메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 151-167

Soil quality characteristics during conversion to organic orchard management

Author keywords

Apples; Bulk density; Earthworms; Electrical conductivity; Microbial biomass; Microbial respiration; Mycorrhizal fungi; Nitrogen; Organic carbon; pH; Phosphorous; Pitfall traps; Potentially mineralizable nitrogen; Water holding capacity

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPODA; FUNGI; INVERTEBRATA; MALUS X DOMESTICA; PHERETIMA SIEBOLDI;

EID: 0031408126     PISSN: 09291393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00139-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (106)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0024877590 scopus 로고
    • Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils
    • Anderson, T.H. and Domsch, K.H., 1989. Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 21 (4): 471-479.
    • (1989) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 471-479
    • Anderson, T.H.1    Domsch, K.H.2
  • 2
    • 0025244812 scopus 로고
    • 2 and qD) on microbial biomass from soils of different cropping histories
    • 2 and qD) on microbial biomass from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biol. Biochem., 22: 251-255.
    • (1990) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.22 , pp. 251-255
    • Anderson, T.H.1    Domsch, K.H.2
  • 3
    • 25144522429 scopus 로고
    • The growth, activity, and distribution of the fruit tree root system
    • Atkinson, D., 1983. The growth, activity, and distribution of the fruit tree root system. Plant and Soil, 71: 23-35.
    • (1983) Plant and Soil , vol.71 , pp. 23-35
    • Atkinson, D.1
  • 4
    • 0002085213 scopus 로고
    • Mycorrhizae and crop productivity
    • G.J. Bethlenfalvey and R.G. Lindermann (eds.). Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. Madison, WI
    • Bethlenfalvey, G.J., 1992. Mycorrhizae and crop productivity. IN G.J. Bethlenfalvey and R.G. Lindermann (eds.). Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. Am. Soc. Agron. Spec. Pub. 54, Madison, WI, pp. 1-28.
    • (1992) Am. Soc. Agron. Spec. Pub. , vol.54 , pp. 1-28
    • Bethlenfalvey, G.J.1
  • 5
    • 0022227049 scopus 로고
    • Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices
    • Bolton, Jr., H., Elliott, L.F. Papendick, R.I. and Bezdicek, D.F., 1985. Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices. Soil Biol. Biochem., 17 (3): 297-302.
    • (1985) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-302
    • Bolton H., Jr.1    Elliott, L.F.2    Papendick, R.I.3    Bezdicek, D.F.4
  • 9
    • 0003868446 scopus 로고
    • Santa Cruz, CA
    • California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF), 1990. Certification Handbook. Santa Cruz, CA.
    • (1990) Certification Handbook
  • 10
    • 50849149511 scopus 로고
    • Microbial biomass as an index for tillage-induced changes in soil biological properties
    • Carter, M.R., 1986. Microbial biomass as an index for tillage-induced changes in soil biological properties. Soil Tillage Res., 7: 29-40.
    • (1986) Soil Tillage Res. , vol.7 , pp. 29-40
    • Carter, M.R.1
  • 11
    • 85032090288 scopus 로고
    • Pitfall trap catches of the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius in reltion to gut contents and prey densities in insecticide treated and untreated spring barley
    • Chiverton, P.A., 1984. Pitfall trap catches of the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius in reltion to gut contents and prey densities in insecticide treated and untreated spring barley. Entomol. Exp. Applic., 36: 23-30.
    • (1984) Entomol. Exp. Applic. , vol.36 , pp. 23-30
    • Chiverton, P.A.1
  • 12
    • 0007579175 scopus 로고
    • Influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of apple and corn in low-phosphorous soil
    • Covey, R.P., Koch, B.L. and Larsen, H.J., 1981. Influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of apple and corn in low-phosphorous soil. Phytopathology, 71: 712-715.
