Energy dissipation in lightning flashes

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 17, 1997, Pages 21401-21410

  Cooray, Vernon ^a,b  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b Institute of High Voltage Research   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; ENERGY DISSIPATION; LIGHTNING FLASH;

EID: 0031407352     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd01917     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Barasch, G. E., Spectral intensities emitted by lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1049-1057, 1970.
2. Berger, K., R. B. Anderson, and H. Kroninger, Parameters of lightning flashes, Electra, 80, 23-27, 1975.
3. Berger, K., The earth flash, in Lightning, edited by R. H. Golde, pp. 119-190, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1977.
4. Borovsky, J. E., An electrodynamic description of lightning return strokes and dart leaders: Guided wave propagation alone conducting cylindrical channels, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2691-2126, 1995.
5. Borucki, W. J., and W. L. Chameides, Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation, Rev. Geophys., 22, 363-372, 1984.
6. Brook, M., N. Kitagawa, and E. J. Workman, Quantitative study of strokes and continuing currents in lightning discharges to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 649-659, 1962.
7. Bruce, C. E. R; and R. H. Golde, The lightning discharge, J. Inst. Electr. Eng., 88, part 2, 487-520, 1941.
8. Byrne, G. J., A. A. Few, and M. E. Weber, Altitude, thickness and charge concentration of charged regions of four thunderstorms during Trip 1981 based upon in situ balloon electric field measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 39-42, 1983.
9. Cabrera, V., and V. Cooray, On the mechanism of space charge generation and neutralization in a coaxial cylindrical configuration in air, J. Electrostat., 28, 187-196, 1992.
10. Conner, T. R., The 1967 APRA-AEC joint lightning study at Los Alamos, vol. 1, LA-3754, Los Alamos Sci. Lab., Los Alamos, N. M., 1967.
11. Cooray, V., Power and energy dissipation in subsequent return strokes as predicted by a new return stroke model, International aerospace and ground conference on lightning and static electricity, NASA con. publ., 3106, vol. I, pp. 66-1 to 66-11, 1991.
12. Cooray, V., A model for subsequent return strokes, J. Electrostat., 30, 343-354, 1993.
13. Cooray, V., A model for negative first return strokes in lightning flashes, Physica Scripta, 55, 119-128, 1997.
14. Diendorfer, G., and M. A. Uman, An improved return stroke model with specified channel base current, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,621-13,644, 1990.
15. Few, A. A., Power spectrum of thunder, J. Geophys. Res, 74, 6926-6934, 1969.
16. Guo, C., and E. P. Krider, The optical and radiation field signatures produced by lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8913-8922, 1982.
17. y in the unpolluted troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett, 8, 591-594, 1981.
18. Hill, R. D., Channel heating in return stroke lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 637-645, 1971.
19. Kazemir, H. W., Static discharge and triggered lightning, Proc. 8th International conference on lightning and static electricity, Report no. DOT/FAA/CT-83/25, pp. 24-1 to 24-11, Federal Aviation Administration, Fort Worth, Texas, 1983.
20. Kowalczyk, M and E. Bauer, Lightning as a source of NO in the troposphere, Rep. FAA-EE-82-4, U. S. Dep. of Transp., Washington, D. C., 1982.
21. Krehbiel, P. R., M. Brook, and R. A. McCrory, An analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to the ground, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2432-2456, 1979.
22. Krider, E. P., G. A. Dawson, and M. A. Uman, Peak power and energy dissipation in a single stroke lightning flash, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3335-3339, 1968.
23. Malan, D. J., Physics of lightning, English Univ. Press, London, 1963.
24. Mackerras, D., Photoelectric observations of the light emitted by lightning flashes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 521-535, 1973.
25. Paxton, A. H., R. L. Gardner, and L. Baker, Lightning return stroke: A numerical calculation of the optical radiation, Phys. Fluids, 29, 2736-2742, 1986.
26. Plooster, M. N., Numerical model of the return stroke of the lightning channel, Phys. Fluids, 14, 2124-2133, 1971.
27. Schonland, B. F. J., The lightning discharge, Handb. Phys., 22, 576-628, 1956.
28. Turman, B. N., Analysis of lightning data from the DMSP satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5019-5024, 1978.
29. Uman, M. A., Lightning, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.
30. Wilson, C. T. R., Investigations on lightning discharges and on the electric field of thunderstorms, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A, 221, 73-115, 1920.
31. Zhivlyuk, Y. N., and S. L. Mandel'shtam, On the temperature of lightning and force of thunder, Sov. Phys. JEPT, Engl. Transl., 13, 338-340, 1961.