Retention versus export food chains: Processes controlling sinking loss from marine pelagic systems

Hydrobiologia

Volumn 363, Issue , 1997, Pages 29-57

  Wassmànn, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

Export and retention food chains; Global carbon flux; Top down regulation; Vertical flux; Zooplankton

Indexed keywords

FOOD WEB; PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER; PELAGIC-BENTHIC COUPLING; VERTICAL FLUX;

ALGAE;

EID: 0031399167     PISSN: 00188158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1003113403096     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (111)

1. Aksnes, D. L., J. Aure, S. Kaartvedt, T. Magnesen £J. Richard, 1989. Significance of advection for the carrying capacities of fjord populations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Scr. 50:263-274.
2. Aksnes, D. L. & P. Wassmann, 1993. Modelling the significance of Zooplankton grazing for export production. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 978-985
3. Alldredge, A. & G. A. Jackson, 1995. Aggregation in marine systems. Deep-Sea Res. 42: 1-273.
4. Alldredge, A. L. & M. W. Silver, 1988. Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow. Prog. Oceanogr. 20: 41-82.
5. Arashkevitch, E. G., A. V. Drits, T. N. Semenova & V. P. Shevchenko, 1994. Contents, production and sinking rate of faecal pellets of salps and pyrosomas in the south-western part of the Atlantic ocean. Russian J. aquat. Ecol, 3: 143-153.
6. Andreassen, I., E.-M. Nothig & P. Wassmann, 1996. Sedimentation of paniculate matter on the shelf of northern Spitzbergen. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 137: 215-228.
7. Andreassen, I. J. & P. Wassmann, 1998. Vertical flux of biogenic matter in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea in May. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. (in press).
8. Angel, M. V., 1984. Dctrital organic fluxes through pelagic ecosystems. In M. J. R. Fasham (eds), Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems: 475-516.
9. Asper, V. L., W. G. Deuser, G. A. Knauer & S. E. Lohrenz, 1992. Rapid coupling of sinking particle fluxes between surface and deep ocean waters. Nature 357: 670-672.
10. Azam F, T. Fenchel, J. G. Field, J. S. Gray, L. A. Meyer-Reil & F. Thingstad, 1983. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10: 257-263.
11. Bacastow, R. & E. Maier-Reimer, 1991. Dissolved organic carbon in modelling the oceanic new production. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 5: 71-85.
12. Banse, K., 1994. Grazing and Zooplankton production as key controls of phytoplankton production in the upper ocean. Oceanography 7: 13-20.
13. Banse, K., 1995. Zooplankton: Pivotal role in the control of ocean production. ICES J. mar. Sei. 52:265-277.
14. Bathmann, U., 1988. Mass occurrence of Salpa fusiformis in the spring of 1984 off Ireland: implication for sedimentation processes. Mar. Biol. 97: 127-135.
15. Bathmann, U., T. Noji & B. von Bodungen, 1990b. Copepod grazing potential in late winter in the Norwegian Sea - a factor in the control of spring phytoplankton growth? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 60: 225-233.
16. Bathmann, U., R. Peinert & B. von Bodungen, 1990a. Pelagic origin and fate of sedimenting particles in the Norwegian Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 24: 117-125.
17. Berger, W., V. Smetacek & G. Wefer, 1989. Ocean productivity and paleoproductivity. In W. Berger, V. Smetacek, & G. Wefer (eds), Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past, John Wiley & Sons, New York: 1-34.
18. Betzer, P. R., W. J. Showers, E. D. Laws, C. D. Winn, G. R. DiTuIIio & P. M. Kroopnick, 1984. Primary productivity and particle fluxes on a transect of the equator at 153°\V in the Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 31: 1-11.
19. Bloesch, J., 1996. Towards a new regeneration of sediment traps and a better measurement/understanding of settling particle flux in lakes and oceans: A hydrodynamical protocol. Aquat. Sei.: 58: 283-296.
20. Bedungen, B. von, 1986. Phytoplankton growth and krill grazing during spring in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Implications for sediment trap collections. Polar Biol. 6: 153-160.
