A study of general circulation model climate feedbacks determined from perturbed sea surface temperature experiments

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 16, 1997, Pages 19383-19402

  Colman, R A ^a   McAvaney, B J ^a  

^a BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE FEEDBACK; GCM;

EID: 0031401050     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd00206     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Alexander, R.C., and R.L. Mobley, Monthly average sea-surface temperatures and ice-pack limits on a 1 ○ global grid. Mon. Weath. Rev., 104, 143-148, 1976.
2. Bourke, W.P., Spectral methods in global climate and weather prediction models. The Physical Basis of Climate Modeling, NATO ASI Series, pp 375-431, edited by M.E. Schlesinger, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1988.
3. Bourke, W.P., B.J. McAvaney, K. Pun and R., Thurling, Global modeling of atmospheric flow by spectral methods, in Methods in Computational Physics, vol. 17, General Circulation Models of the Atmosphere, edited by J. Chang, pp 267-324, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1977.
4. Cess, R.D. and G.L. Potter, Exploratory studies of cloud radiative forcing with a general circulation model, Tellus, 39A, 460-473, 1987.
5. Cess R.D. and G.L. Potter, A methodology for understanding and intercomparing atmospheric climate feedback processes in GCMs, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 8305-8314, 1988.
6. Cess, R.D., et al., Intercomparison and interpretation of cloud-climate feedback processes in nineteen atmospheric general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16601-16615, 1990.
7. Cess, R.D., et al., Intercomparison and interpretation of snow-climate feedback processes in seventeen atmospheric general circulation models, Science, 253, 888-892, 1991.
8. 2 radiative forcing in general circulation models, Science, 262, 1252-1255, 1993.
9. Cess, R.D., et al., Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,791-12,794, 1996.
10. Colman, R.A., B.J. McAvaney, J.R. Fraser, L.J. Rikus and R.R. Dahni, Snow and Cloud Feedbacks Modeled by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model, Clim. Dyn., 9, 253-265, 1994.
11. Colman, R.A. and B.J. McAvaney, The sensitivity of the climate response of an atmospheric general circulation model to changes in convective parametrization and horizontal resolution, J. Geophvs. Res., 100, 3155-3172, 1995.
12. Colman, R.A. and B.J. McAvaney, Using 'complex feedback' analysis to investigate GCM climate sensitivity, in Numerical Methods: the 7th BMRC modelling workshop, 4-6 Dec., 1995, Rep. 53, Bur. of Meteorol. Res. Cent., Melbourne, Australia, 1996.
13. Colman, R.A., S.B. Power, and B.J. McAvaney, Non-linear climate feedback analysis in a GCM, Clim. Dyn., submitted, 1997.
14. Cunnington, W.M. and J.F.B. Mitchell, On the dependence of climate sensitivity on convective parametrization, Clim. Dyn. 4, 85-93, 1990.
15. Déqué, M. and J.F. Royer, GCM response of the mean zonal surface heat and water budgets to a global sea surface temperature anomaly, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 16, 133-146, 1991.
16. Gates, W.L., AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Sac., 73, 1962-1970, 1992.
17. Gong, W., X. Zhou, and W-C. Wang, A diagnostic study of feedback mechanisms in greenhouse effects simulated by NCAR CCM1, Acta Meteorol. Sin., 8, 270-282, 1994.
18. Hansen, J.D., A. Lacis, D. Rind, G. Russell, P. Stone, I. Fung, R. Ruedy and J. Lerner, Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms, in Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol 29, edited by J.E. Hansen and T. Takahashi, pp 130-163, AGU, Washington D. C., 1984.
19. Houghton, J.T., B. Callander and S.K. Varney, (Eds), Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, 200pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
20. Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins and J.J. Ephraums, (Eds), Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, 365pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1990.
21. Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg and K. Maskell, (Eds), Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, 572pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
22. 2 in climate model experiments. Part I: North America, J. Clim., 1, 348-366, 1988.
23. Kuo, H.L., Further studies of the parametrization of the influence of cumulus convection on large scale flow, J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 1232-1240, 1974.
