Phosphorus dynamics in a lowland African rain forest: The influence of ectomycorrhizal trees

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 367-409

  Newbery, D Mcc ^a,c   Alexander, I J ^b   Rother, J A ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cameroon; Codominance; Decomposition; Guilds; Korup National Park; Litterfall; Mast fruiting; Microberlinia bisulcata; Nutrient cycling; Rain forest; Root layer; Seasonality; Semideciduousness; Tetraberlinia moreliana; Tropical legumes

Indexed keywords

MICROBERLINIA BISULCATA; TETRABERLINIA BIFOLIOLATA; TETRABERLINIA MORELIANA; MICROBERLINIA BISCULCATA;

ECTOMYCORRHIZAL TREE; NUTRIENT CYCLING; PHOSPHORUS; RAINFOREST;

CAMEROON, KORUP NATIONAL PARK;

EID: 0031397129     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0367:PDIALA]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Alexander, I. J. 1989a. Systematics and ecology of ectomycorrhizal legumes. Monographs in Systematic Botany of the Missouri Botanical Garden 29:607-624.
2. _. 1989b. Mycorrhizas in tropical forests. Pages 169-199 in J. Proctor, editor. Mineral nutrients in tropical forest and savanna ecosystems. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
3. Allen, S. E., H. M. Grimshaw, J. A. Parkinson, and C. Quarmby. 1989. Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Second edition. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
4. Anderson, J. M. and M. J. Swift. 1983. Decomposition in tropical forest. Pages 287-299 in S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick, editors. Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
5. Ashton, P. S., T. J. Givnish, and S. Appanah. 1988. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132:44-66.
6. Attiwill, P. M., and M. A. Adams. 1993. Nutrient cycling in forests. New Phytologist 124:561-582.
7. Bernhard, F. 1970. Étude de la litière et de sa contribution ou cycle des éléments minéraux en forêt ombrophile de Cote d'Ivoire. Oecologia Plantarum 5:247-266.
8. Bernhard-Reversat, F., C. Hättel, and G. Lemée. 1978. Structure and functioning of evergreen rain forest ecosystems of the Ivory Coast. Pages 557-574 in Tropical forest ecosystems. UNESCO/UNEP/FAO, Paris, France.
9. Bolan, N. S. 1991. A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil 134:189-207.
10. Brookes, P. C., D. S. Powlson, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1984. Phosphorus in soil microbial biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 16:169-175.
11. Cavelier, J. 1992. Fine-root biomass and soil properties in a semi-deciduous and a lower montane rain forest in Panama. Plant and Soil 142:187-201.
12. Chuyong, G. B. 1994. Nutrient cycling in ectomycorrhizal legume-dominated forest in Korup National Park, Cameroon. Dissertation. University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
13. Connell, J. H., and M. D. Lowman. 1989. Low-diversity tropical rain forests: some possible mechanisms for their existence. American Naturalist 134:88-119.
14. Cuevas, E., and E. Medina. 1986. Nutrient dynamics within amazonian forest ecosystems. I. Nutrient flux in fine litter fall and efficiency of utilization. Oecologia 68:466-472.
15. Dalal, R. C. 1977. Soil organic phosphorus. Advances in Agronomy 29:83-117.
16. Dighton, J. 1991. Acquisition of nutrients from organic resources by mycorrhizal autotrophic plants. Experientia 47: 362-369.
17. FAO. 1977. Guidelines for soil profile description. FAO, Rome, Italy.
18. 31P NMR spectroscopy and phosphorus adsorption experiments. Zeitschrift für Pflanzernährung und Bodenkultur 156:61-66.
19. Gabriel, K. R. 1962. Ante-dependence analysis of an ordered set of variables. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 33:201-212.
20. Gadgil, R. L., and P. D. Gadgil. 1975. Suppression of litter decomposition by mycorrhizal roots of Pinus radiata. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science 5:33-41.
21. Gartlan, J. S., D. M. Newbery, D. W. Thomas, and P. G. Waterman. 1986. The influence of topography and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Korup Forest Reserve, Cameroun. Vegetatio 65:131-148.
22. GENSTAT. 1987. Genstat 5 Reference Manual (Version 5.2 [1992]. Genstat Committee, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
23. _. 1992. Genstat 5 Procedure Library (Version 2[3]). Genstat Committee, NAG Ltd., Oxford, UK.
