom Y. and Jacobsen S. B. (1993) The lead isotopic evolution of the Earth: inferences from river water suspended loads. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 115, 245-256.
    • (1993) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.115 , pp. 245-256
    • Asmerom, Y.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 9
    • 0026051052 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in lead isotopic compositions of feldspars in plutonic rocks of the Northern Appalachian mountains, USA and Canada: A geochemical method of terrane correlation
    • Ayuso R. A. and Bevier M. L. (1991) Regional differences in lead isotopic compositions of feldspars in plutonic rocks of the Northern Appalachian mountains, USA and Canada: A geochemical method of terrane correlation. Tectonics 10, 191-212.
    • (1991) Tectonics , vol.10 , pp. 191-212
    • Ayuso, R.A.1    Bevier, M.L.2
  • 10
    • 0022925485 scopus 로고
    • Alteration and metamorphism of Amitsoq gneisses from the Isukasia area, West Greenland: Recommendations for isotope studies of the early crust
    • Baadsgaard H., Nutman A. P., Rosing M., Bridgwater D., and Longstaffe F.J. (1986) Alteration and metamorphism of Amitsoq gneisses from the Isukasia area, West Greenland: Recommendations for isotope studies of the early crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2165-2172.
    • (1986) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.50 , pp. 2165-2172
    • Baadsgaard, H.1    Nutman, A.P.2    Rosing, M.3    Bridgwater, D.4    Longstaffe, F.J.5
  • 11
    • 0026446011 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic compositions of felsic igneous rocks in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
    • Barr S. M. and Hegner E. (1992) Neodymium isotopic compositions of felsic igneous rocks in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 29, 650-657.
    • (1992) Canadian J. Earth Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 650-657
    • Barr, S.M.1    Hegner, E.2
  • 12
    • 0027878935 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic evidence for transient, highly depleted mantle reservoirs in the early history of the Earth
    • Bennett V. C., Nutman A. P., and McCulloch M. T. (1993) Neodymium isotopic evidence for transient, highly depleted mantle reservoirs in the early history of the Earth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 299-317.
    • (1993) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.119 , pp. 299-317
    • Bennett, V.C.1    Nutman, A.P.2    McCulloch, M.T.3
  • 13
    • 0024909578 scopus 로고
    • The geochemistry of marine sediments, island arc magma genesis, and crust-mantle recycling
    • Ben Othman D., White W. M., and Patchett J. (1989) The geochemistry of marine sediments, island arc magma genesis, and crust-mantle recycling. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 94, 1-21.
    • (1989) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.94 , pp. 1-21
    • Ben Othman, D.1    White, W.M.2    Patchett, J.3
  • 14
    • 0027388535 scopus 로고
    • The geochemical balance of rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in the oceans
    • Bertram C. J. and Elderfield H. (1993) The geochemical balance of rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in the oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 1957-1986.
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 1957-1986
    • Bertram, C.J.1    Elderfield, H.2
  • 15
    • 0027510811 scopus 로고
    • Pb-Nd-Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of the Caledonian Bindal Batholith, central Norway
    • Birkeland A., Nordgulen A., Cumming G. L., and Bjørlykke (1993) Pb-Nd-Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of the Caledonian Bindal Batholith, central Norway. Lithos 29, 257-271.
    • (1993) Lithos , vol.29 , pp. 257-271
    • Birkeland, A.1    Nordgulen, A.2    Cumming, G.L.3    Bjørlykke4
  • 16
    • 0030426082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene paleoceanography of the central Arctic Ocean: The sources of ice rafted debris and the compressed sedimentary record
    • Bischof J., Clark D. L., and Vincent J.-S. (1996) Pleistocene paleoceanography of the central Arctic Ocean: The sources of ice rafted debris and the compressed sedimentary record. Paleoceanography 11, 743-756.
    • (1996) Paleoceanography , vol.11 , pp. 743-756
    • Bischof, J.1    Clark, D.L.2    Vincent, J.-S.3
  • 17
    • 0027498817 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotope systematics of strata-bound sulfide deposits in the Caledonides of Norway
    • Bjørlykke A., Vokes F. M., Birkeland A., and Thorpe R. I. (1993) Lead isotope systematics of strata-bound sulfide deposits in the Caledonides of Norway. Econ. Geol. 88, 397-417.
    • (1993) Econ. Geol. , vol.88 , pp. 397-417
    • Bjørlykke, A.1    Vokes, F.M.2    Birkeland, A.3    Thorpe, R.I.4
  • 18
    • 0038618047 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotopic composition of feldspars from Scottish Caledonian granites and the nature of the underlying crust
    • Blaxland A. B., Aftalion M., and van Breemen O. (1979) Lead isotopic composition of feldspars from Scottish Caledonian Granites and the nature of the underlying crust. Scott. J. Geol. 15, 139-151.
    • (1979) Scott. J. Geol. , vol.15 , pp. 139-151
    • Blaxland, A.B.1    Aftalion, M.2    Van Breemen, O.3
  • 19
    • 0023699802 scopus 로고
    • 2 cycles
    • 2 cycles. Nature 331, 55-56.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 55-56
    • Boyle, E.A.1
  • 20
    • 0024785097 scopus 로고
    • The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles
    • Broecker W. S. and Denton G. H. (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 2465-2501.
    • (1989) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.53 , pp. 2465-2501
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Denton, G.H.2
  • 22
    • 0025595227 scopus 로고
    • Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen Volcanic Center
    • Bullen T. D. and Clynne M. A. (1990) Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen Volcanic Center. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 19,671-19,691.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 19671-19691
    • Bullen, T.D.1    Clynne, M.A.2
  • 23
    • 0042899760 scopus 로고
    • The influence of erosion and paleogeography on seawater neodymium during the past 20 million years
    • Burton K. W., O'Nions R. K., Martel D. J., and Hein J. R. (1994) The influence of erosion and paleogeography on seawater neodymium during the past 20 million years. Mineral. Mag. 58A, 136-137.
    • (1994) Mineral. Mag. , vol.58 A , pp. 136-137
    • Burton, K.W.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Martel, D.J.3    Hein, J.R.4
  • 24
    • 0002418014 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical variation in ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the Pacific Ocean
    • Calvert S. E. and Price N. B. (1977) Geochemical variation in ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the Pacific Ocean. Mar. Chem. 5, 43-74.
    • (1977) Mar. Chem. , vol.5 , pp. 43-74
    • Calvert, S.E.1    Price, N.B.2
  • 25
    • 0007616119 scopus 로고
    • Homogeneity of strontium isotopes in the oceans
    • abstr
    • Capo R. C. and DePaolo D. J. (1992) Homogeneity of strontium isotopes in the oceans. EOS 73, 272 (abstr).
    • (1992) EOS , vol.73 , pp. 272
    • Capo, R.C.1    DePaolo, D.J.2
  • 26
    • 0002529844 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale physical oceanography of polar oceans
    • ed. W. O. Smith, Jr., Academic Press
    • Carmack E. C. (1990) Large-scale physical oceanography of polar oceans. In Polar Oceanography, Part A: Physical Science (ed. W. O. Smith, Jr.), pp. 171-222. Academic Press.
    • (1990) Polar Oceanography, Part A: Physical Science , pp. 171-222
    • Carmack, E.C.1
  • 28
    • 0000507045 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence and significance of lead isotopes in pelagic sediments
    • Chow T. J. and Patterson C. C. (1962) The occurrence and significance of lead isotopes in pelagic sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 26, 263-308.
    • (1962) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.26 , pp. 263-308
    • Chow, T.J.1    Patterson, C.C.2
  • 29
    • 0002311585 scopus 로고
    • Arctic ocean ice cover; geologic history and climate significance
    • The Arctic Ocean Region (ed. A. Grantz et al.); Geol. Soc. Amer.