21. Bedungen, B. von, A. Antia, E. Bauerfeind, O. Haupt, I. Peeken, R. Peinert, S. Reitmeier, C. Thomsen, M. Voss, M. Wunsch, U. Zeller & B. Zeitzschel, 1995. Pelagic processes and vertical flux of particles: an overview over a long-term comparative study in the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea. Geologische Rundschau 84: 28-48.
22. Bedungen B. von, G. Fischer, E.-M. Nöthig & G. Wefer, 1987. Sedimentation of krill faeces during spring development of phytoplankton in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. SCOPE/UNEP 62: 243-257.
23. Burkill, P. H., E. S. Edwards, A. W. G. John & M. A. Sleigh, 1993. Micro-zooplankton and their herbivorous activity in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 40:479-494.
24. Carson, C. A., H. W. Ducklow & A. F. Michael, 1994. Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon form the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature 371: 40508.
25. Dagg, M.v'l 993. Grazing by the copepod community does not control phytoplankton production in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 32: 163-183.
26. Dam, H. G., M. R. Roman & M. I. Youngbluth, 1995. Downward export of respiratory carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen by diel-migrating mesozooplankton at the JGOFS Bermuda timeseries station. Deep Sea Res. 42: 1187-1197.
27. Davies, J. M. & R. Payne, 1984. Supply of organic matter to the sediment in the northern North Sea during a spring phytoplankton bloom. Mar. Biol. 78: 315-324.
28. Deuser W. G., E. H. Ross & R. F. Anderson, 1981. Seasonality in the supply of sediment to the deep Sargasso Sea and implications for the rapid transfer of matter to the deep ocean. Deep Sea Res. 28: 495-505.
29. Drenner, R. W., S. T. Threlkeld, J. D. Smith, J. R. Mummert & P. A. Cantrall, 1989. Interdependence of phosphorous, fish and site effects on phytoplankton biomass and Zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 1315-1321.
30. Dugdale R. C. & J. J. Goering, 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12: 196-206.
31. Dugdale, R. C., F. P. Wilkerson & H. J. Minas, 1995. The role of a silicate pump in driving new production. Deep Sea Res. 42: 697-719.
32. Egge, J. K., 1993. Nutrient control of phytoplankton growth: Effects of macro nutrient composition (N, P, Si) on species succession. Dr. Scient, thesis, Univ. Bergen, 104 pp.
33. Elser, J. J., D. K. Foster & R. E. Hecky, 1995. Effects of Zooplankton on sedimentation in pelagic ecosystems: Theory and test in two lakes of the Canadian shield. Biogeochemistry 30: 143-170.
34. Eppley, R. & B. J. Peterson, 1979. Paniculate organic flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature 282: 677680.
35. Fischer, G., D. Fiitlercr, R. Gersonde, S. Honjo, D. Ostermann & G. Wefer, 1988. Seasonal variability of particle flux in the Weddell Sea and its relationship to ice cover. Nature 335: 426-428.
36. Fransz, H. G. & W. W. C. Gieskes, 1984. The unbalance of phytoplankton and copepods in the North Sea. Rapp. P.-v. Rcun. Cons, int. Explor. Mer 183: 218-225.
37. Frost, 1991. The role of grazing in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1616-1630.
38. Gifford, D. J L. M. Fessenden, P. G. R. Garrahan & E. Martin, 1996. Grazing by microzooplankton and mesozooplankton in the highlatitude North Atlantic Ocean: Spring versus summer dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 6665-6675.
39. Gonzalez H. & V. Smetacek, 1994. The possible role of the cyclopoide copepod Oithona in retarding vertical flux of the zooplankton faecal material. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 113: 233-246.
40. Graf, G., 1992. Pelagic-benthic coupling: abenthic perspective. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 30: 149-190.
41. Hansen, L., 1997. Suspenderte og sedimenterte fekalier längs et transekt over Nordvestbanken, Nord-Norge, i 1994. Cand. Scient, thesis, University of Troms0, Norway (in Norwegian).
42. Hargrave, B. T., G. C. Harding, K. F. Drinkwater, T. C. Lambert & \V. G. Harrison, 1985. Dynamics of the pelagic food web in St. Georges Bay, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Mar. Ecol. Prog. ' Ser. 20:221-240.
43. Haupt, O., 1995. Modellstudien zum pelagischen Stoffumsatz und vertikalen Partickelflu in der Norwegensee. Ber. Sonderforschungsbcrcich 313, Univ. Kiel, 60: 1-140.
