The guarding reflex revisited

British Journal of Urology

Volumn 80, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 940-945

  Park, J M ^a,b   Bloom, D A ^a,b   McGuire, E J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLADDER SPHINCTER; HUMAN; MICTURITION REFLEX; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; URETHRA; URINARY TRACT FUNCTION;

EID: 0031396961     PISSN: 00071331     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1997.00488.x     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Abernathy J. Surgical Observations. Preface, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1809: iv
2. Shapin S. The Scientific Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996: 49
3. Barrington FJF. The nervous mechanism of micturition. Quart J Exp Physiol 1915; 8: 33-71
4. th edn., vol 2, WB Saunders Co, 1992: 573-642
5. Carry RC, Roberts TDM, Todd JK. Reflexes involving the external urethral sphincter in the cat. J Physiol 1959; 149: 653-65
6. McGuire EJ. Physiology of the lower urinary tract. Am J Kid Dis 1983; 2: 402-8
7. Blaivas JG. The neurophysiology of micturition: a clinical study of 550 patients. J Urol 1982; 127: 958-63
8. Bloom DA, Seeley WW, Ritchey ML, McGuire EJ. Toilet habits and continence in children: an opportunity sampling in search of normal parameters. J Urol 1993; 149: 1087-90
9. Zoubek J, Bloom DA, Sedman AB. Extraordinary urinary frequency. Pediatrics 1990; 85: 1112-4
10. De Groat WC. Anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract. Urol Clin N Am 1993; 20: 383-401
11. Siroky MB, Krane RJ. Neurologic aspects of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, with reference to the guarding reflex. J Urol 1982; 127: 953-7
12. McGuire EJ, Morrissey S, Zhang S, Horwinski E. Control of reflex detrusor activity in normal and spinal cord injured non-human primates. J Urol 1983; 129: 197-9
13. McGuire EJ. Idiopathic bladder instability. In Kursh ED, McGuire EJ eds, Female Urology, 1st edn. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co, 1994
14. Wise BG, Cardozo LD, Cutner A, Benness CJ, Burton G. Prevalence and significance of urethral instability in women with detrusor instability. Br J Urol 1993; 72: 26-9
15. Vereecken RL, Cornelissen M, Das J, Grisar P. Urethral and perineal instability. Urol Int 1985; 40: 325-30
16. Vereecken RL, Das J. Urethral instability: related to stress and/or urge incontinence? J Urol 1985; 134: 698-701
17. Mahony DT, Laferte RO, Blais DJ. Incontinence of urine due to instability of micturition reflexes. Part II. Pudendal nucleus instability. Urology 1980; 15: 379-88
18. Rudy DC. Awad SA, Downie JW. External sphincter dyssynergia: an abnormal continence reflex. J Urol 1988; 140: 105-10
19. Beer E. Chronic retention of urine in children. JAMA 1915; 65: 1709
20. Hinman F Jr. Non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder (the Hinman Syndrome) - 15 years later. J Urol 1986; 136: 769-77
21. McGuire EJ, Savastano JA. Urodynamic studies in enuresis and the non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder. J Urol 1984; 132: 299-302
22. Pressman MR, Fry JM. What is normal sleep? Clin Ger Med 1988; 4: 71-81
23. Robert M, Averous M, Besset A et al. Sleep polygraphic studies using cystomanometry in twenty patients with enuresis. Eur Urol 1993; 24: 97-102
24. Norgaard JP, Hansen JH, Wildschiotz G, Sorensen S, Rittig S, Djurhuus JC. Sleep cystometries in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 1989; 141: 1156-9
25. Penders L, de Leval J, Petit R. Enuresis and urethral instability. Eur Urol 1984; 10: 317-22
26. Goluboff ET, Chang DT, Olsson CA, Kaplan SA. Urodynamics and the etiology of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: the initial Columbia experience. J Urol 1995; 153: 1034-7
27. Leach GE. Post-prostatectomy incontinence: the importance of bladder dysfunction. J Urol 1995; 153: 1034-7
28. Narayan P, Konety B, Aslam K. Aboseif S, Blumenfeld W, Tanagho E. Neuroanatomy of the external urethral sphincter: implications for urinary continence preservation during radical prostate surgery. J Urol 1995; 153: 337-41
29. Klein EA. Modified apical dissection for early continence after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 1993; 22: 217-23
30. Bloom DA, Knechtel JM, McGuire EJ. Urethral dilation improves bladder compliance in children with myelomeningocele and high leak point pressures. J Urol 1990; 144: 430-3
31. Park JM, Wedemeyer G, Bloom DA. Suppression of uninhibited bladder contractions in spinal cord injury patients by stimulation of external urethral sphincter. Abstract 83. American Academy of Pediatrics Annual Meeting, Section on Urology, San Francisco, CA, October 23, 1995
32. Schneider MS, King LR, Surwit RS. Kegel exercises and childhood incontinence: a new role for an old treatment. J Pediat 1994; 124: 91-2
33. Fall M. Does electrostimulation cure urinary incontinence? J Urol 1984; 131: 664-7
34. Wheeler JS Jr, Walter JS, Zaszczurynski PJ. Bladder inhibition by penile nerve stimulation in spinal cord injury patients. J Urol 1992; 147: 100-3