Evolution of the Pinatubo aerosol: Raman lidar observations of particle optical depth, effective radius, mass, and surface area over central Europe at 53.4°N

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 54, Issue 22, 1997, Pages 2630-2641

  Ansmann, A ^a   Mattis, I ^a   Wandinger, U ^a   Wagner, F ^a   Reichardt, J ^b   Deshler, T ^c  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIDAR; PINATUBO AEROSOL;

EUROPE;

EID: 0031395087     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2630:EOTPAR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ansmann, A., M. Riebesell, and C. Weitkamp, 1990: Measurements of atmospheric aerosol extinction profiles with a Raman lidar. Opt. Lett., 15, 746-748.
2. _, _, U. Wandinger, C. Weitkamp, E. Voss, W. Lahmann, and W. Michaelis, 1992a: Combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar for vertical profiling of moisture, aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio. Appl. Phys. B, 55, 18-28.
3. _, U. Wandinger, M. Riebesell, C. Weitkamp, and W. Michaelis, 1992b: Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elasticbackscatter lidar. Appl. Opt., 31, 7113-7131.
4. _, _, and C. Weitkamp, 1993: One-year observations of Mount Pinatubo aerosol with an advanced Raman lidar over Germany at 53.5oN. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 711-714.
5. _, F. Wagner, U. Wandinger, I. Mattis, U. Görsdorf, H.-D. Dier, and J. Reichardt, 1996: Pinatubo aerosol and stratospheric ozone reduction: Observations over central Europe. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18 775-18 785.
6. Berresheim, H., P. H. Wine, and D. D. Davis, 1995: Sulfur in the atmosphere. Composition, Chemistry, and Climate of the Atmosphere, H. B. Singh, Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, International Thomson Publishing, 251-307.
7. 2 clouds from the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 151-154.
8. Bolin, B., and H. Rodhe, 1973: A note on the concept of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs. Tellus, 15, 58-62.
9. 2O-aerosol relationship inside and outside of the polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2559-2562.
10. Brasseur, G., and C. Granier, 1992: Mount Pinatubo aerosols, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone depletion. Science, 257, 1239-1242.
11. Chazette, P., C. David, J. Lefrère, S. Godin, J. Pelon, and G. Mégie, 1995: Comparative lidar study of the optical, geometrical, and dynamical properties of stratospheric post-volcanic aerosols, following the eruptions of El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23 195-23 207.
12. Deshler, T., B. J. Johnson, and W. R. Rozier, 1993: Balloonborne measurements of Pinatubo aerosol during 1991 and 1992 at 41oN: Vertical profiles, size distribution, and volatility. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1435-1438.
13. Dutton, E. G., and J. R. Christy, 1992: Solar radiative forcing at selected locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling following the eruptions of El Chichón and Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2313-2316.
14. Graf, H.-F., I. Kirchner, A. Robock, and I. Schult, 1993: Pinatubo eruption winter climate effects: Model versus observations. Climate Dyn., 9, 81-93.
15. Grant, W. B., E. V. Browell, C. S. Long, L. L. Stowe, R. G. Grainger, and A. Lambert, 1996: Use of volcanic aerosols to study the tropical stratospheric reservoir, 1996. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3973-3988.
16. Groisman, P. Y., 1992: Possible regional climate consequences of the Pinatubo eruption: An empirical approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1603-1606.
17. Hofmann, D. J., 1987: Perturbations to the global atmosphere associated with the El Chichon volcanic eruption of 1982. Rev. Geophys., 25, 742-759.
18. _, and S. J. Oltmans, 1993: Anomalous antarctic ozone during 1992: Evidence for Pinatubo volcanic aerosol effects. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18 555-18 561.
19. _, J. M. Rosen, and T. J. Pepin, 1974: Influence of the tropopause height on the global stratospheric aerosol burden and implications for the recent increase in ozone. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 734-737.
20. _, S. J. Oltmans, W. D. Komhyr, J. M. Harris, J. A. Lathrop, A. O. Langford, T. Deshler, B. J. Johnson, A. Torres, and W. A. Matthews, 1994: Ozone loss in the lower stratosphere over the United States in 1992-1993: Evidence for heterogeneous chemistry on the Pinatubo aerosol. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 65-68.
21. Jäger, H., 1992: The Pinatubo eruption cloud observed by lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 191-194.
22. _, and D. J. Hofmann, 1991: Midlatitude lidar backscatter to mass, area, and exctinction conversion model based on in situ measurements from 1980 to 1987. Appl. Opt., 30, 127-138.
23. _, O. Uchino, T. Nagai, T. Fujimoto, V. Freudenthaler, and F. Homburg, 1995a: Ground-based remote sensing of the decay of the Pinatubo eruption cloud at three Northern Hemisphere sites. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 607-610.
24. _, T. Deshler, and D. J. Hofmann, 1995b: Midlatitude lidar back-scatter conversions based on balloon-borne aerosol measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1729-1732.
25. Kinnison, D. E., K. E. Grant, P. S. Connell, D. A. Rotman, and D. J. Wuebbles, 1994: The chemical and radiative effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25 705-25 731.
26. Kodera, K., 1994: Influence of volcanic eruptions on the troposphere through stratospheric dynamical processes in the Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1273-1282.