44. Hedges, J. I., W. A. Clarke & G. L. Cowie, 1988a. Organic matter sources to the water column and surficial sediments of a marine bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 1116-1136.
45. Hedges, J. I., W. A. Clarke & G. L. Cowie, 1988b. Fluxes and reactivities of organic matter in a coastal marine bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 1137-1152.
46. Heinrich, A. K., 1962. The life histories of plankton animals and seasonal cycles of plankton communities in the oceans. J. Cons, perm. int. Explor. Mer 27: 15-24.
47. Heiskanen, A.-S. & K. J. Kononen, 1994. Sedimentation of vernal and late summer phytoplankton communities in the coastal Baltic Sea. Arch. Hydrobiol. 131: 175-198.
48. Heiskanen, A.-S., T. Tamminen & K. Gundersen, 1996. The impact of planktonic food web structure on nutrient retention and loss from a late summer pelagic system in the coastal northern Baltic Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 145: 195-208.
49. Heussner, S., A. Monaco & S. W. Fowler, 1987. Characterisation and vertical transport of settling biogenic particles in the northwestern Mediterranean. In E. T. Degens, E. I. Izdar & S. Honjo (eds), Particle Flux in the Ocean, Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst., Univ. Hamburg, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderband 62: 127-147.
50. Hessen, D. O., J. P. Nilsen & T. O. Eriksen, 1986. Food size spectra and species replacement within herbivorous Zooplankton. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 71: 1-10.
51. Honjo, S., 1990. Particle fluxes and modern sedimentation in polar oceans. In W. O. Smith, (ed.), Polar Oceanography, Academic Press, New York: 687-739.
52. Ianora, A. & S. Poulet, 1993. Egg viability in the copepod Temara stylifem. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 1615-1626.
53. Ianora. A., S. Poulet & A. Miralto, 1995. A comparative study of the inhibitory effect of diatoms on the reproductive biology of the copepod Temora stylifera. Mar. Biol. 121: 533-539.
54. Iseki, K., 1981. Paniculate organic matter transport to the deep sea by salp faecal pellets. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5: 55-60.
55. Ittekot, V., P. Schäfer, S. Honjo & P. J. Depetris, 1996. Particle Flux in the Ocean. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 372 pp.
56. Iverson, R., 1991. Control offish production. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 1593-1604.
57. Jackson, G. A., 1993. Flux feeding as a mechanism for Zooplankton grazing and its implications for vertical particulate (lux. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 1328-1331.
58. Jonasdottir, S. H. & T. Ki0rboe, 1996. Copepod recruitment and food composition: do diatoms affect hatching success? Mar. Biol. 125: 743-750.
59. Karl, D. M., J. R. Christian, J. E. Dore, D. V. Hebel, R. M. Letelier, L. M. Tupas & C. D. Winn, 1996. Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux at station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Res. 43: 539-568.
60. Keller, A. A. & U. Riebesell, 1989. Phytoplankton carbon dynamics during a winter-spring diatom bloom in an enclosed marine ecosystem: primary production, biomass and loss rates. Mar. Biol. 103: 131-142.
61. Keck, A. & P. Wassmann, 1993. Pen sibirske kontinentalsokkel og Polhavet. II. Betydning for den globale karbonkrets!0p? Naturen 6: 264-272.
62. KiOrboe, T., 1993. Turbulence, phytoplankton cell size and the structure of pelagic food webs. Adv. mar. Biol. 29: 1-72.
63. Ki0rboe, T., 1996. Material fluxes in the water column. In B. B. J0rgensen & K. Richardson, (eds), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 52, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C.: 67-94.
64. Ki0rboe, H. & J.-L. Hansen, 1993. Phytoplankton aggregate formation: observations of patterns and mechanisms of cell sticking and the significance of exopolymeric material. J. Plankton Res. 15:993-1018.
65. Ki0rboe, T., C. Lundsgaard, M. Olesen & J. L. Hansen, 1994. Aggregation and sedimentation processes during a spring phytoplankton bloom: A field experiment to test coagulation theory. J. mar. Res. 52: 297-323.