    • (1981) Phytopathology , vol.71 , pp. 712-715
    • Covey, R.P.1    Koch, B.L.2    Larsen, H.J.3
  • 13
    • 0028571515 scopus 로고
    • Soil meso- and macrofauna in two agricultural systems: Factors affecting population dyndmics and evaluation of their role in carbon and nitrogen dynamics
    • Didden, W.A.M., Marinissen, J.C.Y., Vreeken-Buijs, M.J., Burgers, S.L.G.E., De Fluiter, R., Guers, M. and Brussard, L., 1994. Soil meso- and macrofauna in two agricultural systems: Factors affecting population dyndmics and evaluation of their role in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 51: 171-186.
    • (1994) Agric. Ecosys. Environ. , vol.51 , pp. 171-186
    • Didden, W.A.M.1    Marinissen, J.C.Y.2    Vreeken-Buijs, M.J.3    Burgers, S.L.G.E.4    De Fluiter, R.5    Guers, M.6    Brussard, L.7
  • 14
    • 0021469529 scopus 로고
    • A rapid, low-cost method for determination of soil bulk density
    • Doran, J.W. and Mielke, L.N., 1984. A rapid, low-cost method for determination of soil bulk density. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48: 717-719.
    • (1984) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , vol.48 , pp. 717-719
    • Doran, J.W.1    Mielke, L.N.2
  • 15
    • 0028563239 scopus 로고
    • Defining and assessing soil quality
    • J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, and B.A. Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison, WI
    • Doran, J.W. and Parkin, T.B., 1994. Defining and assessing soil quality. In: J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, and B.A. Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. No. 35, Madison, WI.
    • (1994) Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. , vol.35
    • Doran, J.W.1    Parkin, T.B.2
  • 16
    • 0028557552 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and significance of biologically active soil organic nitrogen
    • J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, and B.A. Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison, WI
    • Duxbury, J.M. and S.V. Nkambule, S.V., 1994. Assessment and significance of biologically active soil organic nitrogen. In: J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, and B.A. Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. No. 35. Madison, WI, pp. 125-146.
    • (1994) Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. , vol.35 , pp. 125-146
    • Duxbury, J.M.1    S.v Nkambule, S.V.2
  • 17
    • 0002248058 scopus 로고
    • Toward a revision of the earthworm family lumbricidae. IV. The trapezoides species group
    • 146 pp
    • Gates, G.E., 1972. Toward a revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae. IV. The trapezoides species group. Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Stn., No. 12, 146 pp.
    • (1972) Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Stn. , vol.12
    • Gates, G.E.1
  • 18
    • 0000593081 scopus 로고
    • Role of VA-mycorrhiza in growth and mineral nutrition of apple (Malus pumila var. domestica) rootstock cuttings
    • Gnekow, M.A. and Marschner, H., 1989. Role of VA-mycorrhiza in growth and mineral nutrition of apple (Malus pumila var. domestica) rootstock cuttings. Plant Soil, 119: 285-293.
    • (1989) Plant Soil , vol.119 , pp. 285-293
    • Gnekow, M.A.1    Marschner, H.2
  • 19
    • 84970571473 scopus 로고
    • Effects of conservation tillage farming on soil microbial biomass, organic matter and earthworm populations, in north-eastern Victoria
    • Haines, P.J. and Uren, N.C., 1990. Effects of conservation tillage farming on soil microbial biomass, organic matter and earthworm populations, in north-eastern Victoria. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 30: 365-371.
    • (1990) Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , vol.30 , pp. 365-371
    • Haines, P.J.1    Uren, N.C.2
  • 20
    • 0024165169 scopus 로고
    • Microbial activities in soil from orchards regularly treated with pesticides compared to the activity in soils without pesticides (organically cultivated)
    • Helweg, A., 1988. Microbial activities in soil from orchards regularly treated with pesticides compared to the activity in soils without pesticides (organically cultivated). Pedobiologia, 32: 273-281.
    • (1988) Pedobiologia , vol.32 , pp. 273-281
    • Helweg, A.1
  • 21
    • 0000880144 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass on chronosequences of reclamation sites
    • Insam, H. and Domsch, K.H., 1988. Relationship between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass on chronosequences of reclamation sites. Microb. Ecol., 15: 177-188.