27. Labitzke, K., 1994: Stratospheric temperature changes after the Pinatubo eruption. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1027-1034.
28. _, and M. P. McCormick, 1992: Stratospheric temperature increases due to Pinatubo aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 207-210.
29. Lacis, A., J. Hansen, and M. Sato, 1992: Climate forcing by stratospheric aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1607-1610.
30. Langford, A. O., T. J. O'Leary, M. H. Proffitt, and M. H. Hitchman, 1995: Transport of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosol to a northern midlatitude site. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9007-9016.
31. Long, C. S., and L. L. Stowe, 1994: Using the NOAA/AVHRR to study stratospheric aerosol optical thickness following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2215-2218.
32. Mattis, I., 1996: Zeitliche Entwicklung des stratosphärischen Aerosols nach dem Vulkanausbruch des Pinatubo: Analyse von Raman-Lidarmessungen. Masters thesis, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, 63 pp.
33. McCormick, M. P., L. W. Thomason, and C. R. Trepte, 1995: Atmospheric effects of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Nature, 373, 399-404.
34. McDermid, I. S., 1995: NDSC and JPL stratospheric lidars. Rev. Laser Eng., 23, 97-103.
35. McGee, T. J., P. Newman, M. Gross, U. Singh, S. Godin, A.-M. Lacoste, and G. Mégie, 1994: Correlation of ozone loss with the presence of volcanic aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2801-2804.
36. 2 budget for Pinatubo derived from NOAA-11 SBUV/2 spectral data. Geophys. Res. Lett.. 20, 1971-1974.
37. Menzies, R. T., and D. M. Tratt, 1995: Evidence of seasonally dependent stratosphere-troposphere exchange and purging of lower stratosphere aerosol from a multiyear lidar data set. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3139-3148.
38. Minnis, P., E. F. Harrison, L. L. Stowe, G. G. Gibson, F. M. Denn, D. R. Doelling, and W. L. Smith Jr., 1993: Radiative climate forcing by the Mount Pinatubo eruption. Science, 259, 1411-1415.
39. Nardi, B., M.-L. Chanin, A. Hauchecorne, S. I. Avdyushin, G. F. Tulinov, M. S. Ivanov, B. N. Kuzmenko, and I. R. Mezhuev, 1993: Morphology and dynamics of the Pinatubo aerosol layer in the Northern Hemisphere as detected from a ship-borne lidar. Part II. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1967-1970.
40. Post, M. J., C. J. Grund, A. M. Weickmann, K. R. Healy, and R. J. Willis, 1996: Comparison of Mount Pinatubo and EI Chichón volcanic events: Lidar observations at 10.6 and 0.69 μm. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3929-3940.
41. Pueschel, R. F., J. M. Livingston, P. B. Russel, and S. Verma, 1994: Physical and optical properties of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosol: Aircraft observations with impactors and a suntracking photometer. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12 915-12 922.
42. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, J. M. Russel, J. W. Waters, and L. Froidevaux, 1995: Ozone and temperature changes in the stratosphere following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16 753-16 764.
43. Keichardt, J., A. Ansmann, M. Serwazi, and C. Weitkamp, 1996a: Unexpectedly low ozone concentrations in midlatitude tropospheric ice clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1929-1932.
44. _, U. Wandinger, M. Serwazi, and C. Weitkamp, 1996b: Combined Raman lidar for aerosol, ozone, and moisture measurements. Opt. Eng., 35, 1457-1465.
45. Robock, A., and J. Mao, 1995: The volcanic signal in surface temperature observations. J. Climate, 8, 1086-1103.
46. Rosen. J. M., N. T. Kjome, H. Fast, and N. Larsen, 1994: Volcanic aerosol and polar stratospheric clouds in the winter 1992/93 north polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 61-64.
47. Russell, P. B., and Coauthors, 1996: Global to microscale evolution of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosol, derived from diverse measurements and analyses. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18 745-18 763.
48. Seckmeyer, G., B. Mayer, R. Erb, and G. Bernhard, 1994: UV-B in Germany higher in 1993 than in 1992. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 577-580.
49. Snetsinger, K. G., R. F. Pueschel, and G. V. Ferry, 1992: Diminished effects of El Chichón on stratospheric aerosols, early 1984 to late 1986. Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2947-2951.
50. Tie, X., G. P. Brasseur, B. Briegleb, and C. Granier, 1994: Two-dimensional simulation of Pinatubo aerosol and its effect on stratospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 545-20 562.
51. Trepte, C. R., L. W. Thomason, and G. S. Kent, 1994: Banded structures in stratospheric aerosol distributions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2397-2400.
52. Wagner, F., 1996: Abschätzung des Einflusses des Pinatubo-Aerosols auf den stratosphärischen Ozonabbau: Beobachtungen über Mitteleuropa. Masters thesis, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, 83 pp.
53. Wandinger, U., A. Ansmann, J. Reichardt, and T. Deshler, 1995: Determination of stratospheric-aerosol inicrophysical properties from independent extinction and backscattering measurements with a Raman lidar. Appl. Opt., 34, 8315-8329.
54. Wilson, J. C., and Coauthors, 1993: In situ observations of aerosol and chlorine monoxide after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Effect of reactions on sulfate aerosol. Science, 261, 1140-1143.
55. Zhao, J., R. P. Turco, and O. B. Toon, 1995: A model simulation of Pinatubo volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7315-7328.