School finance: Fifty years of expansion

Future of Children

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 24-38

  Guthrie, James W ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUDGET; EDUCATION; FINANCE; GOVERNMENT; POLITICS; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; REVIEW; SALARY; SCHOOL; TEACHING;

EID: 0031400860     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1602443     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. The condition of education 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, p. 12.
2. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Projections of education statistics to 2006. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, p. 108. See errata insert in source document.
3. U.S. Department of Education. A back to school special report: The baby boom echo. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 21, 1996.
4. U.S. General Accounting Office. School facilities: Condition of America's schools. GAO/HEHS-95-61. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1995.
5. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of education statistics, 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, pp. 50-51.
6. The $265 billion figure does not include $22 billion paid, primarily in the form of tuition, to support students enrolled in private K-12 schools. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 35.
7. See note no. 2, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 83, middle alternative projection.
8. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 152.
9. Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, Center for the Study of the States. Education spending faces demographic and other pressures. State Fiscal Brief No. 38. Albany, NY: Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, December 1996, p. 8, Table 3.
10. U.S. General Accounting Office. School finance: Trends in U.S. education spending. GAO/HEHS-95-235. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995, pp. 11-12 and 47-54.
11. See note no. 10, U.S. General Accounting Office, p. 4.
12. U.S. Census Bureau's Governments Division Web site on the World Wide Web: http://www.census.gov/govs/www/index.html. files '92stlus.wk1' and '93stlus.wk1'. April 4, 1997.
13. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 151.
14. Total federal outlays (not including tax expenditures) for Fiscal Year 1993-94 were $1,460,914,000,000. See U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Statistical abstract of the United States: 1995. 115th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995, p. 337.
15. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 385.
16. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of education statistics 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994, p. 163.
17. See note no. 1, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, pp. 160-61.
18. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 89.
19. Vedder, R.K. The three "P's" of American education: Performance, productivity, privatization. Policy Study No. 134. St. Louis, MO: Washington University Center for the Study of American Business, October 1996.
20. Educational Research Service. Concerns in education: Presenting and analyzing issues of importance to school officials. Arlington, VA: ERS, 1992.
21. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 84.
22. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 88.
23. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 416.
24. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 78.
25. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 17.
26. Martin, E.W., Martin, R., and Terman, D.L. The legislative and litigation history of special education. The Future of Children (Spring 1996) 6,1:25-39.
27. Initially enacted as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law 94-142, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 et seq. (1976).
28. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 65.
29. Chaikind, S., Danielson, L., and Brauen, M. What do we know about the costs of special education? A selected review. Journal of Special Education (1993) 26,4:344-70.
30. Ladd, H.F. Holding schools accountable. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1995, p. 3.
31. For further discussion of special education finance, see Parrish, T., and Chambers, J. Financing special education. The Future of Children (Spring 1996) 6,1:121-38.
32. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 15.
33. See note no. 5, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, p. 406.
34. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S.Ct. 686 (1954).
35. Coleman, J.S., Queener, E., Hobson, C.J., et al. Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1966.
36. Farney, D. Fading dreams? Integration is faltering in Kansas City schools as priorities change. Wall Street Journal. September 26, 1995, at A1.
37. Hendrie, C. Judge decides state funds for desegregation to end in K.C. Education Week (April 2, 1997) 16,27:1. Available online at http://www.edweek.org.
38. California State Budget Act, Chapter 162, Statutes of 1996 (SB 1393), and California Governor's Budget, 1997-98, p. E6, Table 2.
39. Murray, S.E., Evans, W.N., and Schwab, R.M. Schoolhouses, courthouses, and statehouses after Serrano. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (1997) 16,1:10-31.
40. Author's calculation, based on the analysis by Murray, Evans, and Schwab (see note no. 39).
41. Berliner, D.C., and Biddle, B.J. The manufactured crisis: Myths, fraud, and the attack on America's public schools. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
42. Bracey, G. The 5th Bracey Report on the condition of public education. Phi Delta Kappan (October 1995) 77,2:149-60.
43. Perhaps the best summary of historic trends in pupil achievement is provided by Koretz, D. Educational achievement: Explanations and implications of recent trends. Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office, 1987.
44. Rothstein, R., and Miles, K.H. Where's the money gone? Changes in the level and composition of education spending. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 1995.
45. Wolf, C., Jr. Markets or governments: Choosing between imperfect alternatives. 2d ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994, p. 43.
46. Hanushek, E.A., Rivkin, S.G., and Jamison, D.T. Improving education outcomes while controlling costs. Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy, bi-nnual conference proceedings. Vol. 37. New York: Elsevier Science, December 1992, pp. 205-38.
47. Odden, A. Decentralized management and school finance. Theory into Practice (Spring 1994) 33,2:104-11.
48. Hill, P., Pierce, L., and Guthrie, J. Reinventing public education: How contracting can transform America's schools. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.