    • (1988) Microb. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 177-188
    • Insam, H.1    Domsch, K.H.2
  • 22
    • 49549127646 scopus 로고
    • The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. V. A method for measuring soil biomass
    • Jenkinson, D.S. and Powlson, D.S., 1976. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. V. A method for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biol. Biochem., 8: 209-213.
    • (1976) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.8 , pp. 209-213
    • Jenkinson, D.S.1    Powlson, D.S.2
  • 23
    • 0014023262 scopus 로고
    • A chemical index of soil nitrogen availability
    • Keeney, D.R. and Bremner, J.M., 1966. A chemical index of soil nitrogen availability. Nature, 211: 892-893.
    • (1966) Nature , vol.211 , pp. 892-893
    • Keeney, D.R.1    Bremner, J.M.2
  • 24
    • 0001533094 scopus 로고
    • Response of apple seedlings in fumigated soil to phosphorous and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
    • Koch, B.L., Covey, R.P. and Larsen, H.J., 1982. Response of apple seedlings in fumigated soil to phosphorous and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. HortSci., 17 (2): 232-233.
    • (1982) HortSci. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-233
    • Koch, B.L.1    Covey, R.P.2    Larsen, H.J.3
  • 25
    • 0002066717 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of VA-mycorrhizas in plant roots
    • N.C. Schenck (ed.). Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. MN.
    • Kormanik, P.P. and McGraw, A.-C., 1982. Quantification of VA-mycorrhizas in plant roots. In: N.C. Schenck (ed.). Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. Am. Phytopathol. Soc., MN. pp. 37-45.
    • (1982) Am. Phytopathol. Soc. , pp. 37-45
    • Kormanik, P.P.1    McGraw, A.-C.2
  • 26
    • 84879228334 scopus 로고
    • A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas
    • Koske, R.E. and Gemma, J.N., 1989. A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas. Mycol. Res., 92 (4): 486-488.
    • (1989) Mycol. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 486-488
    • Koske, R.E.1    Gemma, J.N.2
  • 27
    • 0000354583 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium
    • A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI
    • Lanyon, L.E. and Heald, W.R., 1982. Magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd edn. Agronomy Series, No. 9, Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, pp. 247-262.
    • (1982) Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd Edn. Agronomy Series , vol.9 , pp. 247-262
    • Lanyon, L.E.1    Heald, W.R.2
  • 29
    • 1842804169 scopus 로고
    • VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizal symbiosis
    • Linderman, R.G., 1988. VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizal symbiosis. ISI Atlas Anim. Plant Sci., 1 (2): 183-188.
    • (1988) ISI Atlas Anim. Plant Sci. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-188
    • Linderman, R.G.1
  • 30
    • 0025244811 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of rhizodeposits to the maintenance and growth of soil microbial biomass
    • Martens, R., 1990. Contribution of rhizodeposits to the maintenance and growth of soil microbial biomass. Soil Biol. Biochem., 22 (2): 141-147.
    • (1990) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-147
    • Martens, R.1
  • 31
    • 0022861472 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and water soluble organic C in Breton L after 50 years of cropping to two rotations
    • McGill, W.B., Cannon, K.R., Robertson, J.A. and Cook, F.D., 1986. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and water soluble organic C in Breton L after 50 years of cropping to two rotations. Can. J. Soil Sci., 66: 1-19.
    • (1986) Can. J. Soil Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1-19
    • McGill, W.B.1    Cannon, K.R.2    Robertson, J.A.3    Cook, F.D.4
  • 32
    • 0000481203 scopus 로고
    • Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter
    • A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI
    • Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd edn. Agronomy Series, No. 9, Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, pp. 539-580.
    • (1982) Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd Edn. Agronomy Series , vol.9 , pp. 539-580
    • Nelson, D.W.1    Sommers, L.E.2
  • 33
    • 0024186047 scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of beneficial arthropods by strip-management
    • Nentwig, W., 1988. Augmentation of beneficial arthropods by strip-management. Oecologia, 76: 597-606.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.76 , pp. 597-606
    • Nentwig, W.1
  • 34
    • 0002151814 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate
    • Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular, 939: 1-19.
