Assessing surface-atmosphere interactions using former Soviet Union standard meteorological network data. Part I: Method

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 2154-2183

  Groisman, Pavel Ya ^a,c   Genikhovich, Eugene L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^b VOEIKOV MAIN GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY   (Russian Federation)

^c NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SURFACE/ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION;

EID: 0031399752     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2154:ASAIUF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Aizenshtadt, B. A., T. A. Ogneva, and I. S. Borushko, 1953: Influence of irrigation on the distribution of meteorological elements in the near-surface layer (in Russian). Trans. Main Geophys. Observatory, 39, 61-90.
2. Aman'ev, I. P., 1982: Heat balance of taiga geosystems in western Siberia (in Russian). Mater. Meteor. Nablyudenii, 5, 92-111.
3. Avery, Ch. C., L. R. Dexter, R. R. Wier, W. G. Delinger, A. Tecle, and R. J. Becker, 1992: Where has all the snow gone? Snow-pack sublimation in northern Arizona. Proc. 60th Western Snow Conf., Jackson Hole, WY, 84-93.
4. Beljaars, A. C. M., and A. A. Holtslag, 1991: On flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 327-340.
5. _, and P. Viterbo, 1994: The sensitivity of winter evaporation to the formulation of aerodynamic resistance in the ECMWF model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 71, 135-149.
6. _, and F. C. Bosveld, 1997: Cabauw data for the validation of land surface parameterization schemes. J. Climate, 10, 1172-1193.
7. Bengtsson, L., 1980: Evaporation from a snow cover: Review and discussion of measurements. Nordic Hydrol., 11, 221-234.
8. Berlyand, M. E., 1982: Moderne Problemen der Atmospharishe Diffusion und der Verschmutzung der Atmosphere. Academie-Verlag, 415 pp.
9. _, and E. L. Genikhovich, 1973: Some features of turbulent diffusion and air pollution in the stratified conditions. Proc. Int. Symp. on Stratified Flows, Novosibirsk, Russia, Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 125-144.
10. Betts, A. K., and J. H. Ball, 1995: The FIFE surface diurnal cycle climate. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25 679-25 693.
11. _, _, and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1993: Comparison between the land surface response of the ECMWF model and the FIFE-1987 data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 975-1001.
12. Budyko, M. I., 1948: Evaporation under Natural Conditions (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 136 pp.
13. _, 1956: The Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 255 pp.
14. _, 1974: Climate and Life. Academic Press, 508 pp.
15. Cooper, H. J., E. A. Smith, and W. L. Crosson, 1995: Limitations in estimating surface sensible heat fluxes from surface and satellite radiometric skin temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25 419-25 427.
16. Darnell, W. L., W. F. Staylor, S. K. Gupta, N. A. Ritchey, and A. C. Wilber, 1992: Seasonal variations of surface radiation budget derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project C1 data. J. Geophys. Res., 97(D14), 15 741-15 760.
17. Deardorf, J. W., 1974: Three-dimensional numerical study of the height and mean structure of a heated planetary boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 7, 81-106.
18. Driedonks, A. G. M., H. van Dop, and W. H. Kohsiek, 1978: Meteorological observations on the 213 m mast at Cabauw in the Netherlands. Preprints, Fourth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 41-46.
19. Dubov, A. S., L. P. Bykova, and S. V. Marunich, 1978: Turbulence in Vegetation Canopy (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 180 pp.
20. Dyer, A. J., and B. B. Hicks, 1970: Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 715-721.
21. ECMWF, 1995: The description of the ECMWF/WCRP level III - A Global Atmospheric Data Archive. [Available from ECMWF Operations Department, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RGE 9AX, United Kingdom.]
22. Fedorov, S. F., 1977: Studying the Components of Water Balance in the Forest Zone of the European Part of the USSR (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 264 pp.
23. Fitzjarrald, D. R., and K. E. Moore, 1994: Growing season boundary layer climate and surface exchanges in a subarctic lichen woodland. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1899-1917.
24. Foken, T., and S. Oncley, 1995: Workshop on instrumental and methodological problems of land surface flux observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1191-1193.