24. Louis, J.-F., Parametrization of sub-grid scale processes, in ECMWF Seminar, 13-17 September, 1982, and Workshop, 20-24 September, 1982, pp. 83-97, Eur. Cent, for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 1983.
25. Manabe, S. and J.L. Holloway, The seasonal variation of the hydrological cycle as simulated by a global model of the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res, 80, 1617-1649, 1975.
26. 2, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1211-1235, 1987.
27. 2. Part 1: Annual Mean Response, J. Clim., 4, 753-765, 1991.
28. McAvaney, B.J., W.P. Bourke and K. Puri, A global spectral model for simulation of the general circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1557-83, 1978.
29. McAvaney, B.J. and R.A. Colman, The AMIP experiment: The BMRC AGCM configuration, Res. Rep. 38, 43 pp., Bur. of Meteorol. Res. Cent., Melbourne, Australia, 1993.
30. McAvaney, B.J. and R.A. Colman, 1996. Water vapor and cloud feedbacks in the BMRC GCM, in Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and their Validation, NATO ASI, Ser. I, vol. 34. edited by H. Le Treut, pp. 171-190, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996.
31. Meehl, G.A. and W.M. Washington, A comparison of soil moisture sensitivity in two global climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1476-1492, 1988.
32. Miller, M.J., A.C.M. Beljaars and T.N. Palmer, The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parametrization of evaporation from the tropical ocean, J. Clim., 5, 418-434, 1992.
33. Palmer T.N., G.J. Shutts and R. Swinbank, Alleviation of a systematic bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parameterization, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 1001-1039, 1986.
34. Potter, G.L., J.M. Slingo, J. Morcrette, R.L. Mobley, R.S. Drach, T.G. Corsetti and D.N. Williams, Cloud forcing: a modeling perspective, paper presented at workshop on Clouds, Radiative Transfer and the Hydrological Cycle, Nov. 1990, pp 341-372, Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 1990.
35. Randall, et al., Intercomparison and interpretation of surface fluxes in nineteen atmospheric general circulation Models, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3711-3724, 1992.
36. Rikus, L.J., The role of clouds in global climate modeling, Res. Rep. 25, 37 pp., Bur. of Meteorol. Res. Cent., Melbourne, Australia, 1991.
37. 2 induced warming, in Physically Based Modeling and Simulation of Climate and Climate Change, NATO ASI Ser. C, vol 243, edited by M.E. Schlesinger, Kluwer Acad., Norwell Mass., 1988.
38. Schwarzkopf, M.D. and S.B. Fels, The simplified exchange method revisited: an accurate, rapid method for computation of infrared cooling rates and fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9075-9096, 1991.
39. Senior, C.A. and J.F.B. Mitchell, Carbon dioxide and climate: the impact of cloud parametrization, J. Clim., 6, 393-418, 1993.
40. Shine K.P. and A. Sinha, Sensitivity of the Earth's climate to height-dependent changes in the water vapor mixing ratio, Nature, 354, 382-384, 1991.
41. Tiedtke, M., The sensitivity of the time mean large-scale flow to cumulus convection in the ECMWF model, in Report of Workshop on Convection in Large-scale Numerical Models, Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 1984.
42. Tiedtke, M., A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parametrization in large-scale models, Mon. Weath. Rev., 117, 1779-1800, 1989.
43. Wetherald R.T. and S. Manabe, Cloud cover and climate sensitivity J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1485-1510, 1980.
44. Wetherald R.T. and S. Manabe, Cloud feedback processes in a GCM, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1397-1415, 1988.
45. Yang, S.-K., and G.L. Smith, Further study on atmospheric lapse rate regimes, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 961-965, 1985.
46. Zhang, M.H., R.D. Cess, J.J. Hack and J.T. Kiehl, Diagnostic study of climate feedback processes in atmospheric general circulation Models, J. Geophvs. Res, 99, 5525-5537, 1994.
47. Zhang, M.H., J.T. Kiehl and J.J. Hack, 1996, Cloud-radiative feedback as produced by different parametrizations of cloud emissivity in CCM2, in Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and their Validation, NATO ASI, Ser. I, vol 34, pp. 213-230, edited by H. Le Treut, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996.