    • (1954) USDA Circular , vol.939 , pp. 1-19
    • Olsen, S.R.1    Cole, C.V.2    Watanabe, F.S.3    Dean, L.A.4
  • 36
    • 0027061276 scopus 로고
    • Soil quality: Attributres and relationship to alternative and sustainable agriculture
    • Parr, J.F., Papendick, R.I., Hornick, S.B. and Young, R.E., 1992. Soil quality: Attributres and relationship to alternative and sustainable agriculture. Am. J. Alt. Agric., 7 (1/2): 5-16.
    • (1992) Am. J. Alt. Agric. , vol.7 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 5-16
    • Parr, J.F.1    Papendick, R.I.2    Hornick, S.B.3    Young, R.E.4
  • 37
    • 0027798491 scopus 로고
    • On-farm measurements of pH, electrical conductivity and nitrate in soil extracts for monitoring coupling and decoupling of nutrient cycles
    • Patriquin, D.G., Blaikie, H., Patriquin, M.J. and Yang, C., 1993. On-farm measurements of pH, electrical conductivity and nitrate in soil extracts for monitoring coupling and decoupling of nutrient cycles. Biol. Agric. Hort., 9: 231-272.
    • (1993) Biol. Agric. Hort. , vol.9 , pp. 231-272
    • Patriquin, D.G.1    Blaikie, H.2    Patriquin, M.J.3    Yang, C.4
  • 38
    • 0000123726 scopus 로고
    • Growth stimulation of apple trees in unsterilized soil under field conditions with VA mycorrhiza inoculation
    • Plenchette, C., Furlan, V. and Fortin, J.A., 1981. Growth stimulation of apple trees in unsterilized soil under field conditions with VA mycorrhiza inoculation. Can. J. Bot., 59: 2003-2008
    • (1981) Can. J. Bot. , vol.59 , pp. 2003-2008
    • Plenchette, C.1    Furlan, V.2    Fortin, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 0025553348 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of pesticides to earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and effect on thatch degradation in Kentucky bluegrass turf
    • Potter, D.A., Buxton, M.C., Redmond, C.T., Patterson, C.G. and Powell, A.J., 1990. Toxicity of pesticides to earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and effect on thatch degradation in Kentucky bluegrass turf. J. Econ. Entomol., 83 (6): 2362-2369.
    • (1990) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 2362-2369
    • Potter, D.A.1    Buxton, M.C.2    Redmond, C.T.3    Patterson, C.G.4    Powell, A.J.5
  • 40
    • 0023476956 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation
    • Powlson, D.S., Brookes, P.C. and Christensen, B.T., 1987. Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19: 159-164.
    • (1987) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.19 , pp. 159-164
    • Powlson, D.S.1    Brookes, P.C.2    Christensen, B.T.3
  • 41
    • 84974253188 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of soil properties as influenced by organic and conventional farming systems
    • Reganold, J.P., 1988. Comparison of soil properties as influenced by organic and conventional farming systems. Am. J. Alt. Agric., 3 (4): 144-155.
    • (1988) Am. J. Alt. Agric. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 144-155
    • Reganold, J.P.1
  • 42
    • 0028993884 scopus 로고
    • Significance of gravimetric versus volumetric measurements of soil quality under biodynamic, conventional, and continuous grass management
    • Reganold, J.P. and Palmer, A.S., 1995. Significance of gravimetric versus volumetric measurements of soil quality under biodynamic, conventional, and continuous grass management. J. Soil Water Conserv., 50 (3): 298-305.
    • (1995) J. Soil Water Conserv. , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 298-305
    • Reganold, J.P.1    Palmer, A.S.2
  • 43
    • 0000130932 scopus 로고
    • Soluble salts
    • A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI
    • Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Editors). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd edn. Agronomy Series, No. 9, Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, pp. 167-180.
