Welfare recipients' job skills and employment prospects

Future of Children

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 39-51

  Burtless, Gary T ^a  

^a BROOKINGS INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD WELFARE; EMPLOYABILITY; HUMAN; JOB FINDING; POLICY; POVERTY; REVIEW; SKILL; SOCIAL SECURITY; SOCIAL WELFARE;

EID: 0031396986     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1602576     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. U.S. House of Representatives, Ways and Means Committee. Overview of entitlement programs: 1994 green book. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994, pp. 401-402.
2. Maynard, R.A. Subsidized employment and non-labor market alternatives for welfare recipients. In The work alternative: Welfare reform and the realities of the job market. D.S. Nightingale and R.H. Haveman, eds. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1995, pp. 109-36.
3. Zill, N., Moore, K., and Stief, T. Welfare mothers as potential employees: A statistical profile based on national survey data. Washington, DC: Child Trends, 1991, p. 116.
4. Acs, G., and Loprest, P. The effect of disabilities on exits from AFDC. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1995, Tables 4 and 5.
5. See note no. 4, Acs and Loprest, Tables 3 and 6.
6. Edin, K., and Jencks, C. Welfare. In Rethinking social policy: Race, poverty, and the underclass. Jencks, C. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 204-35.
7. Pavetti, L. Who is affected by time limits? In Welfare reform: An analysis of the issues. I.V. Sawhill, ed. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1995, pp. 31-34.
8. Riccio, J., Friedlander, D., and Freedman, S. GAIN: Benefits, costs and three-year impacts of a welfare-to-work program. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, 1994, p. 18.
9. Friedlander, D., and Burtless, G. Five years after: The long-term effects of welfare-to-work programs. New York: Russell Sage, 1995, p. 88.
10. See note no. 8, Riccio, Friedlander, and Freedman, p. 122.
11. Wages are measured in constant 1993 dollars using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U-XI) deflator. For purposes of comparison, among all women between the ages of 18 and 22 in 1979, including both recipients and nonrecipients of AFDC, the median wage climbed fairly rapidly. It rose from $6.27 an hour in 1979 to $9.39 an hour in 1990, a wage gain of 4.5% or $0.28 per year.
12. Blank, R.M., Burtless, G., Dickens, W.T., et al. A primer on welfare reform. In Looking before we leap: Social science and welfare reform. R.K. Weaver and W.T. Dickens, eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1995, pp. 27-73.
13. Hartmann, H., and Spalter-Roth, R. The real employment opportunities of women participating in AFDC: What the market can provide. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research, October 1993.
14. See note no. 13, Hartmann and Spalter-Roth, p. 16, Table 3.
15. Doeringer, P.B., and Piore, M.J. Internal labor markets and manpower analysis. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1971.
16. The women are never-married, divorced, or separated mothers who live with unmarried own children who are under age 18.
17. For recent surveys see Levy, F., and Murnane, R.J. U.S. earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations. Journal of Economic Literature (September 1992) 30,3:1333-81; see also, Burtless, G. Rising wage inequality and the future of work in America. In Widening earnings inequality: Why and why now. J. Norwood, ed. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1994, pp. 7-40.
18. For recent surveys see Levy, F., and Murnane, R.J. U.S. earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations. Journal of Economic Literature (September 1992) 30,3:1333-81; see also, Burtless, G. Rising wage inequality and the future of work in America. In Widening earnings inequality: Why and why now. J. Norwood, ed. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1994, pp. 7-40.
19. Author's tabulations based on the responses of women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) who were between 18 and 22 years old in 1979.
20. Burtless, G. Employment prospects of welfare recipients. In The work alternative: Welfare reform and the realities of the job market. D.M. Nightingale and R.H. Haveman, eds. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1995, pp. 71-106; see also, Mead, L.M. The new politics of poverty: The nonworking poor in America. New York: Basic Books, 1992, pp. 85-109.
21. Burtless, G. Employment prospects of welfare recipients. In The work alternative: Welfare reform and the realities of the job market. D.M. Nightingale and R.H. Haveman, eds. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1995, pp. 71-106; see also, Mead, L.M. The new politics of poverty: The nonworking poor in America. New York: Basic Books, 1992, pp. 85-109.
22. Duleep, H.O., and Regets, M.C. Measuring immigrant wage growth using matched CPS files. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, April 1996; see also, Bureau of International Labor Affairs. Labor force, school enrollment, and educational attainment statistics for the foreign-born using the October 1994 CPS. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, May 1996.
23. Duleep, H.O., and Regets, M.C. Measuring immigrant wage growth using matched CPS files. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, April 1996; see also, Bureau of International Labor Affairs. Labor force, school enrollment, and educational attainment statistics for the foreign-born using the October 1994 CPS. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, May 1996.