The contribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enhancement to a sustainable resource

ICES Journal of Marine Science

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1177-1187

  Ritter, J A ^a  

^a FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atlantic salmon; Benefits; Enhancement; Hatcheries; Management; Risks; Salmo salar

Indexed keywords

FISHERY MANAGEMENT; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE;

SALMO SALAR;

EID: 0031398064     PISSN: 10543139     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3139(97)80025-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (46)

1. Altukhov, Y. P. and Salmenkova, E. A. 1991. The genetic structure of salmonid populations. Aquaculture, 98: 11-40.
2. Anon. 1986. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans Policy for the management of fish habitat. Publication of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada. 28 pp.
3. Anon. 1992. North American Commission protocols for the introduction and transfer of salmonids. Ed. by T. Rex Porter. NASCO, Edinburgh, UK. NAC (92)24. 119 pp.
4. Anon. 1994. Resolution by the Parties to the Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean to minimise impacts from salmon aquaculture on the wild salmon stocks. Annual Report of North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, 1994, NASCO, Edinburgh, UK. CNL(94)53, Annex 21: 181-188.
5. Amiro, P. G. and Jefferson, E. M. 1997. Status of Atlantic salmon in Salmon Fishing Area 21, 1996, with emphasis on the upper LaHave River, Lunenburg Co., Nova Scotia. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document 97. (In press.)
6. Baum, E. T. 1994. Evolution of the Atlantic salmon restoration program in Maine. In A hard look at some tough issues, pp. 36-41. Ed. by Silvio Calabi and Andrew Stout. New England Salmon Association, A Silver Quill Book - Camden, Maine. 371 pp.
7. Baum, E. T., King, T., and Marancik, J. 1996. Utilization of wild Atlantic salmon parr as captive broodstock in USA restoration programmes. ICES CM 1996/T: 2. 14 pp.
8. Bourgeois, C. E., Murray, J., and Mercer, V. 1997. Status of the Exploits River stock of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in 1996. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document 97. (In press.)
9. Davidson, K. and Bielak, A. T. 1993. New enhancement strategies in action. In Salmon in the sea and new enhancement strategies, pp. 299-320. Ed. by Derek Mills. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford. 424 pp.
10. Elson, P. F. 1957. Number of salmon needed to maintain stocks. Canadian Fish Culturist, VI: 19-23.
11. Elson, P. F. 1973. Genetic polymorphism in Northwest Miramichi salmon, in relation to season of river ascent and age at maturation and its implications for management of the stocks. ICNAF Research Document, 73/76: 6 pp.
12. Emlen, J. M. 1991. Heterosis and outbreeding depression: a multi-locus model and application to salmon production. Fisheries Research, 12: 187-212.
13. Eriksson, T. 1989. The effect of release time on the migratory behavior of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar): influence on annual time program. Behavior, 108 (1/2): 10-22.
14. Farmer, G. J. 1992. Some factors which influence the survival of hatchery Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts utilized for enhancement purposes. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1855. 19 pp.
15. Gray, R. W., Cameron, J. D., and Jefferson, E. M. J. 1989. The LaHave River: physiography and potential for Atlantic salmon production. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1710. 58 pp.
16. Hansen, L. P., Jonsson, B., and Anderson, R. 1989. Salmon ranching experiments in the River Imsa: Is homing dependent on sequential imprinting of the smolts? In Proceedings of the Salmonid Migration and Distribution Symposium, pp. 19-29. Ed. by E. Brannon and B. Jonsson. School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. NINA, Trondheim, Norway.
17. ICES. 1994. Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment, 1994, Annex 3. ICES Cooperative Research Report, No. 204, 122 pp.
18. ICES. 1996. Report of the Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon. ICES CM 1996/Assess: 11. 228 pp.
19. Kändler, R. 1958. Ergebnisse schwedischer Lachsmarkierungen in der Ostsee nach Wiederfangen deutscher Fischer. Fischereiblatt (5): 72-79.
20. Karlsson, L. and Karlstrom, O. 1994. The Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.): its history, present situation and future. Dana, 10: 61-85.
21. Larsson, P.-O. 1977. The importance of time and place of release of salmon and sea trout on the results of stocking. ICES CM 1977/M: 42. 10 pp.
22. Lindroth, A. 1984. The Swedish salmon smolt releases in the Baltic. Special Publication for the Swedish State Salmon Board, Norstedts Tryckeri, Stockholm. 48 pp.
23. Marshall, T. L., Jones, R., and Pettigrew, T. 1997. Status of the Atlantic salmon stocks of southwestern New Brunswick, 1996. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document 97. (In press.)
24. Meister, A. L. 1984. The marine migration of tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of USA origin. ICES CM 1984/M: 27. 37 pp.