66. Lalli, C. M. & T. R. Parson (1993). Biological Oceanography: An Introduction. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 301 pp.
67. Lampitt, R. S., T. Noji & B. von Bedungen, 1990. What happens to Zooplankton fecal pellets? Implications for material flux. Mar. Biol. 104: 15-23.
68. Langeland, A., 1990. Biomanipulation development in Norway. Hydrobiologia 200/201: 535-540.
69. Laws, E. A., P. K. Bienfang, A. D. Ziemann & L. D. Conquest, 1988. Phytoplankton population dynamics and the fate of production during the spring bloom in Auke Bay, Alaska. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33:57-65.
70. Lee, C. & S. Wakeham, 1991. Production, transport and alteration of particulate organic matter in sea water. In P. Wassmann, A.S. Heiskanen & O. Lindahl (eds). Sediment Trap Studies in the Nordic Countries 2. Proceedings. NurmiPrint OY, Nurmijärvi, 61-75.
71. Legendre, L., 1990. The significance of microalgal blooms for fisheries and for the export of particulate organic carbon in the ocean. J. Plankton Res. 12: 681-699.
72. Longhurst, A. R. & W. G. Harison, 1989. Vertical nitrogen flux from the oceanic photic zone by diel migrant Zooplankton and nekton. Deep Sea Res. 35:881-889.
73. Mazumder, A., D. J. McQueen, W. D. Taylor & D. R. S. Lean, 1988. Effects of fertilisation and planktivorous fish (yellow perch) prédation on size distribution of particulate phosphorus and assimilated phosphate: Large enclosure experiments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 421-430.
74. Noji, T. T., 1991. The influence of macrozooplankton on vertical particulate flux. Sarsia 76: 1-9.
75. Noji, T. T. & F. Rey, 1996. Old and new perspectives on Zooplankton and vertical particulate flux. ICES report cm 1996/0:10, 14 pp.
76. Nordby, E. & K. S. Tande, 1998. Zooplankton biomass distribution and plankton transport at Nordvestbanken. Sarsia (in prep).
77. Odate, T., 1994. Plankton abundance and size structure in the northern North Pacific Ocean in early summer. Fish. Oceanogr. 3: 267-278.
78. Olesen, M. & C. Lundsgaard, 1995. Seasonal sedimentation of autochthonous material from the euphotic zone of a coastal system. Estuar. coast. Shelf-Sci. 41:475190.
79. Pace, M. L., G. D. Knauer, D. M. Karl & J. H. Martin, 1987. Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nature 325: 803-804.
80. Passow, U., A. Alldredge & B. Logan, 1994. The role of participate carbohydrate exudates in the fiocculation of diatom blooms. Deep Sea Res. 41: 335-357.
81. Pedersen, G., 1995. Factors influencing the size and distribution of the copepod community in the Barents Sea with special emphasis on Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus). Dr Scient, thesis, University of Troms0, Norway.
82. Peinert, R., B. von Bedungen & V. Smetacek, 1989. Food web structure and loss rates. In W. Berger, V. Smetacek & G. Wefer (eds), Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past, John Wiley & Sons, New York: 34-48.
83. Peinert, R., A. Saure, P. Stegmann, C. Stienen, H. Haardt & V. Smetacek, 1982. Dynamics of primary production and sedimentation in a coastal ecosystem. Neth. J. Sea Res. 16:276-289.
84. Pilskaln C. H. & S. Honjo, 1987. The fecal pellet fraction of biogeochemical particle fluxes to the deep sea. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1:31-48.
85. Platt, T., W. G. Harrison, M. L. Lewis, W. K. W. Li, S. Sathyendranath, R. Smith & A. F. Vezina, 1988. Biological production and thé océans: thé case for a consensus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 52: 77-88.
86. Ratkova, T., I. Andreassen & P. Wassmann, 1998. Phytoplankton and protozoa abundance and biomass along a transect across the Nordvestbank, north Norwegian shelf, in 1994. Sarsia (in prep).
87. Reigstad, M. & P. Wassmann, 1995. The importance of advection for the pelagic-benthic coupling in north Norwegian fjords. Sarsia 80: 245-257.
88. Reinertsen, H. & Y. Olsen, 1984. Effects of fish elimination an the phytoplankton community of a eutrophic lake. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 22: 649-657.
89. Riebesell, U., M. Reigstad, P. Wassmann, U. Passow &T. Noji, 1995. On the trophic fate of Phaeocystis pouchetii. VI. Significance of Phaeocystis-derived mucus for vertical flux. Neth. J. Sea. Res. 33: 193-203.