    • Clark D. L. (1990) Arctic Ocean ice cover; geologic history and climate significance. In The Arctic Ocean Region (ed. A. Grantz et al.); Geol. North Amer. L, 53-62. Geol. Soc. Amer.
    • (1990) Geol. North Amer. , vol.50 , pp. 53-62
    • Clark, D.L.1
  • 30
    • 0029749829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pliocene record in the central Arctic Ocean
    • Clark D. L. (1996) The Pliocene record in the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontol. 27, 157-164.
    • (1996) Marine Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 157-164
    • Clark, D.L.1
  • 34
    • 3042761188 scopus 로고
    • Chronology and mechanism of depletion in Lewisian granulites
    • Cohen A. S., O'Nions R. K., and O'Hara M. J. (1991) Chronology and mechanism of depletion in Lewisian granulites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol 106, 142-153.
    • (1991) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol , vol.106 , pp. 142-153
    • Cohen, A.S.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    O'Hara, M.J.3
  • 35
    • 0024197044 scopus 로고
    • Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: Observations and model simulations
    • COHMAP Members (1988) Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: Observations and model simulations. Science 241, 1043-1052.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1043-1052
  • 36
    • 0022182553 scopus 로고
    • Sea ice motion as a drunkard's walk
    • Colony R. and Thorndike A. S. (1985) Sea ice motion as a drunkard's walk. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 965-974.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 965-974
    • Colony, R.1    Thorndike, A.S.2
  • 37
    • 0029836590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical approach to source determination of lithic and iron oxide grains: An example from the Alpha Ridge, Arctic Ocean
    • Darby D. A. and Bischof J. F. (1996) A statistical approach to source determination of lithic and iron oxide grains: An example from the Alpha Ridge, Arctic Ocean. J. Sediment. Res. 66, 599-607.
    • (1996) J. Sediment. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 599-607
    • Darby, D.A.1    Bischof, J.F.2
  • 38
    • 0024876450 scopus 로고
    • Sediment composition and sedimentary processes in the Arctic Ocean
    • ed. Y. Hearman, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
    • Darby D. A., Naidu A. S., Mowatt T. C., and Jones G. (1989) Sediment composition and sedimentary processes in the Arctic Ocean. In The Arctic Seas (ed. Y. Hearman), pp. 657-720. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
    • (1989) The Arctic Seas , pp. 657-720
    • Darby, D.A.1    Naidu, A.S.2    Mowatt, T.C.3    Jones, G.4
  • 39
    • 30744466309 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic evidence for the tectonic assembly of Late Archean crust in the Slave Province, northwest Canada
    • Davis W. J. and Hegner E. (1992) Neodymium isotopic evidence for the tectonic assembly of Late Archean crust in the Slave Province, northwest Canada. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 111, 493-504.
    • (1992) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.111 , pp. 493-504
    • Davis, W.J.1    Hegner, E.2
  • 40
    • 0023732124 scopus 로고
    • The neodymium and strontium isotopic evolution of Proterozoic seawater
    • Derry L. A. and Jacobsen S. B. (1988) The neodymium and strontium isotopic evolution of Proterozoic seawater. Geophys. Res. Let. 15, 397-400.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Let. , vol.15 , pp. 397-400
    • Derry, L.A.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 41
    • 0000284941 scopus 로고
    • Basement geology and tectonic evolution of Ireland as deduced from lead isotopes
    • Dixon P. R., LeHuray A. P., and Rye D. M. (1990) Basement geology and tectonic evolution of Ireland as deduced from lead isotopes. J. Geol. Soc. London 147, 121-132.
    • (1990) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.147 , pp. 121-132
    • Dixon, P.R.1    LeHuray, A.P.2    Rye, D.M.3
  • 42
    • 0003212640 scopus 로고
    • Paleogeography of northern North America 18,000-12,000 years ago
    • Dyke A. S. and Prest V. K. (1987a) Paleogeography of northern North America 18,000-12,000 years ago. Geologic Survey of Canada Map 1703A.
    • (1987) Geologic Survey of Canada Map
    • Dyke, A.S.1    Prest, V.K.2
  • 43
    • 0023490792 scopus 로고
    • Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide ice sheet
    • Dyke A. S. and Prest V. K. (1987b) Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Geograph. Phys. Quat. 41, 237-263.
    • (1987) Geograph. Phys. Quat. , vol.41 , pp. 237-263
    • Dyke, A.S.1    Prest, V.K.2
  • 44
    • 0021283023 scopus 로고
    • Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP sites H, S, and R: Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes
    • Dymond J. et al. (1984) Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP sites H, S, and R: Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 931-949.
    • (1984) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.48 , pp. 931-949
    • Dymond, J.1
  • 45
    • 0019999188 scopus 로고
    • The rare earth elements in seawater
    • Elderfield H. and Greaves M. J. (1982) The rare earth elements in seawater. Nature 296, 214-219.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 214-219
    • Elderfield, H.1    Greaves, M.J.2
  • 46
    • 0025224393 scopus 로고
    • The rare earth elements in rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of ocean waters
    • Elderfield H., Upstill-Goddard R., and Sholkovitz E. R. (1990) The rare earth elements in rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of ocean waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 971-991.
    • (1990) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.54 , pp. 971-991
    • Elderfield, H.1    Upstill-Goddard, R.2    Sholkovitz, E.R.3
  • 49
    • 0020974816 scopus 로고
    • Vertical concentration profiles of lead in the Central Pacific at 15°N and 20°S
    • Flegal A. R. and Patterson C. C. (1983) Vertical concentration profiles of lead in the Central Pacific at 15°N and 20°S. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 64, 19-32.
    • (1983) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.64 , pp. 19-32
    • Flegal, A.R.1    Patterson, C.C.2
  • 50
    • 0000803045 scopus 로고
    • Magma sources for Mesozoic anorogenics granites of the White Mountain magma series, New England, USA
    • Foland K. A. and Allen J. C. (1991) Magma sources for Mesozoic anorogenics granites of the White Mountain magma series, New England, USA. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109, 195-211.
    • (1991) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.109 , pp. 195-211
    • Foland, K.A.1    Allen, J.C.2
  • 51
    • 0019624478 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic evolution of northeastern Siberia and adjacent regions
    • Fujita K. and Newberry J. T. (1982) Tectonic evolution of northeastern Siberia and adjacent regions. Tectonophysics 89, 337-357.
    • (1982) Tectonophysics , vol.89 , pp. 337-357
    • Fujita, K.1    Newberry, J.T.2
  • 52
    • 0024255238 scopus 로고
    • Strontium and neodymium isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance
    • Futa K., Peterman Z. E., and Hein J. R. (1988) Strontium and neodymium isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 2229-2233.
    • (1988) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.52 , pp. 2229-2233
    • Futa, K.1    Peterman, Z.E.2    Hein, J.R.3
  • 53
    • 0022266487 scopus 로고
    • The lead isotope geochemistry and geochronology of late-kinematic intrusives from the Abitibi greenstone belt, and the implications for late Archaean crustal evolution
    • Gariépy C. and Allègre C. J. (1985) The lead isotope geochemistry and geochronology of late-kinematic intrusives from the Abitibi greenstone belt, and the implications for late Archaean crustal evolution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 2371-2383.
