Africa in the post-cold war era: Three strategies for survival

Journal of Asian and African Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 223-244

  Mbaku, John Mukum ^a  

^a WEBER STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; HUMAN CAPITAL; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

AFRICA;

EID: 0031401619     PISSN: 00219096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002190969703200304     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. See Robert Fatton, Jr., "Liberal Democracy in Africa," Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 3 (1990), p. 457; John M. Mbaku, "Africa Then and Now: The Continuing Struggle for Peaceful Coexistence," India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, Vol. LII, No. 1 & 2 (1996), pp. 115-136.
2. See Robert Fatton, Jr., "Liberal Democracy in Africa," Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 3 (1990), p. 457; John M. Mbaku, "Africa Then and Now: The Continuing Struggle for Peaceful Coexistence," India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, Vol. LII, No. 1 & 2 (1996), pp. 115-136.
3. Victor T. LeVine, The Cameroons: From Mandate to Independence (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1964).
4. Mbaku (1996), op. cit.
5. See, for example, Denis V. Cowen, The Foundations of Freedom: With Special Reference to Southern Africa (Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 1961); LeVine (1964), op. cit.
6. See, for example, Denis V. Cowen, The Foundations of Freedom: With Special Reference to Southern Africa (Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 1961); LeVine (1964), op. cit.
7. Samuel Decalo, "The Process, Prospects and Constraints of Democratization in Africa," African Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 362 (1992), p. 10.
8. Decalo (1992), op. cit.; Julius Nyerere, Freedom and Unity (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press, 1966).
9. Decalo (1992), op. cit.; Julius Nyerere, Freedom and Unity (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press, 1966).
10. Decalo (1992), op. cit., p. 10.
11. Anne O. Krueger, Economic Policy Reform in Developing Countries: The Kuznets Memorial Lectures (Oxford, UK and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1992), pp. 7-8.
12. John Mbaku and Chris Paul, "Political Instability in Africa: A Rent-Seeking Approach," Public Choice, Vol. 63, No. 1 (1989), pp. 63-72; John M. Mbaku, "State Control, Economic Planning and Competition Among Interest Groups for Government Transfers," The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1991), pp. 181-194.
13. John Mbaku and Chris Paul, "Political Instability in Africa: A Rent-Seeking Approach," Public Choice, Vol. 63, No. 1 (1989), pp. 63-72; John M. Mbaku, "State Control, Economic Planning and Competition Among Interest Groups for Government Transfers," The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1991), pp. 181-194.
14. The literature on corruption in Africa is quite extension. For a recent review, see John M. Mbaku, "Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: The Futility of Cleanups," Cato Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1 (1996), pp. 99-118.
15. World Bank, Accelerated Development in sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1981); OAU, The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000 (Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1981).
16. World Bank, Accelerated Development in sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1981); OAU, The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000 (Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1981).
17. Constitutional Assembly of South Africa, Annual Report 1996 (Cape Town: Constitutional Assembly, 1996).
18. Cameroon Life, July-August 1993, p. 23.
19. Geoffrey Brennan and James M. Buchanan, The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. ix-x.
20. Cowen (1961), op. cit.; John M. Mbaku, "Preparing Africa for the Twenty-First Century: Lessons from Constitutional Economics," Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1995), pp. 139-160; John M. Mbaku, "Post-Independence Opportunism and Democratization in Africa," The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1995), pp. 405-422.
21. Cowen (1961), op. cit.; John M. Mbaku, "Preparing Africa for the Twenty-First Century: Lessons from Constitutional Economics," Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1995), pp. 139-160; John M. Mbaku, "Post-Independence Opportunism and Democratization in Africa," The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1995), pp. 405-422.
22. Cowen (1961), op. cit.; John M. Mbaku, "Preparing Africa for the Twenty-First Century: Lessons from Constitutional Economics," Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1995), pp. 139-160; John M. Mbaku, "Post-Independence Opportunism and Democratization in Africa," The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1995), pp. 405-422.