90. Sasaki, H., H. Hattori & S. Nishizawa, 1988. Downward flux of particulate matter and vertical distribution of calanoid copepods in the Oyashio water in summer. Deep Sea Res. 35: 505-515.
91. Silver, M. W., C. H. Pilskaln & D. Steinberg, 1991. The biologists' view of sediment trap collections: problems of marine snow and living organisms. In P. Wassmann, A.-S. Heiskanen & O. Lindahl (eds). Sediment Trap Studies in the Nordic countries 2. Proceedings. NurmiPrint OY, Nurmijarvi: 76-93.
92. Sathyendranath, S. & T. Platt, 1993. Remote sensing of watercolumn primary production. In W. K. W. Li & S. Y. Maestrini (eds), Measurements of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scales. ICES Marine Science Symposia, Vol. 197: 236-243.
93. Skjoldal, H. R. & P. Wassmann, 1986. Sedimentation of particulate organic matter and silicium during spring and summer in Lindâspollene, western Norway. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 30:49-63.
94. Smetacek, V., B. von Bedungen, B. Knoppers, R. Peinert, F. Pollehne, P. Stegmann & B. Zeitzschel, 1984. Seasonal stages characterising the annual cycle of an inshore pelagic system. Rapp. P.-v. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 183: 126-135.
95. Staresinic, N., i. Farrington, R. B. Gagosian, C. H. Clifford & E. M. Hulburt, 1983. Downward transport of paniculate matter in the Peru coastal upwelling: Role of anchoveta, Engmulis ringens. In E. Suess & J. Thiede (eds), Coastal Upwelling, its Sediment Record. NATO Conference Series IV: 225-240.
96. Siècle, J., 1974. The Structure of Marine Ecosystems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
97. Sucss, E., 1980. Paniculate organic carbon flux in the oceans: surface productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature 288: 260-263.
98. Taguchi, S., 1982. Sedimentation of newly produced paniculate organic matter in a subtropical inlet, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sei. 14: 533-544.
99. Tande, K. S., 1991. Calamiin high latitudes. Polar. Res. 10: 389407.
100. Takahashi, K., 1986. Seasonal fluxes of pelagic diatoms in the subarctic Pacific 1982-1983. Deep Sea Res. 33: 1225-1251.
101. Thingstad, T. F., 1995. Feedback mechanisms between degradation and primary production in the pelagic environment. In M. Beran (ed.), Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere. Processes and prospects. NATO ASI Series, series I. Global environmental change, 33: 113-128.
102. Uye, S.-I., 1996. Induction of reproductive failure in the planktonic copepod Calanus pacific us by diatoms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Sen 133: 89-97.
103. Verity, P. & V. Smetacek, 1996. Organism life cycle, prédation and the structure of marine pelagic ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 130: 277-293.
104. Wassmann, P., 1990. Relationship between primary and export production in the boreal, coastal zone of the North Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:464-471.
105. Wassmann, P., 1991. Dynamics of primary production and sedimentation in shallow fjords and polls of western Norway. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. annu. Rev. 29: 87-154.
106. Wassmann, P., 1993. Regulation of vertical export of particulate organic matter from the euphotic zone by planktonic heterotrophs in eutrophicated aquatic environments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26: 636643.
107. Wassmann, P., I. Andreassen, M. Reigstad & D. Slagstad, 1996. Pelagic-benthic coupling in the Nordic Seas: The role of episodic events. P.S.Z.N. I: Mar. Ecol. 17:447-471.
108. Wassmann, P., J. K. Egge, M. Reigstad & D. L. Aksnes, 1997. Influence of dissolved silicate on vertical flux of particulate biogenic matter. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 33: 10-21.
109. Wassmann, P., I. Andreassen & F. Rey, 1998. Seasonal variation of nutrients and suspended biomass along a transect across the Nordvestbank, north Norwegian shelf, in 1994. Sarsia (in prep).
110. Wassmann, P., R. Peinert & V. Smetacek, 1991. Patterns of production and sedimentation in the boreal and polar Northeast Atlantic. Polar Research 10: 209-228.
111. Wassmann, P. & D. Slagstad, 1993. Seasonal and interannual dynamics of carbon flux in the Barents Sea: a model approach. Polar Res. 13: 363-372.