    • (1985) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 2371-2383
    • Gariépy, C.1    Allègre, C.J.2
  • 54
    • 84879885778 scopus 로고
    • Dating Archean metamorphic minerals southeast of the Grenville front, western Quebec, using lead isotopes
    • Gariépy C., Verner D., and Doig R. (1990) Dating Archean metamorphic minerals southeast of the Grenville front, western Quebec, using lead isotopes. Geology 18, 1078-1081.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 1078-1081
    • Gariépy, C.1    Verner, D.2    Doig, R.3
  • 56
    • 0023159695 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules and sediments from the equatorial and S.W. Pacific
    • Glasby G. P., Gwozdz R., Kunzendorf H., Friedrich G., and Thijssen T. (1987) The distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules and sediments from the equatorial and S.W. Pacific. Lithos 20, 97-113.
    • (1987) Lithos , vol.20 , pp. 97-113
    • Glasby, G.P.1    Gwozdz, R.2    Kunzendorf, H.3    Friedrich, G.4    Thijssen, T.5
  • 57
    • 0023488741 scopus 로고
    • The neodymium and strontium isotopic systematics of river-water dissolved material: Implications for the sources of Nd and Sr in seawater
    • Goldstein S. L. and Jacobsen S. B. (1987) The neodymium and strontium isotopic systematics of river-water dissolved material: Implications for the sources of Nd and Sr in seawater. Chem. Geol. (Isotope Geosci.) 66, 245-272.
    • (1987) Chem. Geol. (Isotope Geosci.) , vol.66 , pp. 245-272
    • Goldstein, S.L.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 58
    • 0023708351 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium and strontium systematics of river water suspended material: Implications for crustal evolution
    • Goldstein S. L. and Jacobsen S. B. (1988) Neodymium and strontium systematics of river water suspended material: Implications for crustal evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 87, 249-265.
    • (1988) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.87 , pp. 249-265
    • Goldstein, S.L.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 59
    • 0019381981 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium and strontium isotope relationships in pelagic clays and ferromanganese deposits
    • Goldstein S. L. and O'Nions R. K. (1981) Neodymium and strontium isotope relationships in pelagic clays and ferromanganese deposits. Nature 292, 324-327.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.292 , pp. 324-327
    • Goldstein, S.L.1    O'Nions, R.K.2
  • 60
    • 0021593950 scopus 로고
    • A Sm-Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems
    • Goldstein S. L., O'Nions R. K., and Hamilton P. J. (1984) A Sm-Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 70, 221-236.
    • (1984) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.70 , pp. 221-236
    • Goldstein, S.L.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Hamilton, P.J.3
  • 61
    • 0002656181 scopus 로고
    • Circulation and physics of the Arctic basin waters
    • Annals of the International Geophysical Year (ed. A. L. Gordon and F. W. G. Baker); Pergamon
    • Gordienko P. A. and Laktionov A. F. (1969) Circulation and physics of the Arctic basin waters. In Annals of the International Geophysical Year (ed. A. L. Gordon and F. W. G. Baker); Oceanography 46, 94-112. Pergamon.
    • (1969) Oceanography , vol.46 , pp. 94-112
    • Gordienko, P.A.1    Laktionov, A.F.2
  • 62
    • 0018724772 scopus 로고
    • Geology and tectonic development of the continental margin of North America
    • Grantz A, Eittrem S., and Dinter D.A. (1979) Geology and tectonic development of the continental margin of North America. Tectonophysics 58, 263-291.
    • (1979) Tectonophysics , vol.58 , pp. 263-291
    • Grantz, A.1    Eittrem, S.2    Dinter, D.A.3
  • 63
    • 0026048931 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth elements in the Mediterranean Sea and mixing in the Mediterranean outflow
    • Greaves M. J., Rudnicki M., and Elderfield H. (1991) Rare earth elements in the Mediterranean Sea and mixing in the Mediterranean outflow. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 103, 169-181.
    • (1991) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 169-181
    • Greaves, M.J.1    Rudnicki, M.2    Elderfield, H.3
  • 64
    • 0028177517 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth element mobilization from marine atmospheric dust into seawater
    • Greaves M. J., Statham P. J., and Elderfield H. (1994) Rare earth element mobilization from marine atmospheric dust into seawater. Mar. Chem. 46, 255-260.
    • (1994) Mar. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 255-260
    • Greaves, M.J.1    Statham, P.J.2    Elderfield, H.3
  • 66
    • 0029752266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the sources of icebergs with lead isotopes: The provenance of ice-rafted debris in Heinrich layer 2
    • Gwiazda R. H., Hemming S. R., and Broecker W. S. (1996) Tracking the sources of icebergs with lead isotopes: The provenance of ice-rafted debris in Heinrich layer 2. Paleoceanography 11, 77-93.
    • (1996) Paleoceanography , vol.11 , pp. 77-93
    • Gwiazda, R.H.1    Hemming, S.R.2    Broecker, W.S.3
  • 67
    • 0002654852 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd isotopic investigations of Isua supracrustals and implications for mantle evolution
    • Hamilton P. J., O'Nions R. K., Evensen N. M., Bridgwater D., and Allaart J H. (1978) Sm-Nd isotopic investigations of Isua supracrustals and implications for mantle evolution. Nature 272, 41-43.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.272 , pp. 41-43
    • Hamilton, P.J.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Evensen, N.M.3    Bridgwater, D.4    Allaart, J.H.5
  • 68
    • 0002654853 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd systematics of Lewisian gneisses: Implications for the origin of granulites
    • Hamilton P. J., Evensen N. M., O'Nions R. K., and Tarney J. (1979) Sm-Nd systematics of Lewisian gneisses: Implications for the origin of granulites. Nature 277, 25-28.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.277 , pp. 25-28
    • Hamilton, P.J.1    Evensen, N.M.2    O'Nions, R.K.3    Tarney, J.4
  • 69
    • 0020646554 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd studies of Archaean metasediments and metavolcanics from West Greenland and their implications for the Earth's early history
    • Hamilton P. J., O'Nions R. K., Bridgwater D., and Nutman A. (1983) Sm-Nd studies of Archaean metasediments and metavolcanics from West Greenland and their implications for the Earth's early history. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 62, 263-272.
    • (1983) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.62 , pp. 263-272
    • Hamilton, P.J.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Bridgwater, D.3    Nutman, A.4
  • 70
    • 0024904345 scopus 로고
    • The influence of recent lead loss on the interpretation of disturbed U-Pb systems in zircons from igneous rocks in East Greenland
    • Hansen B. T. and Friderichsen J. D. (1989) The influence of recent lead loss on the interpretation of disturbed U-Pb systems in zircons from igneous rocks in East Greenland. Lithos 23, 209-223.
    • (1989) Lithos , vol.23 , pp. 209-223
    • Hansen, B.T.1    Friderichsen, J.D.2
  • 71
    • 0000991917 scopus 로고
    • Lead, strontium, and neodymium isotopes in basalts and sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge
    • Hegner E and Tatsumoto M. (1987) Lead, strontium, and neodymium isotopes in basalts and sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 11,380-11,386.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 11380-11386
    • Hegner, E.1    Tatsumoto, M.2
  • 72
    • 0028175254 scopus 로고
    • Particulate and dissolved Nd in the western Mediterranean Sea: Sources, fate, and budget
    • Henry F., Jeandel C., Dupre B., and Minster J. -F. (1994) Particulate and dissolved Nd in the western Mediterranean Sea: Sources, fate, and budget. Mar. Chem. 45, 283-305.
    • (1994) Mar. Chem. , vol.45 , pp. 283-305
    • Henry, F.1    Jeandel, C.2    Dupre, B.3    Minster, J.-F.4
  • 73
    • 0025676850 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the strontium isotopic composition ofseawater (8 Ma to present): Implications for chemical weathering rates and dissolved fluxes to the oceans
    • Hodell D. A., Mead G. A., and Mueller P. A. (1990) Variation in the strontium isotopic composition ofseawater (8 Ma to present): Implications for chemical weathering rates and dissolved fluxes to the oceans. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci.) 80, 291-307.