25. Forrer, J., and M. Rotach, 1994: Comparison between measured and calculated turbulent fluxes. Gronlands Geologiske Untersogelse Open File Series, 94/13, 36-39.
26. Friedl, M. A., 1995: Modeling land surface fluxes using a sparse canopy model and radiometric surface temperature measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25 435-25 446.
27. Garratt, J. R., 1978: Transfer characteristics for a heterogeneous surface of large aerodynamic roughness. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 491-502.
28. Genikhovich, E. L., and G. I. Osipova, 1984: Determination of the exchange coefficient using data of routine meteorological observations (in Russian). Trans. Main Geophys. Observatory, 479, 62-69.
29. Gol'tzberg, I. A., 1969: Microclimate of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 236 pp.
30. Gorodetsky, O. A., Ed., 1970: Observations at the USSR Meteorological Network. Definitions of Meteorological Elements and Estimates of the Accuracy of their Observations (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 89 pp.
31. Groisman, P. Ya., and P.-M. Zhai, 1995: Climate variability under clear skies: Applications for the cloud and snow cover feedback problems. Proc. Sixth Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Galway, Ireland, All-Ireland Committee on Statistics and Amer. Meteor. Soc., 605-608.
32. _, _, and E. L. Genikhovich, 1995: Cloud and snow cover effects on the surface-atmosphere interactions. Extended Abstracts, Papers Presented at the Joint Meeting of the Canadian Geophysical Union-Hydrology Section (CGU-HS) and International GEWEX Workshop on Cold-Season/Region Hydrometeorology, Banff, AB, Canada, Canadian Geophys. Union and Amer. Geophys. Union, 208-212.
33. _, R. S. Bradley, and E. L. Genikhovich, 1996: Climate sensitivity to cloud and snow cover variations: Comparison of global climate models with empirical data. Preprints, Second Int. Scientific Conf. on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, Washington, DC, GEWEX Project of the World Climate Research Programme, 523-524.
34. _, E. L. Genikhovich, R. S. Bradley, and B. M. Ilyin, 1997: Assessing surface-atmosphere interactions using former Soviet Union standard meteorological network data. Part II: Cloud and snow cover effects. J. Climate, 10, 2184-2199.
35. Gutman, G., and A. Ignatov, 1996: The use of satellite-derived green vegetation amount in modeling surface fluxes. Preprints, Second Int. Scientific Conf. on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, Washington, DC, GEWEX Project of the World Climate Research Programme, 447-448.
36. _, D. Tarpley, A. Ignatov, and S. Olson, 1995: The enhanced NOAA global land data set from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1141-1156.
37. Hall, F. G., and P. J. Sellers, 1995: First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) in 1995. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25 383-25 395.
38. ISCCP, 1992: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. World Climate Research Program CD-ROM: Monthly Cloud Products, July 1983-December 1990, NASA, CD-ROM.
39. Kanemasu, E. T., and Coauthors, 1992: Surface flux measurements in FIFE: An overview. J. Geophys. Res., 97(D17), 18 547-18 555.
40. Kazansky, A. B., and A. S. Monin, 1962: Evaluation of the turbulent momentum-, sensible heat-, and latent heat fluxes using data of profile measurements. Sov. Meteor. Hydrol., No. 12, 3-8.
41. Konstantinov, A. R., and S. F. Fedorov, 1960: Experience of the use of gradient masts for derivation of evaporation and sensible heat flux in the forest (in Russian). Trans. State Hydrol. Inst., 81, 91-114.
42. Krenke, A. N., and A. N. Zolotokrylin, 1984: Investigation of the role of types of vegetation in the interaction between the underlying surface and the atmosphere. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 20, 923-928.
43. Kustas, W. P., R. D. Jackson, and G. Asrar, 1989: Estimating surface energy balance components from remotely sensed data. Theory and Applications of Optical Remote Sensing, John Wiley and Sons, 604-627.
44. Kuz'min, P. P., 1974: About calculated and experimental methods of evaluation of evaporation from snow cover (in Russian). Trans. ZakNIIGMI, 58, 25-43.
45. Legotina, S. I., and L. R. Orlenko, 1973: Surface heat balance during the field experiment CENEX-71 (in Russian). Trans. Main Geophys. Observatory, 296, 46-56.