25. Meyers, T. F. 1994. The program to restore Atlantic salmon to the Connecticut River. In A hard look at some tough issues, pp. 11-21. Ed. by Silvio Calabi and Andrew Stout. New England Salmon Association, A Silver Quill Book - Camden, Maine. 371 pp.
26. Mullins, C. C. and Jones, R. A. 1992. The status of Atlantic salmon in western Newfoundland and southern Labrador, 1991. Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee, Research Document 92/78. 64 pp.
27. O'Connell, M. F., Davis, D. C., and Scott, D. C. 1983. An assessment of the stocking of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry in the tributaries of the Middle Exploits River, Newfoundland. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1225. 142 pp.
28. O'Connell, M. F., Reddin, D. G., and Mullins, C. C. 1996. Status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in eight rivers in the Newfoundland Region, 1995. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Atlantic Fisheries Research Document 96/106. 52 pp.
29. O'Neil, S. F., Harvie, C. J., and Longard, D. A. 1997. Stock status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia, Salmon Fishing Area 20, in 1996. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document 97. (In press.)
30. Pepper, V. A., Oliver, N. P., and Blundon, R. 1985. Evaluation of an experiment in lacustrine rearing of juvenile anadromous Atlantic salmon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 5: 507-525.
31. Pippy, J. 1982. Report of the Working Group on the Interception of Mainland Salmon in Newfoundland. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1654. 196 pp.
32. Reddin, D. G. and Friedland, K. D. 1993. Marine environmental factors influencing the movement and survival of Atlantic salmon. In Salmon in the sea and new enhancement strategies, pp. 79-103. Ed. by Derek Mills. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford. 424 pp.
33. Riddell, B. E. 1993. Salmonid enhancement: lessons from the past and a role for the future. In Salmon in the sea and new enhancement strategies, pp. 338-355. Ed. by Derek Mills. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford. 424 pp.
34. Ritter, J. A. 1972. Salmon hatchery evaluation in the Maritime Provinces - results of smolt tagging in 1968. Resource Development Branch, Environment Canada, Progress Report No. 5. 18 pp.
35. Ritter, J. A. 1975. Lower ocean survival rates for hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks released in rivers other than their native streams. ICES CM 1975/M: 26. 10 pp.
36. Ritter, J. A. 1989. Marine migration and natural mortality of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 2041. 136 pp.
37. Ritter, J. A., Farmer, G. J., Misra, R. K., Goff, T. R., Bailey, J. K., and Baum, E. T. 1986. Parental influences and smolt size and sex ratio effects on sea age at first maturity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In Salmonid age at maturity, pp. 30-38. Ed. by D. J. Meerburg. Canadian Special Publication Series of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 89. 118 pp.
38. Ritter, J. A. and Marshall, T. L. 1992. Management of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) resource of the Saint John River, New Brunswick. In Fishery management: dealing with development in the watershed, pp. 205-218. Ed. by R. H. Stroud. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 13. 282 pp.
39. Ruggles, C. P. and Ritter, J. A. 1980. Review of North American smolt tagging to assess the Atlantic salmon fishery of West Greenland. Rapport et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 176: 82-92.
40. Saunders, R. L., Henderson, E. B., Glebe, B. D., and Loundenslager, E. J. 1983. Evidence of a major environmental component in determination of the grilse:larger salmon ratio in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 33: 107-118.
41. Stasko, A. B., Sutterlin, A. M., Rommel, S. A., and Elson, P. F. 1973. Migration-orientation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In Proceedings of the International Atlantic Salmon Symposium, St Andrews, New Brunswick, 1972, pp. 119-137. International Atlantic Salmon Foundation, Special Publication Series, No. 4.
42. Stolte, L. W. 1994. Atlantic salmon restoration in the Merrimack River basin. In A hard look at some tough issues, pp. 22-35. Ed. by Silvio Calabi and Andrew Stout. New England Salmon Association, A Silver Quill Book - Camden, Maine. 371 pp.
43. Swain, A. 1980. Tagging of salmon smolts in European rivers with special reference to recaptures off West Greenland in 1972 and earlier years. Rapport et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 176: 93-113.
44. Thorpe, J. E. 1988. Salmon enhancement: stock discreteness and choice of material for stocking. In Atlantic salmon: planning for the future, pp. 373-388. Ed. by D. Mills and D. Piggins. Croom Helm, London. 587 pp.
45. Watt, W. W. 1997. The Atlantic Region acid rain monitoring program in acidified Atlantic salmon rivers: trends and present status. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document 97. (In press.)
46. White, R. J. 1994. Hatchery versus wild salmon. In A hard look at some tough issues, pp. 90-115. Ed. by Silvio Calabi and Andrew Stout. New England Salmon Association, A Silver Quill Book - Camden, Maine. 371 pp.