    • (1990) Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci.) , vol.80 , pp. 291-307
    • Hodell, D.A.1    Mead, G.A.2    Mueller, P.A.3
  • 74
    • 0039148539 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary stratigraphy and chronology (Queen Elizabeth Islands)
    • Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland (ed. J.R. Fulton); Geol. Soc. Canada
    • Hodgson D. A. (1989) Quaternary stratigraphy and chronology (Queen Elizabeth Islands). In Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland (ed. J.R. Fulton); Geol. Canada 1, 441-459. Geol. Soc. Canada.
    • (1989) Geol. Canada , vol.1 , pp. 441-459
    • Hodgson, D.A.1
  • 75
    • 0023685818 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic variations of Precambrian banded iron formations
    • Jacobsen S. B. and Pimentel-Klose M. R. (1988) Neodymium isotopic variations of Precambrian banded iron formations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 393-396.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 393-396
    • Jacobsen, S.B.1    Pimentel-Klose, M.R.2
  • 76
    • 0021288392 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition of Phanerozoic ore leads from the Swedish segment of the Fennoscandian shield
    • Johansson A. and Rickard D. (1984) Isotopic composition of Phanerozoic ore leads from the Swedish segment of the Fennoscandian shield. Mineral. Deposita 19, 149-255.
    • (1984) Mineral. Deposita , vol.19 , pp. 149-255
    • Johansson, A.1    Rickard, D.2
  • 77
    • 0026292364 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition of oligocene mafic volcanic rocks in the Northern Rio Grande Rift: Evidence for contributions of ancient intraplate and subduction magmatism to evolution of the lithosphere
    • Johnson C. M. and Thompson R. A. (1991) Isotopic composition of oligocene mafic volcanic rocks in the Northern Rio Grande Rift: Evidence for contributions of ancient intraplate and subduction magmatism to evolution of the lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 13,593-13,608.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 13593-13608
    • Johnson, C.M.1    Thompson, R.A.2
  • 78
    • 0025585365 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and plate tectonics: The modern polar oceans
    • ed. U. Bleil and J. Thiede, Academic
    • Johnson G. L. (1990) Morphology and plate tectonics: The modern polar oceans. In Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic vs. Antarctic (ed. U. Bleil and J. Thiede), pp. 11-28. Academic.
    • (1990) Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic vs. Antarctic , pp. 11-28
    • Johnson, G.L.1
  • 79
    • 0028578504 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic variations in North Pacific modern silicate sediment and the insignificance of detrital REE contributions to seawater
    • Jones C. E., Halliday A. N., Rea D. K., and Owen R. M. (1994) Neodymium isotopic variations in North Pacific modern silicate sediment and the insignificance of detrital REE contributions to seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 127, 55-66.
    • (1994) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.127 , pp. 55-66
    • Jones, C.E.1    Halliday, A.N.2    Rea, D.K.3    Owen, R.M.4
  • 81
    • 0029476709 scopus 로고
    • Deep waters of the Arctic Ocean: Origins and circulation
    • Jones E. P., Rudels B., and Anderson L. G. (1995) Deep waters of the Arctic Ocean: Origins and circulation. Deep-Sea Res. 42, 737-760.
    • (1995) Deep-Sea Res. , vol.42 , pp. 737-760
    • Jones, E.P.1    Rudels, B.2    Anderson, L.G.3
  • 82
    • 84981644456 scopus 로고
    • The central Arctic Ocean sediment record: Current progress in moving from a litho- to a chronostratigraphy
    • Jones G. A. (1987) The central Arctic Ocean sediment record: Current progress in moving from a litho- to a chronostratigraphy. Polar Res. 5, 309-311.
    • (1987) Polar Res. , vol.5 , pp. 309-311
    • Jones, G.A.1
  • 83
    • 0024196264 scopus 로고
    • Unreworked Archaean basement and Proterozoic supracrustal rocks from north-eastern Disko Bugt, West Greenland: Implications for the nature of Proterozoic mobile belts in Greenland
    • Kalsbeek F., Taylor P. N., and Pidgeon R. T. (1988) Unreworked Archaean basement and Proterozoic supracrustal rocks from north-eastern Disko Bugt, West Greenland: Implications for the nature of Proterozoic mobile belts in Greenland. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25, 773-782.
    • (1988) Canadian J. Earth Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 773-782
    • Kalsbeek, F.1    Taylor, P.N.2    Pidgeon, R.T.3
  • 84
    • 0027385640 scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of Archaean and Proterozoic events in the Ammassalik area, Southeast Greenland, and the Nagssugtoqidian of West Greenland
    • Kalsbeek F., Austrheim H., Bridgwater D., Hansen B. T., Pedersen S., and Taylor P. N. (1993) Geochronology of Archaean and Proterozoic events in the Ammassalik area, Southeast Greenland, and the Nagssugtoqidian of West Greenland. Precambrian Res. 62, 239-270.
    • (1993) Precambrian Res. , vol.62 , pp. 239-270
    • Kalsbeek, F.1    Austrheim, H.2    Bridgwater, D.3    Hansen, B.T.4    Pedersen, S.5    Taylor, P.N.6
  • 85
    • 0019681030 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotope analyses of galenas from selected ore deposits of the USSR
    • Karpenko S., Delevaux M. H., and Doe B. R. (1981) Lead isotope analyses of galenas from selected ore deposits of the USSR. Econ. Geol. 76, 716-742.
    • (1981) Econ. Geol. , vol.76 , pp. 716-742
    • Karpenko, S.1    Delevaux, M.H.2    Doe, B.R.3
  • 86
    • 0024525987 scopus 로고
    • Sea ice sediment entrainment and rafting in the Arctic
    • Kempema E. W., Reimnitz E., and Barnes P. W. (1988) Sea ice sediment entrainment and rafting in the Arctic. J. Sediment. Petrol. 59, 308-317.
    • (1988) J. Sediment. Petrol. , vol.59 , pp. 308-317
    • Kempema, E.W.1    Reimnitz, E.2    Barnes, P.W.3
  • 87
    • 0023523571 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium and strontium isotopic variations of Early Paleozoic oceans
    • Keto L. S. and Jacobsen S. B. (1987) Neodymium and strontium isotopic variations of Early Paleozoic oceans. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 84, 27-41.
    • (1987) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.84 , pp. 27-41
    • Keto, L.S.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 88
    • 0024226091 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic variations of Phanerozoic paleoceans
    • Keto L. S. and Jacobsen S. B. (1988) Neodymium isotopic variations of Phanerozoic paleoceans. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 395-410.
    • (1988) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.90 , pp. 395-410
    • Keto, L.S.1    Jacobsen, S.B.2
  • 89
    • 0000893228 scopus 로고
    • A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin
    • The Arctic Ocean Region (ed. A. Grantz et al.); Geol. Soc. America
    • Lawver L. A. and Scotese C. R. (1990) A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin. In The Arctic Ocean Region (ed. A. Grantz et al.); Geol. North America L, 593-618. Geol. Soc. America.
    • (1990) Geol. North America , vol.50 , pp. 593-618
    • Lawver, L.A.1    Scotese, C.R.2
  • 90
    • 0025594049 scopus 로고
    • Compositional diversity of late Cenozoic basalts in a transect across the Southern Washington Cascades: Implications for subduction zone magmatism
    • Leeman W. P., Smith D. R., Hildreth W., Palacz Z., and Rogers N. (1990) Compositional diversity of Late Cenozoic basalts in a transect across the Southern Washington Cascades: Implications for subduction zone magmatism. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 19,561-19,582.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 19561-19582
    • Leeman, W.P.1    Smith, D.R.2    Hildreth, W.3    Palacz, Z.4    Rogers, N.5
  • 91
    • 0027460932 scopus 로고
    • Remobilisation of the continental lithosphere by a mantle plume: Major-, trace-element, and strontium, neodymium, and lead isotope evidence from picritic and tholeiitic lavas of the Noril'sk District, Siberian Trap, Russia
    • Lightfoot P. C. et al. (1993) Remobilisation of the continental lithosphere by a mantle plume: Major-, trace-element, and strontium, neodymium, and lead isotope evidence from picritic and tholeiitic lavas of the Noril'sk District, Siberian Trap, Russia. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 114, 171-188.
