메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 2210-2220

Pattern analysis of SST-forced variability in ensemble GCM simulations: Examples over Europe and the tropical Pacific

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; GCM;

EID: 0031396026     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2210:PAOSFV>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0000996931 scopus 로고
    • Estimating climate-scale precipitation from space: A review
    • Arkin, P. A., and P. E. Ardanuy, 1989: Estimating climate-scale precipitation from space: A review. J. Climate, 2, 1229-1238.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1229-1238
    • Arkin, P.A.1    Ardanuy, P.E.2
  • 2
    • 0029508637 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo climate forecasting
    • Barnett, T. P., 1995: Monte Carlo climate forecasting. J. Climate, 8, 1005-1022.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1005-1022
    • Barnett, T.P.1
  • 3
    • 0000123158 scopus 로고
    • Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United State surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis
    • _, and R. W. Preisendorfer, 1987: Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United State surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1825-1850.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1825-1850
    • Preisendorfer, R.W.1
  • 4
    • 0023480259 scopus 로고
    • Classification, seasonality, and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns
    • Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Liverzey, 1987: Classification, seasonality, and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1083-1126
    • Barnston, A.G.1    Liverzey, R.E.2
  • 5
    • 0000619110 scopus 로고
    • A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies od ocean temperature
    • Bjerknes, J., 1966: A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies od ocean temperature. Tellus, 18, 820-829.
    • (1966) Tellus , vol.18 , pp. 820-829
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 6
    • 0000417809 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric responses to the 1964-65 Pacific equatorial warming
    • _, 1972: Large-scale atmospheric responses to the 1964-65 Pacific equatorial warming. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 2, 212-217.
    • (1972) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.2 , pp. 212-217
  • 7
    • 85033302788 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency variability in AMIP model monthly mean data for the northern winter for the 200 hPa streamfunction
    • NTIS PB-94-177078
    • Boyle, J. S., and S. Sengupta, 1993: Low-frequency variability in AMIP model monthly mean data for the northern winter for the 200 hPa streamfunction. Proc. 18th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, 126-129. [NTIS PB-94-177078.]
    • (1993) Proc. 18th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 126-129
    • Boyle, J.S.1    Sengupta, S.2
  • 8
    • 0000825696 scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data
    • Bretherton, C. S., C. Smith, and J. M. Wallace, 1992: An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate, 5, 541-560.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 541-560
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Smith, C.2    Wallace, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0000216608 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale international variability of monthly outgoing longwave radiation anomalies over the global tropics
    • Chelliah, M., and P. A. Arkin, 1992: Large-scale international variability of monthly outgoing longwave radiation anomalies over the global tropics. J. Climate, 5, 371-389.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 371-389
    • Chelliah, M.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 10
    • 0029434670 scopus 로고
    • Orthogonal rotation of spatial patterns derived from singular value decomposition analysis
    • Cheng, X., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1995: Orthogonal rotation of spatial patterns derived from singular value decomposition analysis. J. Climate, 8, 2631-2643.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2631-2643
    • Cheng, X.1    Dunkerton, T.J.2
  • 11
    • 0031175724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some comments on singular value decomposition analysis
    • Cherry, S., 1997: Some comments on singular value decomposition analysis. J. Climate, 10, 1759-1761.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1759-1761
    • Cherry, S.1
  • 13
    • 0001639763 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric circulation feature of warm and cold episodes in the tropical Pacific
    • Deser, C., and J. M. Wallace, 1990: Large-scale atmospheric circulation feature of warm and cold episodes in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 3, 1254-1281.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 1254-1281
    • Deser, C.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 2042548396 scopus 로고
    • Sahel rainfall, Northern Hemisphere circulation anomalies and worldwide sea temperature changes
    • Rome, Italy, Pontifical Academy of Sciences
    • Folland, C. K., D. E. Parker, M. N. Ward, and A. W. Colman, 1988: Sahel rainfall, Northern Hemisphere circulation anomalies and worldwide sea temperature changes. Proc. Persistent Meteooceanographic anomalies and Teleconnections, Rome, Italy, Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 393-436.
    • (1988) Proc. Persistent Meteooceanographic Anomalies and Teleconnections , pp. 393-436
    • Folland, C.K.1    Parker, D.E.2    Ward, M.N.3    Colman, A.W.4
  • 16
    • 0027085408 scopus 로고
    • The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
    • Gates, W. L., 1992: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Gates, W.L.1
  • 17
    • 85013685326 scopus 로고
    • On the roles of tropical and midlatitude SSTs in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation
    • Graham, N. E., T. P. Barnett, R. Wilde, M. Ponater, and S. Schubert, 1994: On the roles of tropical and midlatitude SSTs in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 7, 1416-1441.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1416-1441
    • Graham, N.E.1    Barnett, T.P.2    Wilde, R.3    Ponater, M.4    Schubert, S.5
  • 18
    • 0021549063 scopus 로고
    • The status of the NOAA outgoing longwave radiation dataset
    • Gruber, A., and A. F. Krueger, 1984: The status of the NOAA outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 958-962.
