Ferromanganese crust and nodule deposits from the continental margin south and west of Tasmania

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 701-710

  Exon, N F ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ORGANISATION   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ferromanganese crusts; Ferromanganese nodules; Manganese crusts; Manganese nodules; South Tasman Rise

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL MARGIN; DEEP SEA DEPOSIT; FERROMANGANESE CRUST; FERROMANGANESE DEPOSITS; FERROMANGANESE NODULE; MINERAL RESOURCES;

INDIAN OCEAN, SOUTH TASMAN RISE;

EID: 0031404316     PISSN: 08120099     EISSN: 14400952     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08120099708728347     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. BERGER W. H. & WINTERER E. L. 1974. Plate stratigraphy and the fluctuating carbonate line. In: Hsu K. J. & Jenkyns H. C. eds. Pelagic sediments on land and under the sea, pp. 11-89. International Association of Sedimentologists, Blackwell Science, Oxford.
2. BOLTON B. R., EXON N. F., OSTWALD J. & KUDRASS H. R. 1988. Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts and nodules from the South Tasman Rise, southeast of Australia. Marine Geology 84, 53-80.
3. CLARK A. L., LUM J., Li C., MORGAN C., IGARASHI Y. & ICAY W. 1993. Cook Islands manganese nodule resource assessment, economic and policy analysis. Pacific Islands Development Program Report, East-West Center, Honolulu.
4. CRONAN D. S. 1980. Underwater Minerals. Academic Press, London.
5. CRONAN D. S. & MOORBY S. A. 1981. Manganese nodules and other ferromanganese oxide deposits from the Indian Ocean. Journal Geological Society of London 138, 527-539.
6. EXON N. F. 1983. Manganese nodule deposits in the central Pacific Ocean, and their variation with latitude. Marine Mining 4, 79-108.
7. EXON N. F., BERRY R. F., CRAWFORD A. J. & HILL P. J. 1997a. Geological evolution of the East Tasman Plateau, a continental fragment southeast of Tasmania. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 597-608.
8. EXON N. F., GRAHAM T. L., WILLIAMS S. M et al. 1993. BMR Cruise 107. Seabed morphology and offshore resources around Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Bureau of Mineral Resources Record 1993/6.
9. EXON N. F., LEE C. S. & HILL P. J. 1989. RV Rig Seismic geophysical and geological research cruise off western and southeastern Tasmania. Bureau of Mineral Resources Record 1989/12.
10. EXON N. F., MARSHALL J. F., MCCORKLE D. C. et al. 1995. AGSO Cruise 147 report. Tasman Rises geological sampling cruise of Rig Seismic: stratigraphy, tectonic history and palaeoclimate of the offshore Tasmanian region. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1995/56.
11. EXON N. F., MOORE A. G. M. & HILL P. J. 1997b. Geological framework of the South Tasman Rise, south of Tasmania, and its sedimentary basins. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 561-577.
12. EXON N. F., ROYER J-Y. & HILL P. J. 1996. Tasmante cruise: swath-mapping and underway geophysics south and west of Tasmania. Marine Geophysical Researches 18, 275-287.
13. HALBACH P., MANHEIM F. T. & OTTEN P. 1982. Co-rich ferromanganese deposits in the marginal seamount regions of the central Pacific basin-results of the Midpac '81. Erzmetall 35, 447-453.
14. HALBACH P., SEGL M., PUTEANUS D. & MANGINI A. 1983. Cofluxes and growth rates in ferromanganese deposits from central Pacific seamount areas. Nature 304, 716-719.
15. HEIN J. R., KANG J. K., SCHULZ M. S. et al. 1990. Geological, geochemical, geophysical and oceanographic data and interpretations of seamounts and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Marshall Islands, KORDI-USGS RV Famella cruise F10-89-CP. US Geological Survey Open File Report 90-407.
16. HEIN J. R., SCHULZ M. S. & GEIN L. M. 1992. Central Pacific cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: historical perspective and regional variability. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series 16, 261-283.
17. HINZ K. & SHIPBOARD PARTY 1985. Geophysical, geological and geochemical studies off West Tasmania and on the South Tasman Rise. Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Cruise Report SO36B.
18. HORN D. R., HORN B. M. & DELACH M. N. 1972. Ferromanganese deposits of the North Pacific. Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration, Technical Report No. 1, National Science Foundation GX-33616, Washington.
19. MALLETT C. D. & HEEZEN B. C. 1977. Circum-polar circulation and Late Tertiary changes in the carbonate compensation depth south of Australia. Marine Geology 23, 89-101.
20. MANHEIM F. T. 1986. Marine cobalt resources. Science 232, 600-608.
21. MANHEIM F. T. & LANE BOSTWICK C. M. 1988. Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor. Nature 335, 59-62.
22. PAYNE R. T. & CONOLLY J. R. 1972. Pleistocene manganese production: its relationship to the origin of manganese in the Tasman Sea. In: Horn D. R. ed. Ferromanganese deposits on the ocean floor, pp. 81-92. Arden House, Harriman, New York.
23. SUDHAKAR M. 1989. Ore grade manganese nodules from the central Indian Ocean: an evaluation. Marine Mining 8, 201-204.
24. VON STACKELBERG U. & BEERSDORF H. 1991. The formation of manganese nodules between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones southeast of Hawaii. Marine Geology 98, 411-423.
25. WATKINS N. D. & KENNETT J. P. 1977. Erosion of deep-sea sediments in the Southern Ocean between longitudes 70°E and 190°E and contrasts in manganese nodule development. Marine Geology 23, 103-111.