    • (1993) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.114 , pp. 171-188
    • Lightfoot, P.C.1
  • 92
    • 0028562869 scopus 로고
    • Isotope geochemistry of Quaternary deposits from the arid lands in northern China
    • Liu C.-Q., Masuda A., Okada A., Yabuki S., and Fan S.-L. (1994) Isotope geochemistry of Quaternary deposits from the arid lands in northern China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 127, 25-38.
    • (1994) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.127 , pp. 25-38
    • Liu, C.-Q.1    Masuda, A.2    Okada, A.3    Yabuki, S.4    Fan, S.-L.5
  • 93
    • 0021852759 scopus 로고
    • The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age
    • Manabe S. and Broccoli A. (1985) The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 2167-2190.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 2167-2190
    • Manabe, S.1    Broccoli, A.2
  • 94
    • 0010686846 scopus 로고
    • Growth rates of nodules and crusts
    • ed. P. Halbach et al., Ferdinand Enke Verlag
    • Mangini A. (1988) Growth rates of nodules and crusts. In The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean (ed. P. Halbach et al.), pp. 142-151. Ferdinand Enke Verlag.
    • (1988) The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean , pp. 142-151
    • Mangini, A.1
  • 95
    • 37049180077 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr chronology of continental crust formation
    • McCulloch M. T. and Wasserburg G. J. (1978) Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr chronology of continental crust formation. Science 200, 1003-1011.
    • (1978) Science , vol.200 , pp. 1003-1011
    • McCulloch, M.T.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 96
    • 33751332104 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics
    • Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments (ed. M. J. Johnsson and A. Basu)
    • McLennan S. M., Hemming S. R., McDaniel D. K., and Hanson G. L. (1993) Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. In Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments (ed. M. J. Johnsson and A. Basu); Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 284, 21-40.
    • (1993) Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper , vol.284 , pp. 21-40
    • McLennan, S.M.1    Hemming, S.R.2    McDaniel, D.K.3    Hanson, G.L.4
  • 97
    • 0022923412 scopus 로고
    • Crustal residence ages of clastic sediments, orogeny, and continental evolution
    • Miller R. G., O'Nions R. K., Hamilton P. J., and Welin E. (1986) Crustal residence ages of clastic sediments, orogeny, and continental evolution. Chem. Geol. 57, 87-99.
    • (1986) Chem. Geol. , vol.57 , pp. 87-99
    • Miller, R.G.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Hamilton, P.J.3    Welin, E.4
  • 98
    • 0020897922 scopus 로고
    • A late Cenozoic stratigraphy for glacial-marine sediments of the eastern Alpha Cordillera, central Arctic Ocean
    • ed. B.F. Molnia, Plenum
    • Minicucci D. A. and Clark D. L. (1983) A late Cenozoic stratigraphy for glacial-marine sediments of the eastern Alpha Cordillera, central Arctic Ocean. In Glacial-Marine Sedimentation (ed. B.F. Molnia), pp. 331-365. Plenum.
    • (1983) Glacial-Marine Sedimentation , pp. 331-365
    • Minicucci, D.A.1    Clark, D.L.2
  • 99
    • 0022923780 scopus 로고
    • Dating the oldest terrestrial rocks - Fact and fiction
    • Moorbath S., Taylor P. N., and Jones N. W. (1986) Dating the oldest terrestrial rocks - fact and fiction. Chem. Geol. 57, 63-86.
    • (1986) Chem. Geol. , vol.57 , pp. 63-86
    • Moorbath, S.1    Taylor, P.N.2    Jones, N.W.3
  • 100
    • 0002032662 scopus 로고
    • Geology of Northern Alaska
    • The Geology of North an Overview (ed. G. Plsgkrt and H. C. Berg)
    • Moore T. E., Wallace W. K., Bird K. J., Karl S. M., Mull C. G., and Dillon J. T. (1994) Geology of Northern Alaska. In The Geology of North an Overview (ed. G. Plsgkrt and H. C. Berg); Geol. North Amer. G-1, 49-140.
    • (1994) Geol. North Amer. , vol.G-1 , pp. 49-140
    • Moore, T.E.1    Wallace, W.K.2    Bird, K.J.3    Karl, S.M.4    Mull, C.G.5    Dillon, J.T.6
  • 101
    • 84879890792 scopus 로고
    • Sediments of the Lomonosov Ridge and Makarov Basin: A Pleistocene stratigraphy for the North Pole
    • Morris T. H., Clark D. L., and Blasco S.M. (1985) Sediments of the Lomonosov Ridge and Makarov Basin: A Pleistocene stratigraphy for the North Pole. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 96, 901-910.
    • (1985) Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. , vol.96 , pp. 901-910
    • Morris, T.H.1    Clark, D.L.2    Blasco, S.M.3
  • 102
    • 0022167155 scopus 로고
    • Lithostratigraphy of the CESAR cores
    • Initial Geologic Report on CESAR-The Canadian Expedition to Study the Alpha Ridge, Arctic Ocean (ed. H. R. Jackson et al.)
    • Mudie P. J. and Blasco S. M. (1985) Lithostratigraphy of the CESAR cores. In Initial Geologic Report on CESAR-The Canadian Expedition to Study the Alpha Ridge, Arctic Ocean (ed. H. R. Jackson et al.); Geol. Surv. Canada Paper 84-22, 59-100.
    • (1985) Geol. Surv. Canada Paper , vol.84 , Issue.22 , pp. 59-100
    • Mudie, P.J.1    Blasco, S.M.2
  • 104
    • 0027041750 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese deposits from the Indian Ocean
    • Nath B. N., Balaram V., Sudhakar M., and Pluger W.L. (1992) Rare earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese deposits from the Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem. 38, 185-208.
    • (1992) Mar. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 185-208
    • Nath, B.N.1    Balaram, V.2    Sudhakar, M.3    Pluger, W.L.4
  • 105
    • 0027383134 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium and strontium isotope evidence for proterozoic and paleozoic crustal evolution in the Brooks Range, Northern Alaska
    • Nelson B. K., Nelson S. W., and Till A. B. (1993) Neodymium and strontium isotope evidence for proterozoic and paleozoic crustal evolution in the Brooks Range, Northern Alaska. J. Geol. 101, 435-450.
    • (1993) J. Geol. , vol.101 , pp. 435-450
    • Nelson, B.K.1    Nelson, S.W.2    Till, A.B.3
  • 106
    • 0028599096 scopus 로고
    • Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport, and release
    • Nurnberg D. et al. (1994) Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport, and release. Mar. Geol. 119, 185-214.
    • (1994) Mar. Geol. , vol.119 , pp. 185-214
    • Nurnberg, D.1
  • 107
    • 0000390368 scopus 로고
    • Lead, neodymium, and strontium isotopes in oceanic ferromanganese deposits and ocean floor basalts
    • O'Nions R. K., Carter S. R., Cohen R. S., Evensen N. M., and Hamilton P. J. (1978) Lead, neodymium, and strontium isotopes in oceanic ferromanganese deposits and ocean floor basalts. Nature 273, 435-438.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 435-438
    • O'Nions, R.K.1    Carter, S.R.2    Cohen, R.S.3    Evensen, N.M.4    Hamilton, P.J.5
  • 108
    • 0020975287 scopus 로고
    • A neodymium isotope investigation of sediments related to crustal development in the British Isles
    • O'Nions R. K., Hamilton P. J., and Hooker P. J. (1983) A neodymium isotope investigation of sediments related to crustal development in the British Isles. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 63, 229-240.