46. Mahrt, L., 1987: Grid-averaged surface fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1550-1560.
47. Main Geophysical Observatory 1977: Instructions on Heat Balance Observations (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 149 pp.
48. _ 1979: Open files of Tsimlyansk Field Survey in Year 1976 (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 87 pp.
49. Marunich, S. V., 1971: Characteristics of turbulence in forest conditions according to gradient and structure observations (in Russian). Trans. State Hydrol. Inst., 198, 154-165.
50. Meeson, B. W., F. E. Corprew, J. M. P. McManus, D. M. Myers, J. W. Closs, K.-J. Sun, D. J. Sunday, and P. J. Sellers, 1995: Global data sets for land-atmosphere models are now available. Earth Observer, 7, 22-25.
51. Mihailovic, D. T., B. Rajkovic, B. Lalic, and L. Decic, 1995: Schemes for parameterizing evaporation from non-plant-covered surface and their impact on partitioning the surface energy in land-air exchange parameterization. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2462-2475.
52. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic regularity in turbulence mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere (in Russian). Akad. Nauk SSSR Trud. Geofiz. Inst., 24, 163-187.
53. Morris, E. M., 1989: Turbulent transfer over snow and ice. J. Hydrol., 105, 205-223.
54. Munro, D. S., 1989: Surface roughness and bulk heat transfer on a glacier: Comparison with eddy correlation. J. Glaciol., 35, 343-348.
55. Ohmura, A., and H. Gilgen, 1991: Global energy balance archive GEBA. The GEBA database, interactive applications, retrieving data. World Climate Program Water Project A7, Rep. 2, Zurcher Geographische Schriften Vol. 44, Geographische Institute, ETH, 60 pp.
56. Oke, T. R., 1978: Boundary Layer Climates. Methuen, 372 pp.
57. Orlenko, L. R., 1979: Structure of the Planetary Atmospheric Boundary Layer (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 270 pp.
58. Pruitt, W. O., D. L. Morgan, and F. J. Lourence, 1973: Momentum and mass transfer in the surface boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 370-386.
59. Ral'tsevich, N. D., 1970: Experience of the use of the MGO radiometer for the estimation of the mean ground surface temperature (in Russian). Trans. State Hydrol. Inst., 181, 167-173.
60. Rauner, Yu. L., 1972: Heat Balance of the Plant Cover (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 210 pp.
61. Razuvaev, V. N., E. B. Apasova, R. A. Martuganov, and D. P. Kaiser, 1995: Six- and three-hourly meteorological observations from 223 USSR stations. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, ORNL/ CDIAC-66, NDP-048, 68 pp. [Available from NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Sringfield, VA 22161.]
62. Rosenberg, N. J., B. L. Blad, and S. B. Verma, 1983: Microclimate. The Biological Environment. John Wiley & Sons, 495 pp.
63. Schulz, J., J. Meywerk, S. Ewald, and P. Schlissel, 1997. Evaluation of satellite-derived latent heat fluxes. J. Climate, in press.
64. Sellers, P. J., and F. G. Hall, 1992: FIFE in 1992: Results, scientific gains, and future research directions. J. Geophys. Res., 97(D17), 19 091-19 109.
65. _, _, G. Asrar, D. E. Strebel, and R. E. Murphy, 1992: An overview of the first International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE). J. Geophys. Res., 97(D17), 18 345-18 371.
66. _ and Coauthors, 1995: The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS): An overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1549-1577.
67. Shmakin, A. B., 1997: Method of parameterization of relief and hydrological cycle characteristics for large-scale climate models and calculations (in Russian). Mater. Meteor. Nablyudenii, 16, 25-52.
68. _, A. Yu, Mikhailov, and S. A. Bulanov, 1993: Parameterization scheme of land hydrology considering the orography at different spatial scales. Exchange Processes at the Land Surface for a Range of Space and Time Scales, IAHS Publ. 212, H.-J. Bolle, R. A. Feddema, and J. D. Kalma, Eds., IAHS, 569-575.