23. Dennis C. Mueller, "Choosing a Constitution in East Europe: Lessons from Public Choice," Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 15, No. 2 (1991), p. 326.
24. See, for example, Mueller (1991), op. cit.; Elinor Ostrom, Larry Schroeder, and Susan Wynne, Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993).
25. See, for example, Mueller (1991), op. cit.; Elinor Ostrom, Larry Schroeder, and Susan Wynne, Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993).
26. Brennan and Buchanan (1985), op. cit., p. 19.
27. David M. Trubek and Marc Gallanter, "Scholars in Self-estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States," Wisconsin Law Review, Vol. 4 (1974), pp. 1062-1102.
28. Brennan and Buchanan (1985), op. cit.
29. Brennan and Buchanan (1985), op. cit., p. 26.
30. Anton D. Lowenberg, "A Post-Apartheid Constitution for South Africa: Lessons from Public Choice," Caro Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1992), pp. 297-319.
31. Lowenberg (1992), op. cit.
32. Brennan and Buchanan (1985), op. cit., p. 22.
33. Ostrom, Schroeder, and Wynne (1993), op. cit., pp. 43-72.
34. Jack Wiseman, "Principles of Political Economy: An Outline Proposal, Illustrated by Application to Fiscal Federalism," Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990), pp. 121-122.
35. Terry L. Anderson and Peter J. Hill, "Constraining the Transfer Society: Constitutional and Moral Dimensions," Cato Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1986), pp. 220-253; Roger D. Congleton, "Constitutional Federalism and Decentralization: A Second Best Solution," Economia delle Scelte Pubblice (Italy), Vol. 1 (1994), pp. 15-29.
36. Terry L. Anderson and Peter J. Hill, "Constraining the Transfer Society: Constitutional and Moral Dimensions," Cato Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1986), pp. 220-253; Roger D. Congleton, "Constitutional Federalism and Decentralization: A Second Best Solution," Economia delle Scelte Pubblice (Italy), Vol. 1 (1994), pp. 15-29.
37. Richard E. Wagner and James D. Gwartney, "Public Choice and Constitutional Order," in: James D. Gwartney and Richard E. Wagner (Eds), Public Choice and Constitutional Economics (Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1988), pp. 46-48.
38. Wagner and Gwartney (1988), op. cit.
39. One of the earliest supporters of central planning is the U.S. economist, Paul A. Samuelson. See his Economics, 9th edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971). For the poor performance of statism in post-independence Africa, see John M. Mbaku, "Levels of Living in Sahel West Africa Since the 1960s," Africa Insight, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1989), pp. 38-47; and John M. Mbaku, "Africa After More Than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived," Journal of Third World Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1994), pp. 13-58.
40. One of the earliest supporters of central planning is the U.S. economist, Paul A. Samuelson. See his Economics, 9th edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971). For the poor performance of statism in post-independence Africa, see John M. Mbaku, "Levels of Living in Sahel West Africa Since the 1960s," Africa Insight, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1989), pp. 38-47; and John M. Mbaku, "Africa After More Than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived," Journal of Third World Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1994), pp. 13-58.
41. One of the earliest supporters of central planning is the U.S. economist, Paul A. Samuelson. See his Economics, 9th edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971). For the poor performance of statism in post-independence Africa, see John M. Mbaku, "Levels of Living in Sahel West Africa Since the 1960s," Africa Insight, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1989), pp. 38-47; and John M. Mbaku, "Africa After More Than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived," Journal of Third World Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1994), pp. 13-58.
42. James D. Gwartney, Robert Lawson, and Walter Block (Eds), Economic Freedom of the World: 1975-1995 (Vancouver, British Columbia: Fraser Institute, 1996).
43. Gwartney, Lawson, and Block (1996), op. cit.
44. A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by John M. Mbaku, "Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1995), pp. 141-177; and John M. Mbaku, "Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa," Business & the Contemporary Society, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1995), pp. 77-90. Also see James Boughton, "The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa," Finance and Development, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1992), pp. 34-36; Robert C. Hine, "Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 115-123; and Michael Davenport, "Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 233-251.