    • (1983) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.63 , pp. 229-240
    • O'Nions, R.K.1    Hamilton, P.J.2    Hooker, P.J.3
  • 109
    • 0024568966 scopus 로고
    • REE/Fe variations in hydrothermal sediments: Implications for the REE content of seawater
    • Olivarez A. M. and Owen R. M. (1989) REE/Fe variations in hydrothermal sediments: Implications for the REE content of seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 757-762.
    • (1989) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.53 , pp. 757-762
    • Olivarez, A.M.1    Owen, R.M.2
  • 110
    • 0021461645 scopus 로고
    • Arctic Ocean water mass balance from isotope data
    • Östlund H. G. and Hut G. (1984) Arctic Ocean water mass balance from isotope data. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 6373-6381.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 6373-6381
    • Östlund, H.G.1    Hut, G.2
  • 111
    • 0000845601 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation rate of the deep Arctic Ocean from carbon 14 data
    • Östlund H. G., Possnert G., and Swift J. H. (1987) Ventilation rate of the deep Arctic Ocean from carbon 14 data. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 3769-3777.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 3769-3777
    • Östlund, H.G.1    Possnert, G.2    Swift, J.H.3
  • 112
    • 0022267493 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth elements in foraminifera tests
    • Palmer M. R. (1985) Rare earth elements in foraminifera tests. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 285-298.
    • (1985) Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 285-298
    • Palmer, M.R.1
  • 113
    • 0022267971 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the neodymium isotopic composition of foraminifera from Atlantic Ocean sediments
    • Palmer M. R. and Elderfield H. (1985) Variations in the neodymium isotopic composition of foraminifera from Atlantic Ocean sediments. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 299-305.
    • (1985) Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 299-305
    • Palmer, M.R.1    Elderfield, H.2
  • 114
    • 0022557622 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in ferromanganese oxide coatings of Cenozoic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean
    • Palmer M. R. and Elderfield H. (1986) Rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in ferromanganese oxide coatings of Cenozoic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 409-417.
    • (1986) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.50 , pp. 409-417
    • Palmer, M.R.1    Elderfield, H.2
  • 115
    • 0021350544 scopus 로고
    • Origin of continental crust of 1.9-1.7 Ga age defined by neodymium isotopes in the Ketilidian terrain of South Greenland
    • Patchett P. J. and Bridgwater D. (1984) Origin of continental crust of 1.9-1.7 Ga age defined by neodymium isotopes in the Ketilidian terrain of South Greenland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 87, 311-318.
    • (1984) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.87 , pp. 311-318
    • Patchett, P.J.1    Bridgwater, D.2
  • 116
    • 0001432266 scopus 로고
    • Lithogenic sediment on Arctic pack ice: Potential aeolian flux and contribution to deep sea sediments
    • Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport (ed. M. Sarnthein and M. Leinen); Kluwer
    • Pfirman S., Wollenburg I., Thiede J., and Lange M. A. (1989) Lithogenic sediment on Arctic pack ice: Potential aeolian flux and contribution to deep sea sediments. In Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport (ed. M. Sarnthein and M. Leinen); NATO ASI Ser. C 282, 464-493. Kluwer.
    • (1989) NATO ASI Ser. C , vol.282 , pp. 464-493
    • Pfirman, S.1    Wollenburg, I.2    Thiede, J.3    Lange, M.A.4
  • 117
    • 0025584063 scopus 로고
    • Sea ice characteristics and the role of sediment inclusions in deep-sea deposition: Arctic-Antarctic comparisons
    • ed. U. Bleil and J. Thiede, Academic
    • Pfirman S., Lange M. A., Wollenburg I., and Schlosser P. (1990) Sea ice characteristics and the role of sediment inclusions in deep-sea deposition: Arctic-Antarctic comparisons. In Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic vs. Antarctic (ed. U. Bleil and J. Thiede), pp. 187-211. Academic.
    • (1990) Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic vs. Antarctic , pp. 187-211
    • Pfirman, S.1    Lange, M.A.2    Wollenburg, I.3    Schlosser, P.4
  • 119
    • 0001583688 scopus 로고
    • The isotopic composition of neodymium in waters flowing through the Drake Passage
    • Piepgras D. J. and Wasserburg G. J. (1982) The isotopic composition of neodymium in waters flowing through the Drake Passage. Science 217, 207-214.
    • (1982) Science , vol.217 , pp. 207-214
    • Piepgras, D.J.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 120
    • 0020783540 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Mediterranean outflow on the isotopic composition of neodymium in waters of the North Atlantic
    • Piepgras D. J. and Wasserburg G. I. (1983) Influence of the Mediterranean outflow on the isotopic composition of neodymium in waters of the North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5997-6006.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 5997-6006
    • Piepgras, D.J.1    Wasserburg, G.I.2
  • 121
    • 0023504275 scopus 로고
    • Rare earth element transport in western North Atlantic inferred from neodymium isotopic observations
    • Piepgras D. J. and Wasserburg G. J. (1987) Rare earth element transport in western North Atlantic inferred from neodymium isotopic observations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1257-1271.
    • (1987) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.51 , pp. 1257-1271
    • Piepgras, D.J.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 122
    • 49249146580 scopus 로고
    • The isotopic composition of neodymium in different ocean masses
    • Piepgras D. J., Wasserburg G. J., and Dasch E. J. (1979) The isotopic composition of neodymium in different ocean masses. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 45, 223-236.
    • (1979) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.45 , pp. 223-236
    • Piepgras, D.J.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2    Dasch, E.J.3
  • 123
    • 0027039810 scopus 로고
    • Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation
    • Reimnitz E., Marincovich L., Jr., McCormick M., and Briggs W. M. (1992) Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 29, 693-703.
    • (1992) Canadian J. Earth Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 693-703
    • Reimnitz, E.1    Marincovich L., Jr.2    McCormick, M.3    Briggs, W.M.4
  • 124
    • 0028553522 scopus 로고
    • Contrasts in Arctic shelf sea-ice regimes and some implications: Beaufort Sea vs. Laptev Sea
    • Reimnitz E., Dethleff D., and Nurnberg D. (1994) Contrasts in Arctic shelf sea-ice regimes and some implications: Beaufort Sea vs. Laptev Sea. Mar. Geol. 119, 215-225.
    • (1994) Mar. Geol. , vol.119 , pp. 215-225
    • Reimnitz, E.1    Dethleff, D.2    Nurnberg, D.3
  • 125
    • 0029750280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strontium and neodymium isotopes as tracers of North Atlantic lithic particles: Paleoclimatic implications
    • Revel M., Sinko J. A., and Grousset F. E. (1996) Strontium and neodymium isotopes as tracers of North Atlantic lithic particles: Paleoclimatic implications. Paleoceanography 11, 95-113.
    • (1996) Paleoceanography , vol.11 , pp. 95-113
    • Revel, M.1    Sinko, J.A.2    Grousset, F.E.3
  • 126
    • 0000093723 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotopes in marine manganese nodules and the ore-lead growth curve
    • Reynolds P. H. and Dasch E. J. (1971) Lead isotopes in marine manganese nodules and the ore-lead growth curve. J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5124-5129.