    • (1984) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.65 , pp. 958-962
    • Gruber, A.1    Krueger, A.F.2
  • 19
    • 0029413364 scopus 로고
    • Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model
    • Harzallah, A., and R. Sadourny, 1995: Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 8, 474-495.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 474-495
    • Harzallah, A.1    Sadourny, R.2
  • 20
    • 0028794185 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of tropical climate anomaly simulations
    • Hense, A., and U. Romer, 1995: Statistical analysis of tropical climate anomaly simulations. Climate Dyn., 11, 178-192.
    • (1995) Climate Dyn. , vol.11 , pp. 178-192
    • Hense, A.1    Romer, U.2
  • 21
    • 0001119410 scopus 로고
    • Validation of large-scale precipitation fields in general circulation models
    • M. Desbois and F. Desalmand, Eds., NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag
    • Hulme, M., 1994: Validation of large-scale precipitation fields in general circulation models. Global Precipitation and Climate Change, M. Desbois and F. Desalmand, Eds., NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, 387-406.
    • (1994) Global Precipitation and Climate Change , pp. 387-406
    • Hulme, M.1
  • 23
    • 0024219194 scopus 로고
    • The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation
    • Kiladis, G. N. and H. van Loon, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 120-136.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 120-136
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Van Loon, H.2
  • 24
    • 0000589570 scopus 로고
    • Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes of the Southern Oscillation
    • _, and H. F. Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1069-1090
    • Diaz, H.F.1
  • 25
    • 85047811978 scopus 로고
    • Interannual variations in an atmospheric GCM forced by the 1970-1989 SST. Part I: Response of the tropical atmosphere
    • Kitoh, A., 1991a: Interannual variations in an atmospheric GCM forced by the 1970-1989 SST. Part I: Response of the tropical atmosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 251-269.
    • (1991) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.69 , pp. 251-269
    • Kitoh, A.1
  • 26
    • 0008272204 scopus 로고
    • Interannual variations in an atmospheric GCM forced by the 1970-1989 SST. Part II: Low-frequency variability of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere extratropics
    • _, 1991b: Interannual variations in an atmospheric GCM forced by the 1970-1989 SST. Part II: Low-frequency variability of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere extratropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 271-291.
    • (1991) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.69 , pp. 271-291
  • 27
    • 0029757527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing a GCM's suitability for making seasonal predictions
    • Kumar, A., M. Hoerling, M. Ji, A. Leetmaa, and P. Sardeshmukh, 1996: Assessing a GCM's suitability for making seasonal predictions. J. Climate, 9, 115-129.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 115-129
    • Kumar, A.1    Hoerling, M.2    Ji, M.3    Leetmaa, A.4    Sardeshmukh, P.5
  • 28
    • 0000926560 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST
    • Latif, M., J. Biercamp, H. von Storch, M. J. McPhaden, and E. Kirk, 1990: Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST. J. Climate, 3, 509-521.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 509-521
    • Latif, M.1    Biercamp, J.2    Von Storch, H.3    McPhaden, M.J.4    Kirk, E.5
  • 29
    • 0022164706 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response to observed El Niños in 1962-76
    • Lau, N.-C., 1985: Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response to observed El Niños in 1962-76. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1970-1996.
    • (1985) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 1970-1996
    • Lau, N.-C.1
  • 30
    • 0028578621 scopus 로고
    • A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system
    • _, and M. J. Nath, 1994: A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system. J. Climate, 7, 1184-1207.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1184-1207
    • Nath, M.J.1
  • 31
    • 0000838089 scopus 로고
    • On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics
    • Lindzen, R. S., and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2418-2436
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Nigam, S.2
  • 32
    • 0000248457 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the natural variability of time-averaged sea level pressure
    • Madden, R. A., 1976: Estimates of the natural variability of time-averaged sea level pressure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 942-952.
    • (1976) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.104 , pp. 942-952
    • Madden, R.A.1
  • 33
    • 0023466437 scopus 로고
    • The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions
    • Meehl, G. A., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 27-50.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 27-50
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 34
    • 0023480099 scopus 로고
    • Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget
    • Neelin, J. D., and I. M. Held, 1987: Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3-12.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 3-12
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 35
    • 0029412481 scopus 로고
    • A caveat concerning singular value decomposition
    • Newman, M., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: A caveat concerning singular value decomposition. J. Climate, 8, 352-360.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 352-360
    • Newman, M.1    Sardeshmukh, P.D.2
  • 36
    • 0027789670 scopus 로고
    • Extended-range atmospheric prediction and the Lorenz model
    • Palmer, T. N., 1993: Extended-range atmospheric prediction and the Lorenz model. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 49-65.
