Re-evaluation of oral contraceptive classifications

International Journal of Fertility and Women's Medicine

Volumn 42, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1997, Pages 133-144

  Carr, Bruce R ^a   MacDonald, Paul C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgenicity; Estrogen; Nomenclature; Oral contraceptives; Progestin

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; DESOGESTREL; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETYNODIOL DIACETATE; GESTAGEN; GESTODENE; LEVONORGESTREL; LIPOPROTEIN; NORETHISTERONE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; NORETYNODREL; NORGESTIMATE; NORGESTREL; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; SEX HORMONE; SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN;

BINDING AFFINITY; CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG STRUCTURE; HUMAN; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE;

ANIMALS; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; FEMALE; HUMANS;

EID: 0031406408     PISSN: 1534892X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. Mishell DR, Jr: Oral contraception: past, present, and future perspectives. Int J Fertil 37(Suppl 1):7-18, 1991.
2. Speroff L, Darney PD: A Clinical Guide for Contraception, 2nd ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, pp 25-117, 1996.
3. Wilde MI, Balfour JA: Gestodene. A review of its pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability in combined contraceptive preparations. Drugs 50(Suppl)(192): 364-395, 1995.
4. Spitzer WO, Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, et al: Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. Br Med J 312:83-88, 1996.
5. Henzl MR: Synthetic sex steroids. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds). Reproductive Endocrinology, Surgery, and Technology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1:585-604, 1996.
6. Rebar RW, Zeserson K: Characteristics of the new progestogens in combination oral contraceptives. Contraception 44:1-10, 1991.
7. Stanczyk FZ: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics of progestogens. In: Lobo RA, Whitehead MI, Wadler GI (eds). Consensus Development Conference on Progestogens. Int Proc J 1:11-20, 1989.
8. Lobo RA, Stanczyk FZ: New knowledge in the physiology of hormonal contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:1499-1507, 1994.
9. Bergink EW, Kloosterboer HJ: Structural requirements for optimal receptor binding of contraceptive progestogens. Adv Contracept 1:256-257, 1985.
10. Collins DC: Sex hormone receptor binding, progestin selectivity, and the new oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:1508-1513, 1994.
11. Phillips A, Demarest K, Hahn DW, et al: Progestational and androgenic receptor binding affinities and in vivo activities of norgestimate and other progestins. Contraception 41:399-410, 1990.
12. Darney PD: The androgenicity of progestins. Am J Med 98(Suppl 1A):104S-110S, 1995.
13. Anderson FD: Noregestimate: a preclinical profile. Int J Fertil 37(Suppl 1):27-35, 1992.
14. Phillips A, Hahn DW, McGuire JL: Preclinical evaluation of norgestimate, a progestin with minimal androgenic activity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:1191-1196, 1992.
15. Upmalis D, Phillips A: Receptor binding and in vivo activities of the new progestins. J Soc Obstet Gynecol Can 13(Suppl):35-39, 1991.
16. Fotherby K, Caldwell A: New progestogens in oral contraception. Contraception 49:1-32, 1994.
17. El Makhzangy MN, Wynn V, Lawrence DM: Sex hormone binding globulin capacity as an index of oestrogenicity or androgenicity in women on oral contraceptive steroids. Clin Endocrinol 10:39-45, 1979.
18. Victor A, Weiner E, Johansson EDB: Relation between sex hormone binding globulin and d-norgestrel levels in plasma. Acta Endocrinol 86:430-436, 1977.
19. Janaud A, Rouffy J, Upmalis D, et al: A comparison study of lipid and androgen metabolism with triphasic oral contraceptive formulations containing norgestimate or levonorgestrel. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 71(Suppl 156):33-38, 1992.
20. Chapdelaine A, Desmarais J-L, Derman RJ: Clinical evidence of the minimal androgenic activity of norgestimate. Int J Fertil 34:347-352, 1989.
21. Hammond GL, Langley MS, Robinson PA, et al: Serum steroid binding protein concentrations, distribution of progestogens, and bioavailability of testosterone during treatment with contraceptives containing desogestrel or levonorgestrel. Fertil Steril 42:44-51, 1984.
22. Mall-Haefali M, Werner-Zodrow I, Huber PR: Biochemical and clinical results of the new micropill Cilest. In: Keller PJ (ed). Aktuelle Aspekte der hormonalen Kontrazeption. Basel: Karger, pp 55-66, 1991.
23. Speroff L, DeCherney A, The Advisory Board for the New Progestins: Evaluation of a new generation of oral contraception. Obstet Gynecol 81:1034-1047, 1993.