    • (1971) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 5124-5129
    • Reynolds, P.H.1    Dasch, E.J.2
  • 127
    • 0026454198 scopus 로고
    • Strontium isotope evolution of seawater: The role of tectonics
    • Richter F. M., Rowley D. B., and DePaolo D. J. (1992) Strontium isotope evolution of seawater: The role of tectonics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 109, 11-23.
    • (1992) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.109 , pp. 11-23
    • Richter, F.M.1    Rowley, D.B.2    DePaolo, D.J.3
  • 128
    • 0027384452 scopus 로고
    • Lead mobilization during tectonic reactivation of the western Baltic Shield
    • Romer R. L. and Wright J. E. (1993) Lead mobilization during tectonic reactivation of the western Baltic Shield. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2555-2570.
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 2555-2570
    • Romer, R.L.1    Wright, J.E.2
  • 129
    • 0029769581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean
    • Rudels B., Anderson L. G., and Jones E. P. (1996) Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8807-8821.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 8807-8821
    • Rudels, B.1    Anderson, L.G.2    Jones, E.P.3
  • 131
    • 65749311332 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic evidence for juvenile crust in the Carolina terrane, southern Appalachians
    • Samson S. D., Hibbard J. P., and Wortman G. L. (1995) Neodymium isotopic evidence for juvenile crust in the Carolina terrane, southern Appalachians. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 121, 121-184.
    • (1995) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.121 , pp. 121-184
    • Samson, S.D.1    Hibbard, J.P.2    Wortman, G.L.3
  • 133
    • 0019716156 scopus 로고
    • Lead concentrations in the northeast Pacific: Evidence for global anthropogenic perturbations
    • Schaule B. K. and Patterson C. C. (1981) Lead concentrations in the northeast Pacific: Evidence for global anthropogenic perturbations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 54, 97-116.
    • (1981) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.54 , pp. 97-116
    • Schaule, B.K.1    Patterson, C.C.2
  • 134
    • 0022835218 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador
    • The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust (ed. J. B. Carswell et al.)
    • Schiøtte L., Bridgwater D., Collerson K. D., Nutman A. P., and Ryan A. B. (1986) Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador. In The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust (ed. J. B. Carswell et al.); Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 24, 261-273.
    • (1986) Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. , vol.24 , pp. 261-273
    • Schiøtte, L.1    Bridgwater, D.2    Collerson, K.D.3    Nutman, A.P.4    Ryan, A.B.5
  • 135
    • 0028255051 scopus 로고
    • Arctic river-runoff: Mean residence time on the shelves and in the halocline
    • Schlosser P., Bauch D., Fairbanks R., and Bonisch G. (1994) Arctic river-runoff: Mean residence time on the shelves and in the halocline. Deep-Sea Res. 41, 1053-1068.
    • (1994) Deep-Sea Res. , vol.41 , pp. 1053-1068
    • Schlosser, P.1    Bauch, D.2    Fairbanks, R.3    Bonisch, G.4
  • 136
    • 0027090863 scopus 로고
    • Temporal strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic variations in the Siberian flood basalts: Implications for the plume-source characteristics
    • Sharma M., Basu A. R., and Nesterenko G. V. (1992) Temporal strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic variations in the Siberian flood basalts: Implications for the plume-source characteristics. Earth Planet. Sci Lett. 113, 365-381.
    • (1992) Earth Planet. Sci Lett. , vol.113 , pp. 365-381
    • Sharma, M.1    Basu, A.R.2    Nesterenko, G.V.3
  • 137
    • 0021890695 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd in marine carbonates and phosphates: Implications for neodymium isotopes in sea-water and crustal ages
    • Shaw H. F. and Wasserburg G. J. (1985) Sm-Nd in marine carbonates and phosphates: Implications for neodymium isotopes in sea-water and crustal ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 503-518.
    • (1985) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 503-518
    • Shaw, H.F.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 138
    • 0028193550 scopus 로고
    • Cerium and neodymium isotope ratios and REE patterns in seawater from the North Pacific Ocean
    • Shimizu H., Tachikawa K., Masuda A., and Nozaki Y. (1994) Cerium and neodymium isotope ratios and REE patterns in seawater from the North Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 323-333.
    • (1994) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.58 , pp. 323-333
    • Shimizu, H.1    Tachikawa, K.2    Masuda, A.3    Nozaki, Y.4
  • 139
    • 0027445994 scopus 로고
    • The geochemistry of rare earth elements in the Amazon River estuary
    • Sholkovitz E. R. (1993) The geochemistry of rare earth elements in the Amazon River estuary. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2181-2190.
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 2181-2190
    • Sholkovitz, E.R.1
  • 140
    • 0029513304 scopus 로고
    • The incorporation of rare earth elements in modern coral
    • Sholkovitz E. and Shen G. T. (1995) The incorporation of rare earth elements in modern coral. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2749-2756.
    • (1995) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.59 , pp. 2749-2756
    • Sholkovitz, E.1    Shen, G.T.2
  • 141
    • 49549142956 scopus 로고
    • Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model
    • Stacey J. S. and Kramers J. D. (1975) Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 26, 207-221.
    • (1975) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 207-221
    • Stacey, J.S.1    Kramers, J.D.2
  • 142
    • 0022266187 scopus 로고
    • Strontium and neodymium isotope systematics in fish teeth
    • Staudigel H., Doyle P., and Zindler A. (1985/86) Strontium and neodymium isotope systematics in fish teeth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 76, 45-56.
    • (1985) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.76 , pp. 45-56
    • Staudigel, H.1    Doyle, P.2    Zindler, A.3
  • 143
    • 0027872678 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen, strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic composition of the Kasuga cross-chain in the Mariana Arc: A new perspective on the K-h relationship
    • Stern R. J., Jackson M. C., Fryer P., and Ito E. (1993) Oxygen, strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic composition of the Kasuga cross-chain in the Mariana Arc: A new perspective on the K-h relationship. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 459-475.
    • (1993) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.119 , pp. 459-475
    • Stern, R.J.1    Jackson, M.C.2    Fryer, P.3    Ito, E.4
  • 144
    • 0023477011 scopus 로고
    • Lead-isotope geochronology of the Portman Lake area, Northwest Territories
    • Stevenson R., Cumming G. L., and Krstic D. (1987) Lead-isotope geochronology of the Portman Lake area, Northwest Territories. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 24, 2188-2196.
    • (1987) Canadian J. Earth Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 2188-2196
    • Stevenson, R.1    Cumming, G.L.2    Krstic, D.3
  • 145
    • 84879881846 scopus 로고
    • Nd-Sr isotope evidence for dramatic changes in paleocurrents in the Atlantic Ocean during the past 80 m.y.
    • Stille P. (1992) Nd-Sr isotope evidence for dramatic changes in paleocurrents in the Atlantic Ocean during the past 80 m.y. Geology 20, 387-390.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 387-390
    • Stille, P.1
  • 146
    • 0028193171 scopus 로고
    • Strontium and neodymium isotopic analysis of phosphorite sedimentation through one Miocene high-frequency depositional cycle on the North Carolina continental shelf
    • Stille P., Riggs S., Clauer N., Ames D., Crowson R., and Snyder S. (1994) Strontium and neodymium isotopic analysis of phosphorite sedimentation through one Miocene high-frequency depositional cycle on the North Carolina continental shelf. Mar. Geol. 117, 253-273.
    • (1994) Mar. Geol. , vol.117 , pp. 253-273
    • Stille, P.1    Riggs, S.2    Clauer, N.3    Ames, D.4    Crowson, R.5    Snyder, S.6
  • 147
    • 0022465853 scopus 로고
    • Neodymium isotopic study of Baffin Bay water: Sources of ree from very old terranes
    • Stordal M. C. and Wasserburg G. J. (1986) Neodymium isotopic study of Baffin Bay water: Sources of REE from very old terranes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 77, 259-272.
