The immigration policy of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 480-493

  Winckler, Onn ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMIGRATION POLICY;

MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 0031396637     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263209708701165     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Robert E. Looney, Manpower Policies and Development in the Persian Gulf Region (Westport and London: Praeger, 1994), p.30, Table 3.2.
2. International Labour Office (ILO), Yearbook of Labour Statistics - 1994 (Geneva, 1995), pp.23-32, Table 1.
3. Allan M. Findlay, 'Return to Yemen: The End of the Old Migration Order in the Arab World', in W.T.S. Gould and A.M. Findlay (eds.), Population Migration and the Changing World Order (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1994), p.206.
4. The World Bank, World Tables, 1995 Edition (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), pp.259, 387, 735.
5. Tayseer Abdel-Jaber, 'Inter-Arab Labor Movements: Problems and Prospects', in Said El-Naggar (ed.), Economic Development of the Arab Countries, Papers Presented at a Seminar Held in Bahrain, 1-3 February 1993 (Washington DC: IMF, 1993), pp.150-51.
6. ECWA, The Population Situation in the ECWA Region - Saudi Arabia (Beirut, 1979), p.13.
7. The State of Kuwait, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract - 1978 (Kuwait, 1979), pp.22-3, Tables 21-2.
8. ECWA, The Population Situation - Qatar, op. cit., p.4, Table 10.1.
9. ECWA, The Population Situation - UAE, op. cit., p.4, Table 13.1.
10. See: Harby Mohammad Mousa Arikat, The Arab Gulf Economy: A Demographic & Economic Profile (Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1987), p.4.
11. Birks and Sinclair, International Migration, op. cit., p.137, Table 13.
12. State of Qatar, Annual Statistical Abstract - 1993, p.45, Table 27.
13. Franklin, 'Migrant Labor', Annual Statistical Abstract - 1993, op. cit., p.11, Table 1.
14. Middle East Economic Digest (hereafter MEED), Vol.35, No.39 (4 Oct. 1991), p.6.
15. J. Addleton, 'The Impact of the Gulf War on Migration and Remittances in Asia and the Middle East', International Migration, Vol.29 (1991), p.514;
16. See also: 'Asian Expatriates - Coming Back', The Middle East, No.204 (Oct. 1991), p.36.
17. Birks and Sinclair, GCC Market Report - 1992, p.103, Table 4.2
18. 'Al-Simat Al-Asasiya Lisukkan al-Kuwait', p.25, Table 1.
19. 'Saudi Arabia: Jobs for the Boys', The Middle East, No.225 (July 1993), p.26.
20. MEED, Vol.40, No.14 (5 April 1996), p.55.
21. Sultanate of Oman, Statistical Yearbook - 1993, p.46, Table 1-2.
22. Dawlat Al-Bahrain, Al-Ta'dad al-'am lil-sukkan wa'lmasakin wa'lmabani wa'lmunashat - 1991, op. cit., p.25, Table 1.1.0.
23. Sharon Stanton Russell, 'Politics and Ideology in Migration Policy Formulation: The Case of Kuwait', International Migration Review, Vol.23, No.1 (1989), p.36.
24. Population Division of the UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs and UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), Population Policy Compendium - Saudi Arabia (New York, 1980), p.5.
25. 'Growing Concern Over Dependence on Foreign Labour', Arab Oil, Vol.13, No.9 (Sept. 1983), p.28.
26. For example, Al-Riyadh (Riyadh), 10 March 1979;
27. Al-Jazira (Riyadh), 8 October 1979;
28. Arab Times (Safat), 23 April 1983;
29. Emirates News (Abu Dhabi), 16 Dec. 1983.
30. Al-Riyadh, 27 July 1984.
31. 'Kuwait: Expatriate Workers Outnumber Nationals', The Arab Economist, Vol.11 (April 1979), p.32.
32. J.S. Birks, I.J. Seccombe and C.A Sinclair, 'Labour Migration in the Arab Gulf States: Patterns, Trends and Prospects', International Migration, Vol.26 (1988), p.270.
33. UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Case Studies in Population Policy: Kuwait, Population Policy Paper, No.15 (New York, 1988), p.38.
34. MEED, Vol.39, No.8 (24 Feb. 1995), p.32.
35. See: Baquer Salman Al-Najjar, 'Population Policies in the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: Politics and Society', Immigrants and Minorities, Vol.12, No.2 (July 1993), p.214.