    • (1993) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 49-65
    • Palmer, T.N.1
  • 37
    • 0020391175 scopus 로고
    • Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño, Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 354-384
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Carpenter, T.H.2
  • 38
    • 0000700130 scopus 로고
    • Predictable anomaly patterns and the forecast skill of Northern Hemisphere wintertime 500-mb height fields
    • Renwick, J. A., and J. M. Wallance, 1995: Predictable anomaly patterns and the forecast skill of Northern Hemisphere wintertime 500-mb height fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2114-2131.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2114-2131
    • Renwick, J.A.1    Wallance, J.M.2
  • 39
    • 0001217722 scopus 로고
    • An improved real-time global sea surface temperature analysis
    • Reynolds, R. W. and D. C. Marisco, 1993: An improved real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 6, 114-119.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 114-119
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Marisco, D.C.2
  • 40
    • 0022891638 scopus 로고
    • Rotation of principal components
    • Richman, M. B., 1986: Rotation of principal components. J. Climatol., 6, 293-335.
    • (1986) J. Climatol. , vol.6 , pp. 293-335
    • Richman, M.B.1
  • 43
    • 0000335197 scopus 로고
    • Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1606-1626
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 44
    • 0000082536 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation
    • _, and _, 1989: Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 268-284.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 268-284
  • 45
    • 0028792850 scopus 로고
    • Variability of summer rainfall over tropical north Africa (1906-92): Observations and modelling
    • Rowell, D. P., C. K. Folland, K. Maskell, and M. N. Ward, 1995: Variability of summer rainfall over tropical north Africa (1906-92): Observations and modelling. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 669-704.
    • (1995) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 669-704
    • Rowell, D.P.1    Folland, C.K.2    Maskell, K.3    Ward, M.N.4
  • 46
    • 0029519669 scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of seasonal forecasts inferred from multiple GCM simulations
    • Stern, W., and K. Miyakoda, 1995: Feasibility of seasonal forecasts inferred from multiple GCM simulations. J. Climate, 8, 1071-1085.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1071-1085
    • Stern, W.1    Miyakoda, K.2
  • 47
    • 84952528400 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variations of the Southern Oscillation
    • Trenberth, K. E., 1976: Spatial and temporal variations of the Southern Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 639-653.
    • (1976) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.102 , pp. 639-653
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 48
    • 0000941749 scopus 로고
    • The 'Southern Oscillation'
    • Troup, A. J., 1965: The 'Southern Oscillation.' Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 91, 490-506.
    • (1965) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.91 , pp. 490-506
    • Troup, A.J.1
  • 49
    • 0000254187 scopus 로고
    • The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part I: General description
    • van Loon, H., and J. C. Rogers, 1978: The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part I: General description. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 296-310.
    • (1978) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.106 , pp. 296-310
    • Van Loon, H.1    Rogers, J.C.2
  • 50
    • 0001681833 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of the highly reflective cloud and outgoing longwave radiation datasets for use in estimating tropical deep convection
    • Waliser, D. E., N. E. Graham, and C. Gautier, 1993: Comparisons of the highly reflective cloud and outgoing longwave radiation datasets for use in estimating tropical deep convection. J. Climate, 6, 331-353.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 331-353
    • Waliser, D.E.1    Graham, N.E.2    Gautier, C.3
  • 52
    • 0026295982 scopus 로고
    • Does low-frequency atmospheric variability exhibit regime-like behavior?
    • Wallace, J. M., X. Cheng, and D. Sun, 1991: Does low-frequency atmospheric variability exhibit regime-like behavior? Tellus, 43AB, 16-26.
    • (1991) Tellus , vol.43 AB , pp. 16-26
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Cheng, X.2    Sun, D.3
  • 53
    • 0000222032 scopus 로고
    • Provisionally corrected surface wind data, worldwide ocean-atmospheric surface fields, and Sahelian rainfall variability
    • Ward, M. N., 1992: Provisionally corrected surface wind data, worldwide ocean-atmospheric surface fields, and Sahelian rainfall variability. J. Climate, 5, 454-475.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 454-475
    • Ward, M.N.1
  • 54
    • 0007680648 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. thesis, Reading University, Available from National Meteorological Library. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berks. RG12 2SZ, United Kindom
    • _, 1994: Tropical North African rainfall and worldwide monthly to multi-decadal climate variations. Ph.D. thesis, Reading University, 313 pp. [Available from National Meteorological Library. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berks. RG12 2SZ, United Kindom.]
    • (1994) Tropical North African Rainfall and Worldwide Monthly to Multi-decadal Climate Variations
  • 55
    • 0030499710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-surface wind over the global ocean 1949-88
    • _, and B. J. Hoskins, 1996: Near-surface wind over the global ocean 1949-88. J. Climate, 9, 1877-1895.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1877-1895
    • Hoskins, B.J.1
  • 56
    • 0023580837 scopus 로고
    • A potential predictability study conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model
    • Zwiers, F. W., 1987: A potential predictability study conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2957-2974.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 2957-2974
    • Zwiers, F.W.1
  • 57
    • 85033279912 scopus 로고
    • Inter-comparison of simulated potential predictability in several AMIP experiments
    • Galway, Ireland
    • _, 1995: Inter-comparison of simulated potential predictability in several AMIP experiments. Proc. 6th Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Galway, Ireland, 143-146.
    • (1995) Proc. 6th Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology , pp. 143-146


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.