45. A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by John M. Mbaku, "Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1995), pp. 141-177; and John M. Mbaku, "Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa," Business & the Contemporary Society, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1995), pp. 77-90. Also see James Boughton, "The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa," Finance and Development, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1992), pp. 34-36; Robert C. Hine, "Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 115-123; and Michael Davenport, "Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 233-251.
46. A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by John M. Mbaku, "Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1995), pp. 141-177; and John M. Mbaku, "Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa," Business & the Contemporary Society, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1995), pp. 77-90. Also see James Boughton, "The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa," Finance and Development, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1992), pp. 34-36; Robert C. Hine, "Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 115-123; and Michael Davenport, "Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 233-251.
47. A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by John M. Mbaku, "Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1995), pp. 141-177; and John M. Mbaku, "Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa," Business & the Contemporary Society, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1995), pp. 77-90. Also see James Boughton, "The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa," Finance and Development, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1992), pp. 34-36; Robert C. Hine, "Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 115-123; and Michael Davenport, "Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 233-251.
48. A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by John M. Mbaku, "Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy," Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1995), pp. 141-177; and John M. Mbaku, "Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa," Business & the Contemporary Society, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1995), pp. 77-90. Also see James Boughton, "The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa," Finance and Development, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1992), pp. 34-36; Robert C. Hine, "Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 115-123; and Michael Davenport, "Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred," Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992), pp. 233-251.
49. See Omotunde E.G. Johnson, "Economic Integration in Africa: Enhancing Prospects for Success," The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (1991), pp. 1-26; OAU, The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000 (Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1981).
50. See Omotunde E.G. Johnson, "Economic Integration in Africa: Enhancing Prospects for Success," The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (1991), pp. 1-26; OAU, The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000 (Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1981).
51. See, for example, Graciela Chichilnisky, "Trade Regimes and GATT: Resource Intensive vs. Knowledge Intensive Growth," Economic Systems Merged With Journal of International and Comparative Economics, Vol. 20 (1996), pp. 147-181; and Graciela Chichilnisky, "Terms of Trade and Domestic Distribution: Export Led Growth With Abundant Labor," Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 163-192.
52. See, for example, Graciela Chichilnisky, "Trade Regimes and GATT: Resource Intensive vs. Knowledge Intensive Growth," Economic Systems Merged With Journal of International and Comparative Economics, Vol. 20 (1996), pp. 147-181; and Graciela Chichilnisky, "Terms of Trade and Domestic Distribution: Export Led Growth With Abundant Labor," Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 163-192.
53. Chichilnisky (1996), op. cit., p. 149.
54. Chichilnisky (1996), op. cit.
55. Chichilnisky (1996), op. cit.
56. See, for example, Donald McCloskey, The Applied Theory of Price (New York: MacMillan, 1985); and Alan Hochstein, Microeconomics: An Advanced Introduction (Lewiston, New Jersey: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc., 1993).
57. See, for example, Donald McCloskey, The Applied Theory of Price (New York: MacMillan, 1985); and Alan Hochstein, Microeconomics: An Advanced Introduction (Lewiston, New Jersey: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc., 1993).
58. Chichilnisky (1981), op. cit.
59. See Peter H. Lindert and Thomas A. Pugel, International Economics (Chicago, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, 1996), pp. 106-108.
60. Lindert and Pugel (1996), op. cit.; Chichilnisky (1996), op. cit.
61. Lindert and Pugel (1996), op. cit.; Chichilnisky (1996), op. cit.
62. Ostrom, Schroeder, and Wynne (1993), op. cit.