The political shape of Central Asia

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 517-542

  Akbarzadeh, Shahram ^a  

^a LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTHORITARIANISM; GEOPOLITICS; NATIONALISM; SOVIET COLLAPSE;

ASIA, (CENTRAL);

EID: 0031404039     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634939708401010     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Open Media Research Institute, Daily Digest, 5 February 1996.
2. Two controversial volumes by the Tajik historian Rakhim Masov examine the 1920s demarcation of Central Asia which left a sizeable Tajik-speaking population in Uzbekistan: Istoriya topornogo razdeleniya, Dushanbe, Irfan, 1991; Tadzhiki: istoriya s grifom 'sovershenno sekretno', Dushanbe, Paivand, 1995.
3. Fierman, William, 'Policy Toward Islam in Uzbekistan in the Gorbachev era', Nationalities Papers, Vol 22, No 1, 1994, p 238.
4. 'Delegatsiya Uzbekistana v Izmire', Pravda Vostoka, 19 December 1991, p 1.
5. Id-Fitr and Id-Qurban were made official holidays in 1992 in all three Central Asian republics, see Narodnaya Gazeta, 9 April 1992, p 1; Turkmenskaya Iskra, 26 May 1992, p 1; and Pravda Vostoka, 16 July 1992, p 1.
6. Id-Fitr and Id-Qurban were made official holidays in 1992 in all three Central Asian republics, see Narodnaya Gazeta, 9 April 1992, p 1; Turkmenskaya Iskra, 26 May 1992, p 1; and Pravda Vostoka, 16 July 1992, p 1.
7. Id-Fitr and Id-Qurban were made official holidays in 1992 in all three Central Asian republics, see Narodnaya Gazeta, 9 April 1992, p 1; Turkmenskaya Iskra, 26 May 1992, p 1; and Pravda Vostoka, 16 July 1992, p 1.
8. Gibb, H. A. R. and Kramers, J. H. (eds), Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam, Netherlands, E.J. Brill, 1991.
9. Rosenthal, Erwin I. J., Islam in the Modern National State, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1965, pp 17-21.
10. Ibid, pp 20, 26.
11. Javid Iqbal, 'Democracy and the modern Islamic state', Esposito, John L., Voices of Resurgent Islam, New York, Oxford University Press, 1983, p 155.
12. Dobson, Richard B., 'Islam in Central Asia: findings from national surveys', Central Asia Monitor, No 2, 1994, p 19.
13. For an exposition of these parties see Esposito, John L., The Islamic Threat, Myth or Reality, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992, pp 119-167.
14. Nancy Lubin, Central Asians Take Stock, Reform, Corruption and Identity, United States Institute of Peace, US, 1995.
15. OMRI Daily Digest, 28 April 1995.
16. In November 1995, the head of the Turkmen state bakery was the target of President Niyazov's wrath for failing to supply the population with bread. See OMRI Daily Digest, 9 November 1995. Nearly five months later Hokim of Mary veloyat was sacked for increasing the retail price of bread. See OMRI Daily Digest, 17 March 1996.
17. In November 1995, the head of the Turkmen state bakery was the target of President Niyazov's wrath for failing to supply the population with bread. See OMRI Daily Digest, 9 November 1995. Nearly five months later Hokim of Mary veloyat was sacked for increasing the retail price of bread. See OMRI Daily Digest, 17 March 1996.
18. This scenario seems to be the case in most Middle Eastern societies where Islam has enjoyed a recent revival. See observations in John L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat, Myth or Reality?, op cit.
19. Rakhim Musulmonie, 'Demokraticheskaya partiya segodnya', Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 27 February 1996, p 3.
20. Author's communication with Open Media Research Institute analyst, Ms Elena Corti, 5 November 1995.
21. Pravda Vostoka, 6 May 1995, p 1.
22. Leadership Politics in the Post-Communist Transition, (electronic database funded by the Australian Research Council), Politics, La Trobe University, Australia.
23. The latest incident occurred in May 1996 when 40 Tajik students, accepted at Qazvin University, Iran, were barred from leaving Tajikistan for fear of the spread of 'Islamic fundamentalism'. OMRI Daily Digest, 3 May 1996.
24. OMRI Daily Digest, 13 May 1996.
25. The first issue of Zaman, joint Turkish-Uzbek paper, warned Uzbeks against 'the danger of Iranization', S. Novoprudskii, 'Informatsionnoe nastuplenie Turtsii', Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 22 July 1992, p 1.
26. 'Delegatsiya Uzbekistana v Izmire", Pravda Vosloka, 19 December 1991, p 1.
27. OMRI Daily Digest, 1 November 1995.
28. 'Rezolyutsiya General'noi Assamblei Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsii', Neitral'nyi Turkmenistan, 14 December 1995, p 1; Neitral'nyi Turkmenistan is the new title for the state-run newspaper Turkmenskaya Iskra.
29. This was evident in early 1995 when President Karimov identified 'Russian imperialism' as a threat to Uzbekistan's sovereignty to the visiting US Defence Secretary, William Perry. OMRI Daily Digest, 7 April 1995.
30. OMRI Daily Digest, 17 March 1996.
31. Stephen Hegarty, 'The rehabilitation of Temur: reconstructing national history in contemporary Uzbekistan', Central Asia Monitor, No 1, 1995.
32. Nigina Baikabulova, 'Vse dorogi vedyt v makhallyu', Pravda Vostoka, 29 July 1995, p 2.