24. Gower, S. T. 1987. Relations between mineral nutrient availability and fine root biomass in two Costa Rican tropical wet forests: a hypothesis. Biotropica 19:171-175.
25. Green, J. J. 1992. Fine root dynamics in a Bornean rain forest. Dissertation, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
26. Greenhouse, S. W., and S. Geisser. 1959. On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika 24:95-112.
27. Griffiths, R. P., J. E. Baham, and B. A. Caldwell. 1994. Soil solution chemistry of ectomycorrhizal mats in forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26:331-337.
28. Griffiths, R. P., and B. A. Caldwell. 1992. Mycorrhizal mat communities in forest soils. Pages 98-105 in D. J. Read, D. H. Lewis, A. H. Fitter, and I. J. Alexander, editors. Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
29. Gumpertz, M. L., and C. Brownie. 1993. Repeated measures in randomized block and split-plot experiments. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 23:625-639.
30. Harley, J. L., and S. E. Smith. 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
31. Hart, T. B., J. A. Hart, and P. G. Murphy. 1989. Monodominant and species-rich forests of the humid tropics: causes for their co-occurrence. American Naturalist 133:613-633.
32. Hawkins, P., and M. Brunt. 1965. The soils and ecology of West Cameroon. FAO Report (to Government of Cameroon) Number 2083.
33. Hedley, M. J., and J. W. B. Stewart. 1982. Method to measure microbial phosphate in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14:377-385.
34. Hedley, M. J., J. W. B. Stewart, and B. S. Chauhan. 1982. Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Society of America Journal 46:970-976.
35. Hladik, A. 1978. Phenology of leaf production in rain forest of Gabon: distribution and composition of food for folivores. Pages 51-71 in G. G. Montgomery, editor. The ecology of arboreal folivores. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
36. Högberg, P. 1986. Soil nutrient availability, root symbioses and tree species composition in tropical Africa: a review. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2:359-372.
37. _. 1992. Root symbioses of trees in African dry tropical forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 3:393-400.
38. 15N abundance and foliar analysis. Journal of Ecology 83:217-224.
39. Hue, N. V., G. R. Craddock, and F. Adams. 1986. Effect of organic acids on aluminium toxicity in subsoils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50:28-34.
40. Hüttel, C. 1975. Root distribution and biomass in three Ivory Coast rain forest plots. Pages 123-130 in F. B. Golley and E. Medina, editors. Tropical ecological systems: trends in terrestrial and aquatic research. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
41. Janos, D. P. 1983. Tropical mycorrhizas, nutrient cycles and plant growth. Pages 327-345 in S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore, and A. C. Chadwick, editors. Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
42. _. 1987. VA mycorrhizas in humid tropical ecosystems. Pages 107-134 in G. R. Safir, editor. Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
43. John, D. M. 1973. Accumulation and decay of litter and net production of forest in tropical West Africa. Oikos 24:430-435.
44. Jordan, C. F. 1985. Nutrient cycling in tropical forest ecosystems. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA.
45. Jordan, C. F., and R. Herrera. 1981. Tropical rain forests: are nutrients really critical? American Naturalist 117:167-180.
46. Jordan, C. F., and C. Uhl. 1978. Biomass of a 'tierra firme' forest on the Amazon Basin. Oecologia Plantarum 13:387-400.
47. Klinge, H. 1973. Root mass estimation in lowland tropical tain forests of central Amazonia, Brazil. I Fine root masses of a pale yellow latosol and a giant humus podzol. Tropical Ecology 14:29-38.
48. Lavelle, P., E. Blanchart, A. Martin, S. Martin, A. Spain, F. Toutain, I. Barois, and R. Schaefer. 1993. A hierarchical model for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: application to soils of the humid tropics. Biotropica 25:130-150.
49. Lawson, G. W., K. O. Armstrong-Mensah, and J. B. Hall. 1970. A catena in tropical moist semi-deciduous forest near Kade, Ghana. Journal of Ecology 58:371-398.
