Spring prey use by double-crested cormorants on the Penobscot River, Maine, USA

Waterbirds

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 77-86

  Blackwell, Bradley F ^a,d   Krohn, William B ^a   Dube, Norman R ^b   Godin, Alfred J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

^b Maine Atlantic Salmon Authority   (United States)

^c U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Anadromous; Atlantic salmon smolts; Dams; Diet; Double crested Cormorants; Phalacrocorax auritus; Salmo salar

Indexed keywords

AVES; PHALACROCORACIDAE; PHALACROCORAX AURITUS; SALMO SALAR;

ATLANTIC SALMON; DIET; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT; SMOLT; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

USA, MAINE, PENOBSCOT RIVER;

EID: 0031398937     PISSN: 07386028     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1521766     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Ashmole, N. P. and M. J. Ashmole. 1967. Comparative feeding ecology of seabirds of a tropical oceanic island. Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University Bulletin 24.
2. Baum, E. T. 1983. The Penobscot River: an Atlantic salmon river management report by the Maine Atlantic Sea-run Salmon Commission, Augusta.
3. Blackwell, B. F. 1996. Ecology of Double-crested Cormorants using the Penobscot River and Bay, Maine. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maine, Orono.
4. Blackwell, B. F. and W. B. Krohn. 1997. Spring foraging distribution and habitat selection by Double-crested Cormorants on the Penobscot River, Maine. Colonial Waterbirds 20: 66-76.
5. Blackwell, B. F. and J. A. Sinclair. 1995. Evidence of secondary consumption of fishes by Double-crested Cormorants. Marine Ecology Progress Series 123: 1-4.
6. Blackwell, B. F., W. B. Krohn and R. B. Allen. 1995. Foods of nestling Double-crested Cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: temporal and spatial comparisons. Colonial Waterbirds 18: 199-208.
7. Brodeur, R. D. 1979. Guide to otoliths of some Northwest Atlantic fishes. Report of National Marine Fisheries Service, NE. Fisheries Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Laboratory Reference No.79-36.
8. Conover, W.J. 1980. Practical nonparametric statistics, 2nd ed.John Wiley and Sons, New York.
9. Gosner, K. L. 1978. Atlantic seashore: from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. The Peterson field guide series. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts.
10. Harrison, C. S., T. S. Hida and M. P. Seki. 1983. Hawaiian seabird feeding ecology. Wildlife Monographs 85: 1-71.
11. Hockett, K. S. 1994. The effects of cover and a model kingfisher on the anti-avian predator response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). M.Sc. thesis, University of Maine, Orono.
12. Hvidsten, N. A. and L. P. Hansen. 1988. Increased recapture rate of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocked as smolts at high water discharge. Journal of Fish Biology 32: 153-154.
13. Hvidsten, N. A. and B. O.Johnsen. 1993. Increased recapture of adult Atlantic salmon released as smolts into large schools of wild smolts in the River Orkla, Norway. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13: 272-276.
14. Lewis, H. F. 1929. The natural history of the Doublecrested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus auritus L.). Ru-Mi-Lou Books, Ottawa, Ontario.
15. Mendall, H. L. 1936. The home-life and economic status of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus auritus L). The Maine Bulletin, University of Maine, Orono No. 39: 1-159.
16. Mesa, M. G., T. P. Poe, D. M. Gadomski and J. H. Petersen. 1994. Are all prey created equal? A review and sunthesis of differential predation on prey in substandard condition. Journal of Fish Biology 45 (Supplement A): 81-96.
17. Milton, R., P.J. Austin-Smith and G. E. Dickie. 1988. An examination of the diet of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) foraging in coastal and inland waters. Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forests, Wildlife Division, Kentville, Nova Scotia.
18. Milton, R., P.J. Austin-Smith and G.J. Farmer. 1995. Shouting at shags: a case study of cormorant management in Nova Scotia Pages 91-98 in The Doublecrested Cormorant: biology, conservation and management (D. N. Nettleship and D. C. Duffy, Eds.). Colonial Waterbirds 18 (Special Publication 1).
19. Moring,J. R. 1987. Restoration of Atlantic salmon to Maine: overcoming physical and biological problems in the estuary. Pages 3129-3140 in Proceedings of Ocean Zone 1987, the fifth symposium on coastal and ocean management (O. T. Magoon, H. Converse, D. Miner, L. T. Tobin, D. Clark and G. Domurat, Eds.). American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
20. Moring,J. R.,J. Marancik and F. Griffiths. 1995. Changes in stocking strategies for Atlantic salmon restoration and rehabilitation in Maine, 1871-1993. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15: 38-46.
21. National Marine Fisheries Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Endangered and threatened species; proposed threatened status for a distinct population of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 7 Maine rivers. Federal Register 60: 50530-50539.
22. Page, L. M. and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts.
23. Pilon, C., J. Burton and R. McNeil. 1983. Summer food of the Great and Double-crested Cormorants on the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 2733-2739.
24. Raymond, H. L. 1979. Effects of dams and impoundments on migrations of juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead from the Snake River, 1966 to 1975. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 108: 505-529.
25. Richner, H. 1995. Wintering cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo in the Ythan Estuary, Scotland: numerical and behavioral responses to fluctuating prey availability. Ardea 83: 193-198.
26. Robertson, I. 1974. The food of nesting Double-crested and Pelagic Cormorants at Mandarte Island, British Columbia, with notes on feeding ecology. Condor 76: 346-348.
27. Robins, C. R., G. C. Ray and J. Douglas. 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes: North America. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts.
28. Scattergood, L. W. 1950. Observations on the food habits of the Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus auritus. Auk 67: 506-508.
29. Scott, W. B. and M. G. Scott. 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 210, University of Toronto Press, Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Canadian Government Publishing Center, Canada.
30. Warke, G. M. A. and K. R. Day. 1995. Changes in abundance of cyprinid and percid prey affect rate of predation by cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo on salmon Salmo salar smolts in Northern Ireland. Ardea 83: 157-166.