69. Shuttleworth, W. J., and Coauthors, 1984: Eddy correlation measurements of energy partition for Amazonian forest. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 1143-1162.
70. Smith, E. A., and Coauthors, 1992: Area-averaged surface fluxes and their time-space variability over the FIFE experimental domain. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17), 18 599-18 622.
71. State Committee of the USSR on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control, 1985: Handbook of Hydro-Meteorological Observations at Primary and Secondary Hydro-Meteorological Networks (in Russian). Vol. 3., Gidrometeoizdat, 300 pp.
72. State Hydrological Institute, 1976: Open files observations on evaporation from snow on the ground, 1963-1975 (in Russian). State Hydrological Institute, Leningrad, 146 pp.
73. Stewart, B., 1995: Turbulent surface fluxes derived from radiometric surface temperature of sparse prairie grass. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25 427-25 433.
74. Strebel, D. E., D. R. Landis, K. F. Huemmrich, and B. W. Meeson, 1994: Collected Data of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment, in Surface Observations and Non-Image Data Sets, Vol. 1, NASA GSFC, CD-ROM.
75. Stull, R. S., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
76. _, 1994: A convective transport theory for surface fluxes. J. Atmos. Phys., 51, 3-22.
77. Sun, J., and L. Mahrt, 1995: Determination of surface heat flux using surface radiative temperature. Preprints, 11th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 118-121.
78. Tseitin, G. Kh., 1977: On the calculations of surface heat fluxes (in Russian). Trans. Main Geophys. Observatory, 398, 69-77.
79. Tsvang, L. R., 1985: Atmospheric-turbulence research at the Tsimlyansk scientific station of the Institute of the Physics of the Atmosphere of the USSR Academy of Science. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 21, 261-267.
80. _ and Coauthors, 1973: A comparison of turbulence measurements by different instruments: Tsimlyansk field experiment 1970. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 3, 499-521.
81. _ and Coauthors, 1985: International turbulence comparison experiment (ITCE-81). Bound.-Layer Meteor., 31, 325-348.
82. _, A. K. Aliguseynov, V. G. Perepelkin, M. A. Shlev, M. E. Meyel'der, and Ya. Zeleny, 1987: Experiment on the closure of the heat balance in the surface layer of the atmosphere and at the earth's surface. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 23, 1-8.
83. UNESCO, 1978: World Water Balance and Water Resources of the Earth. UNESCO, 663 pp. + appendices.
84. Whitlock, C. H., and Coauthors, 1995: First global WCRP shortwave surface radiation budget dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 905-922.
85. Xue, Y. K., H. G. Bastable, P. A. Dirmeyer, and P. J. Sellers, 1996: Sensitivity of simulated surface fluxes to changes in land surface parameterization - A study using ABRACOS data. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 386-400.
86. Yamamoto, R., and Ch.-M. Guo, 1995: Objective of HEIFE. Proc. Int. Symp. on HEIFE, Kyoto, Japan, Disaster Prevention Res. Inst., Kyoto University and Lanzhow Inst. of Plateau Atmos. Phys., CAS, 1-5.
87. Zhalmukhamedova, Zh. D., Z. M. Utina, and O. B. Shklyarevich, Eds., 1988: Microclimate of the Rice Field (in Russian). Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, 170 pp.
88. Zilitinkevich, S. S., 1970: Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 290 pp.
89. _ and D. V. Chalikov, 1968: The use of profile observations to calculate vertical turbulent heat fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 4, 523-531.
90. Zolotokrylin, A. N., 1993: On mapping of heat balance of the land surface according to experimental data (in Russian). Meteor. Studies, 29, 7-18.
91. _, and N. N. Samarina, 1993: Antropegenic changes of the heat balance of the forest-steppe zone (in Russian). Meteor. Studies, 29, 101-110.
92. Zubenok, L. I., 1947: On the question of measuring the soil surface temperature (in Russian). Trans. Main Geophys. Observatory, 6, 71-74.
93. Zubkovskiy, S. L., V. P. Kukharets, and L. R. Tsvang, 1979: Vertical profiles of turbulent characteristics in the surface and boundary layers of the atmosphere for unstable stratifications. Izv. Atmos. Ocean Phys., 15, 27-32.