    • (1982) Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods, 2nd Edn. Agronomy Series , vol.9 , pp. 167-180
    • Rhoades, J.D.1
  • 44
    • 85033102639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of microbial biomass C and N in soil quality
    • Chapter 12 In: J.W. Doran (Editor). (in press)
    • Rice, C.W., Moorman, T. and Beare, M., 1996. Role of microbial biomass C and N in soil quality. Chapter 12 In: J.W. Doran (Editor). Handbook of Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. (in press).
    • (1996) Handbook of Methods for Assessing Soil Quality
    • Rice, C.W.1    Moorman, T.2    Beare, M.3
  • 45
    • 0001908968 scopus 로고
    • Earthworms
    • J. Phillipson (Editors). Methods of Study in Quantitative Soil Ecology: Population, Production and Energy Flow. Blackwell, Oxford
    • Satchell, J.E., 1971. Earthworms. In: J. Phillipson (Editors). Methods of Study in Quantitative Soil Ecology: Population, Production and Energy Flow. IBP Handbook No. 18. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 107-127.
    • (1971) IBP Handbook , vol.18 , pp. 107-127
    • Satchell, J.E.1
  • 46
    • 0001548122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis
    • Chapter 10. In: J.W. Doran (Editors). (in press)
    • Smith, J. and Doran, J.W., 1996. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. Chapter 10. In: J.W. Doran (Editors). Handbook of Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. (in press).
    • (1996) Handbook of Methods for Assessing Soil Quality
    • Smith, J.1    Doran, J.W.2
  • 47
    • 0026453198 scopus 로고
    • Ratio of microbial biomass to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter
    • Sparling, G.P., 1992. Ratio of microbial biomass to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter. Aust. J. Soil Res., 30: 195-207.
    • (1992) Aust. J. Soil Res. , vol.30 , pp. 195-207
    • Sparling, G.P.1
  • 49
    • 84982653733 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phosphorus on the formation of mycorrhizas by Gigaspora calospora and Glomus fasciculatum in relation to root carbohydrates
    • Thomson, B.D., Robson, A.D. and Abbott, L.K., 1986. Effects of phosphorus on the formation of mycorrhizas by Gigaspora calospora and Glomus fasciculatum in relation to root carbohydrates. New Phytol., 103: 751-765.
    • (1986) New Phytol. , vol.103 , pp. 751-765
    • Thomson, B.D.1    Robson, A.D.2    Abbott, L.K.3
  • 51
    • 0027038407 scopus 로고
    • Limitations to the use of pitfall traps in ecological studies exemplified by a study of spiders in a field of winter wheat
    • Topping, C.J. and Sunderland, K.D., 1992. Limitations to the use of pitfall traps in ecological studies exemplified by a study of spiders in a field of winter wheat. J. Appl. Ecol., 29: 485-491.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.29 , pp. 485-491
    • Topping, C.J.1    Sunderland, K.D.2
  • 52
    • 0028684202 scopus 로고
    • Microbial indicators of soil quality
    • Doran, Coleman, Bezdicek and Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison, WI
    • Turco, R.F., Kennedy, A.C. and Jawson, M.D., 1994. Microbial Indicators of Soil Quality. In: Doran, Coleman, Bezdicek and Stewart (Editors). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. No. 35. Madison, WI, pp. 73-90.
    • (1994) Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Spec. Pub. , vol.35 , pp. 73-90
    • Turco, R.F.1    Kennedy, A.C.2    Jawson, M.D.3
  • 53
    • 0001341936 scopus 로고
    • Ammonium production in soil under waterlogged conditions as an index of nitrogen availability
    • Waring, S.A. and Bremner, J.M., 1964. Ammonium production in soil under waterlogged conditions as an index of nitrogen availability. Nature, 201: 951-952.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.201 , pp. 951-952
    • Waring, S.A.1    Bremner, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 0030323844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inoculative release of anecic earthworms in a California orchard
    • in press
    • Werner, M.R., 1996. Inoculative release of anecic earthworms in a California orchard. Am. J. Alt. Agric., 11 (4) (in press).
    • (1996) Am. J. Alt. Agric. , vol.11 , Issue.4
    • Werner, M.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.