50. Lee, K. E., and T. G. Wood. 1971. Termites and soils. Academic Press, London, UK.
51. Lee, S. S., and I. J. Alexander. 1996. The dynamics of ectomycorrhizal infection of Shorea leprosula seedlings in Malaysian rain forests. New Phytologist 132:297-305.
52. Letouzey, R. 1968. Étude Phytogéographique du Cameroun. P. LeChevalier, Paris, France.
53. Lodge, D. J. 1993. Nutrient cycling by fungi in wet tropical forests. Pages 37-57 in S. Isaac, J. C. Frankland, R. Watling, and A. J. S. Walley, editors. Aspects of tropical mycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
54. Lodge, D. J., and C. E. Asbury. 1988. Basidiomycetes reduce export of organic matter from forest slopes. Mycologia 80: 888-890.
55. Maisels, F., A. Gautier-Hion, and J.-P. Gautier. 1994. Diets of two sympatric colobines in Zaïre: more evidence of seed eating in forests on poor soils. International Journal of Primatology 15:681-701.
56. Malloch, D. W., K. A. Pirozynski, and P. H. Raven. 1980. Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (a review). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 77:2113-2118.
57. Marschner, H., and B. Dell. 1994. Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil 159:89-102.
58. Mead, R. 1988. The design of experiments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
59. Medina, E., and E. Cuevas. 1989. Patterns of nutrient accumulation and release in Amazonian forests of the upper Rio Negro basin. Pages 217-240 in J. Proctor, editor. Nutrients in tropical forest and savanna ecosystems. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
60. Melillo, J. M., and J. R. Gosz. 1983. Interactions of biogeochemical cycles in forest ecosystems. Pages 177-222 in B. Bolin and R. B. Cook, editors. The major biogeochemical cycles and their interactions. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
61. Moormann, F. R. 1981. Representative toposequences of soils in southern Nigeria, and their pedology. Pages 10-29 in D. J. Greenland, editor. Characterization of soils. Clarendon, Oxford, UK.
62. Moser, E. B., A. M. Saxton, and S. R. Pezeshki. 1990. Repeated measures analysis of variance: applications to tree research. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 20:524-535.
63. Neter, J. W., J. Wasserman, and M. H. Kutner. 1990. Applied linear statistical models. Third edition. Irwin, Homewood, Illinois, USA.
64. Newbery, D. M. 1991. Floristic variation within kerangas (heath) forest: re-evaluation of data from Sarawak and Brunei. Vegetatio 96:43-86.
65. Newbery, D. M., I. J. Alexander, D. W. Thomas, and J. S. Gartlan. 1988. Ectomycorrhizal rain-forest legumes and soil phosphorus in Korup National Park, Cameroon. New Phytologist 109:433-450.
66. Newbery, D. M., and J. S. Gartlan, 1996. A structural analysis of rain forest at Korup and Douala-Edea, Cameroon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh B 104B: 177-224.
67. Newbery, D. M., J. S. Gartlan, D. B. McKey, and P. G. Waterman. 1986. The influence of drainage and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Douala-Edea Forest Reserve, Cameroun. Vegetatio 65:149-162.
68. Oades, J. M., G. P. Gillman, and G. Uehara. 1989. Interactions of soil organic matter and variable-charge clays. Pages 69-95 in D. C. Coleman, J. M. Oades, and G. Uehara, editors. Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems. University of Hawaii Press; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
69. Olsen, J. S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 44: 322-331.
70. Orloci, L. 1975. Multivariate analysis in vegetation research. Junk, The Hague, The Netherlands.
71. Paul, E. A., and F. E. Clark. 1989. Soil microbiology and biochemistry. Academic Press, London, UK.
72. Proctor, J. 1984. Tropical forest litterfall II. The data set. Pages 83-113 in A. C. Chadwick and S. L. Sutton, editors. Tropical rain-forest: the Leeds Symposium. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds, UK.
73. Robertson, G. P., and T. Rosswall. 1986. Nitrogen in west Africa: the regional cycle. Ecological Monographs 56:43-72.
74. Rollet, B. Undated. L'architecture des forêts denses humides semperiventes de plaine. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France.
75. Sanyal, S. K., and S. K. D. DeDatta. 1991. Chemistry of phosphorus transformations in soil. Advances in Soil Science 16:1-120.