36. Birks and Sinclair, International Migration, op. cit., p.137, Table 13 and p.139, Table 14.
37. ESCWA, Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the ESCWA Region in the 1980s (New York, 1989), p.188, Table 12.12.
38. HRD, Socio-Demographic Profiles, p.187, Table 3.4
39. Birks and Sinclair, International Migration, op. cit., p.137, Table 13 and p.139, Table 14.
40. Qatar, Annual Statistical Abstract - 1991, p.34, Table 22.
41. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Country Profile - Bahrain, Qatar, 1989-90, p.24.
42. ESCWA, Survey in the 1980s, op. cit., p.188, Table 12.12.
43. Emile A. Nakhleh, 'Labor Markets and Citizenship in Bahrayn and Qatar', The Middle East Journal, Vol.31, No.2 (1977), p.151.
44. Shamlan Y. Alessa, The Manpower Problem in Kuwait (London and Boston: Kegan Paul International, 1981), p.44.
45. UN, Kuwait, op. cit., p.46.
46. 'Growing Concern', Kuwait, op. cit., p.27.
47. Alessa, The Manpower Problem, p.46.
48. Arab Times, 16 July 1987; 15 Oct. 1988.
49. MEED, Vol.37, No.12 (12 March 1993), op. cit., p.46.
50. MEED, Vol.40, No.14 (5 April 1996), p.56.
51. Jordan Times (Amman), 3 Jan. 1996.
52. MEED, Vol.37, No.10 (12 March 1993), p.46.
53. K.L. Kohli and Musa'ad Al-Omaim, 'Changing Patterns of Migration in Kuwait', Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No.32 (June 1988), p.92.
54. UN, Kuwait, op. cit., p.51.
55. MEED, Vol.38, No.8 (25 Feb. 1994), p.9.
56. Chris Kutschera, 'Oman - Not Enough Jobs for the Boys', The Middle East, No. 176 (June 1989), p.35;
57. MEED, Vol.35, No.12 (29 March 1991), p.19.
58. MEED, Vol.35, No.42 (25 Oct. 1991), p.16.
59. MEED, Vol.35, No.40 (11 Oct. 1991), p.18.
60. The date for 1960 taken from: World Bank, World Tables, 1984 edition, p.104.
61. The data for 1990 taken from: World Bank, World Tables, 1994 edition, p.127.
62. The date for 1975 taken from: UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook - 1985 (Paris, 1986), pp.III - 243-4.
63. The date for 1989 taken from: UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook - 1991, pp.III - 242-3.
64. See also: Gad G. Gilbar, The Middle East Oil Decade and Beyond (London and Portland: Frank Cass, 1996), pp.74-102.
65. UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), International Labour Migration and Remittances Between the Developing ESCAP Countries and the Middle East: Trends, Issues and Policies, Development Papers No.6 (Bangkok, 1987), p.18, Table 3.
66. Birks et al., 'Labour Migration', International Labour Migration and Remittances Between the Developing ESCAP Countries and the Middle East: Trends, Issues and Policies, op. cit., p.274.
67. Nazli Choucri, 'Asians in the Arab World: Labour Migration and Public Policy', Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.22, No.2 (1986), pp.252-61.
68. See also: Russell, 'Politics and Ideology', Middle Eastern Studies, op. cit., p.36.
69. Muhammad Ali Al-Ramadhan, 'New Population Policy in Kuwait: The Quest for a Balance in the Population Composition', Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No.43 (1995), pp.38-9.
70. Russell and Al-Ramadhan, 'Kuwait's Migration', p.581.
71. MEED, Vol.39, No.31 (4 August 1995), p.30.
72. Allan G. Hill, 'Population Growth in the Middle East and North Africa: Selected Policy Issues', in A.L. Udovich (ed.), The Middle East: Oil, Conflict & Hope (Lexington: Lexington Books, 1976), p.36;
73. James Allman, 'The Demography Transition in the Middle East and North Africa', in James Allman (ed.), Women's Status and Fertility in the Muslim World (New York and London: Praeger Publishers, 1978), pp.24-5.
74. The data for 1960 taken from: World Bank, World Tables, 1984 edition, pp.104, 105, 107, 108.
75. The data for 1992 taken from: ESCWA, Demographic and Related Socio-Economic Data Sheets for the Countries of ESCWA, No.7 (Amman, 1993), pp.23, 75, 97, 109.
76. Al-Najjar, 'Population Policies', Demographic and Related Socio-Economic Data Sheets for the Countries of ESCWA, op. cit., pp.211-12.