    • (1986) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.77 , pp. 259-272
    • Stordal, M.C.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 148
    • 0021053678 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotope systematics of strata-bound sulfide deposits in the higher nappe complexes of the Swedish Caledonides
    • Sundblad K. and Stephens M. B. (1983) Lead isotope systematics of strata-bound sulfide deposits in the higher nappe complexes of the Swedish Caledonides. Econ. Geol. 78, 1090-1107.
    • (1983) Econ. Geol. , vol.78 , pp. 1090-1107
    • Sundblad, K.1    Stephens, M.B.2
  • 149
    • 0013461540 scopus 로고
    • Crustal contamination as an indicator of the extent of early Archaean continental crust: Lead isotopic evidence from the late Archaean gneisses of West Greenland
    • Taylor P. N., Moorbath S., Goodwin R., and Petrykowski A. C. (1980) Crustal contamination as an indicator of the extent of early Archaean continental crust: Lead isotopic evidence from the late Archaean gneisses of West Greenland. Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta 44, 1437-1453.
    • (1980) Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta , vol.44 , pp. 1437-1453
    • Taylor, P.N.1    Moorbath, S.2    Goodwin, R.3    Petrykowski, A.C.4
  • 150
    • 0026443036 scopus 로고
    • Discrepancies between neodymium, lead, and strontium model ages from the Precambrian of southern East Greenland: Evidence for a Proterozoic granulite-facies event affecting Archaean gneisses
    • Taylor P. N., Kalsbeek F., and Bridgwater D. (1992) Discrepancies between neodymium, lead, and strontium model ages from the Precambrian of southern East Greenland: Evidence for a Proterozoic granulite-facies event affecting Archaean gneisses. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci.) 94, 281-291.
    • (1992) Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci.) , vol.94 , pp. 281-291
    • Taylor, P.N.1    Kalsbeek, F.2    Bridgwater, D.3
  • 151
    • 0020975030 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of loess, continental crustal composition, and crustal model ages
    • Taylor S. R., McLennan S. M., and McCulloch M. T. (1983) Geochemistry of loess, continental crustal composition, and crustal model ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 1897-1905.
    • (1983) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.47 , pp. 1897-1905
    • Taylor, S.R.1    McLennan, S.M.2    McCulloch, M.T.3
  • 152
    • 33646101346 scopus 로고
    • Comment: Rare earth elements in the Mediterranean Sea and mixing in the Mediterranean outflow by M. J. Greaves, M. D. Rudnicki, and H. Elderfield
    • Thomas A. J., Guieu C., and Martin J. M. (1994) Comment: Rare earth elements in the Mediterranean Sea and mixing in the Mediterranean outflow by M. J. Greaves, M. D. Rudnicki, and H. Elderfield. Earth Planer. Sci. Lett. 121, 655-662.
    • (1994) Earth Planer. Sci. Lett. , vol.121 , pp. 655-662
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Guieu, C.2    Martin, J.M.3
  • 153
    • 0001475880 scopus 로고
    • The Arctic Islands
    • ed. A.W. Bally and A.R. Palmer, Geol. Soc. Amer.
    • Trettin H.P. (1989) The Arctic Islands. In The Geology of North America: An Overview (ed. A.W. Bally and A.R. Palmer), Vol. A, pp. 349-370. Geol. Soc. Amer.
    • (1989) The Geology of North America: An Overview , vol.A , pp. 349-370
    • Trettin, H.P.1
  • 155
    • 0019675691 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotopic compositions of Hercynian granitic K-feldspars constrains continental genesis
    • Vitrac A. M., Albarede F., and Allègre C. J. (1981) Lead isotopic compositions of Hercynian granitic K-feldspars constrains continental genesis. Nature 291, 460-464.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 460-464
    • Vitrac, A.M.1    Albarede, F.2    Allègre, C.J.3
  • 156
    • 0022266747 scopus 로고
    • Isotope and trace element geochemistry of sediments from the Barbados Ridge-Demerara Plain region, Atlantic Ocean
    • White W. M. and Dupre B. (1985) Isotope and trace element geochemistry of sediments from the Barbados Ridge-Demerara Plain region, Atlantic Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 1875-1886.
    • (1985) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 1875-1886
    • White, W.M.1    Dupre, B.2
  • 157
    • 0001762042 scopus 로고
    • Isotope geochemistry of Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt
    • White W. M., Hofmann A. W., and Puchelt H. (1987) Isotope geochemistry of Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4881-4893.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 4881-4893
    • White, W.M.1    Hofmann, A.W.2    Puchelt, H.3
  • 158
    • 0024525372 scopus 로고
    • Sm-Nd evidence for diachronous crustal accretion in the Lewisian complex of northwest Scotland
    • Whitehouse M. J. (1989) Sm-Nd evidence for diachronous crustal accretion in the Lewisian complex of northwest Scotland. Tectonophysics 161, 245-256.
    • (1989) Tectonophysics , vol.161 , pp. 245-256
    • Whitehouse, M.J.1
  • 159
    • 0027805464 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the neodymium and strontium isotopic composition and REE content of molluscan shells from the Cretaceous Western Interior seaway
    • Whittaker S. G. and Kyser T. K. (1993) Variations in the neodymium and strontium isotopic composition and REE content of molluscan shells from the Cretaceous Western Interior seaway. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 4003-4014.
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 4003-4014
    • Whittaker, S.G.1    Kyser, T.K.2
  • 160
    • 0042899755 scopus 로고
    • New chemical, isotopic, and fluid inclusion data from zinc-lead-copper veins, Shawangunk Mountains, New York
    • Wilbur J. S., Mutschler F. E., Friedman J. D., and Zartman R. E. (1990) New chemical, isotopic, and fluid inclusion data from zinc-lead-copper veins, Shawangunk Mountains, New York. Econ. Geol. 85, 182-196.
    • (1990) Econ. Geol. , vol.85 , pp. 182-196
    • Wilbur, J.S.1    Mutschler, F.E.2    Friedman, J.D.3    Zartman, R.E.4
  • 161
    • 0042398850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strontium isotope evolution of the Late Cenozoic Central Arctic Ocean: Constraints on water mass circulation with the lower latitude oceans
    • in press
    • Winter B. L., Clark D. L., and Johnson C. M. (1997a) Strontium isotope evolution of the Late Cenozoic Central Arctic Ocean: Constraints on water mass circulation with the lower latitude oceans. Deep-Sea Res. (in press).
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res.
    • Winter, B.L.1    Clark, D.L.2    Johnson, C.M.3
  • 162
    • 0030742537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical constraints on the formation of Late Cenozoic ferromanganese micronodules from the central Arctic Ocean
    • Winter B. L., Johnson C. M., and Clark D. L. (1997b) Geochemical constraints on the formation of Late Cenozoic ferromanganese micronodules from the central Arctic Ocean. Mar. Geol., 138, 149-169.
    • (1997) Mar. Geol. , vol.138 , pp. 149-169
    • Winter, B.L.1    Johnson, C.M.2    Clark, D.L.3
  • 163
    • 0027871634 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia
    • Wooden J. L. et al. (1993) Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 3677-3704.
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 3677-3704
    • Wooden, J.L.1
  • 164
    • 0024885637 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic history of the Arctic region from the Ordovician through the Cretaceous
    • ed. Y. Herman, Van Nostrand Reinhold
    • Zonenshain L. P. and Natapov L. M. (1989) Tectonic history of the Arctic region from the Ordovician through the Cretaceous. In The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology (ed. Y. Herman), pp. 829-862. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
    • (1989) The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology , pp. 829-862
    • Zonenshain, L.P.1    Natapov, L.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.