76. Silver, W. L. 1994. Is nutrient availability related to plant nutrient use in humid tropical forests? Oecologia 98:363-343.
77. Singer, R., and I. J. G Araujo. 1979. Litter decomposition and ectomycorrhiza in Amazonian forest. I. A comparison of litter decomposing and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in latosol-terra-firme rain forest and white podzol campinarana. Acta Amazonica 9:25-41.
78. Smeck, N. E. 1985. Phosphorus dynamics in soils and landscapes. Geoderma 36:185-199.
79. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. Third edition. W. H. Freeman, New York, New York, USA.
80. Songwe, N. C., F. E. Fasehun, and D. U. U. Okali. 1988. Litterfall and productivity in a tropical rain forest, Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4:25-37.
81. Stark, N., and C. F. Jordan. 1978. Nutrient retention by the root mat of an amazonian rain forest. Ecology 59:434-437.
82. Stark, N., and M. Spratt. 1977. Root biomass and nutrient storage in rain forest oxisols near San Carlos de Rio Negro. Tropical Ecology 18:1-9.
83. Swift, M. J., and J. M. Anderson. 1989. Decomposition. Pages 547-569 in H. Leith and M. J. A. Werger, editors. Tropical rain forests: biogeographical and ecological studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
84. Tate, K. R. 1984. The biological transformation of P in soil. Plant and Soil 76:245-256.
85. ter Braak, C. J. F. 1987. CANOCO - a FORTRAN programme for canonical community ordination by correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis. TNO Institute of Applied Computer Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
86. Tiessen, H. 1989. Methods for characterising soil phosphorus. Pages 113-126 in J. M. Anderson and J. S. I. Ingram, editors. Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, UK.
87. _. 1991. Characterization of soil phosphorus and its availability in different ecosystems. Trends in Soil Science 1:83-99.
88. Tiessen, H., Chacon, P., and E. Cuevas. 1994a. Phosphorus and nitrogen status in soils and vegetation along a toposequence of dystrophic rainforests on the upper Rio Negro. Oecologia 99:145-150.
89. Tiessen, H., E. Cuevas, and P. Chacon. 1994b. The role of soil organic matter in sustaining soil fertility. Nature 371: 783-785.
90. Tiessen, H., and J. O. Moir. 1993. Characterization of available phosphorus by sequential extraction. Pages 75-86 in M. R. Carter, editor. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Lewis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
91. Tiessen, H., J. W. B. Stewart, and C. V. Cole. 1984a. Pathways of phosphorus transformations in soils of differing pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48: 853-858.
92. Tiessen, H., J. W. B. Stewart, and H. W. Hunt. 1984b. Concepts of soil organic matter transformations in relation to organo-mineral particle size fractions. Plant and Soil 76: 287-295.
93. Tiessen, H., J. W. B. Stewart, and J. O. Moir. 1983. Changes in organic and inorganic phosphorus composition of two grassland soils and their particle size fractions during 60-90 years of cultivation. Journal of Soil Science 34:815-823.
94. Vitousek, P. M. 1982. Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. American Naturalist 119:553-572.
95. _. 1984. Litterfall, nutrient cycling, and nutrient limitation in tropical forests. Ecology 65:285-298.
96. Vitousek, P. M., and R. L. Sanford. 1986. Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17:137-167.
97. Walker, T. W., and J. K. Syers. 1976. The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis. Geoderma 15:1-19.
98. White, F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa. UNESCO, Paris, France
99. Winer, B. J., D. R. Brown, and K. M. Michels. 1991. Statistical principles in experimental design. Third edition. McGraw Hill, New York, New York, USA.
100. Wood, T. G., R. A. Johnson, S. Bacchus, M. O. Shittu, and J. M. Anderson. 1982. Abundance and distribution of termites (Isoptera) in a riparian forest in the Southern Guinea savanna vegetation zone of Nigeria. Biotropica 14:25-39.
101. Wood, T. G., and W. A. Sands. 1978. The role of termites in ecosystems. Pages 245-292 in M. V. Brian, editor. Production ecology of ants and termites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.