Experimental tests of genetic divergence of farmed from wild Atlantic salmon due to domestication

ICES Journal of Marine Science

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1051-1063

  Fleming, I A ^a   Einum, S ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Aggression; Aquaculture; Atlantic salmon; Farmed salmon; Growth; Maturity; Morphology; Predation risk; Salmo salar; Smolting

Indexed keywords

CULTURED POPULATION; FITNESS; GENETIC DIVERGENCE; LIFE-HISTORY TRAIT;

NORWAY; SUNNDALSORA;

SALMO SALAR;

EID: 0031394762     PISSN: 10543139     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3139(97)80009-4     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (59)

1. Abbott, J. C. and Dill, L. M. 1985. Patterns of aggressive attack in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: 1702-1706.
2. Allendorf, F. W. and Phelps, S. R. 1980. Loss of genetic variation in a hatchery stock of cutthroat trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 109: 537-543.
3. Anon. 1996. State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. FAO, Rome.
4. Bagenal, T. B. 1969. Relationship between egg size and fry survival in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Journal of Fish Biology, 1: 349-353.
5. Berejikian, B. A. 1995. The effects of hatchery and wild ancestry and experience on the relative ability of steelhead trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to avoid a benthic predator. Canadian Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 52: 2476-2482.
6. Berejikian, B. A., Mathews, S. B., and Quinn, T. P. 1996. Effects of hatchery and wild ancestry and rearing environments on the development of agonistic behavior in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53: 2004-2014.
7. Berglund, I. 1992. Growth and early sexual maturation in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70: 205-211.
8. Bookstein, F. L. 1990. Introduction and overview: geometry and biology. In Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop, pp. 61-74. Ed. by F. J. Rohlf and F. L. Bookstein. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Special Publication No. 2. 380 pp.
9. Bosakowski, T. and Wagner, E. J. 1994. Assessment of fin erosion by comparison of relative fin length of hatchery and wild trout in Utah. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51: 636-641.
10. Conover, D. O. 1992. Seasonality and the scheduling of life history at different latitudes. Journal of Fish Biology, 41 (Supplement B): 161,178.
11. Conover, D. O. and Schultz, E. T. 1995. Phenotypic similarity and the evolutionary significance of countergradient variation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10: 248-252.
12. Dentry, W. and Lindsey, C. C. 1978. Vertebral variation in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) related to the prefertilization temperature history of their parents. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56: 280-283.
13. Doyle, R. W., Shackel, N. L., Basiao, Z., Uraiwan, S., Maricia, T., and Talbot, A. J. 1991. Selective diversification of aquaculture stocks: a proposal for economically sustainable genetic conservation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48 (Supplement 1): 148-154.
14. Einum, S. and Fleming, I. A. 1997. Genetic divergence and interactions in the wild among native, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology, 50: 634-651.
15. Elliott, J. M. and Hurley, M. A. A functional model for maximum growth of Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar, from two populations in north-west England. Functional Ecology. (In press.)
16. Fausch, K. D. 1984. Profitable stream positions for salmonids: relating specific growth rate to net energy gain. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62: 441-451.
17. Fenderson, O. C., Everhart, W. H., and Muth, K. M. 1968. Comparative agonistic and feeding behavior of hatchery-reared and wild salmon in aquaria. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25: 1-14.
18. Fleming, I. A. 1995. Reproductive success and the genetic threat of cultured fish to wild populations. In Protection of aquatic biodiversity. Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress, Theme 3, pp. 117-135. Ed. by D. P. Philipp, J. M. Epifanio, J. E. Marsden, and J. E. Claussen. Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi, India. 282 pp.
19. Fleming, I. A., Jonsson, B., and Gross, M. R. 1994. Phenotypic divergence of sea-ranched, farmed, and wild salmon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51: 2808-2824.
20. Fleming, I. A., Jonsson, B., Gross, M. R., and Lamberg, A. 1996. An experimental study of the reproductive behaviour and success of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Applied Ecology, 33: 893-905.
21. Fleming, I. A., Lamberg, A., and Jonsson, B. 1997. Effects of early experience on the reproductive performance of Atlantic salmon. Behavioural Ecology, 8: 470-480.
22. Forseth, T. 1994. Bioenergetics in ecological and life history studies of fishes. PhD thesis, University of Trondheim, Norway.
23. Gjedrem, T., Gjerde, B., and Refstie, T. 1988. A review of quantitative genetic research in salmonids at AKVAFORSK. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quantitative Genetics, pp. 527-535. Ed. by B. S. Weir, E. J. Eisen, M. M. Goodman, and G. Namkoong. Sinauer, Sunderland.
24. Gjedrem, T., Gjøen, H. M., and Gjerde, B. 1991. Genetic origin of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 98: 41-50.
25. Gjerde, B. 1984. Response to individual selection for age at sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 38: 229-240.
26. Gjerde, B. and Schaeffer, L. R. 1989. Body traits in rainbow trout. II. Estimates of heritabilities and of phenotypic and genetic correlations. Aquaculture, 80: 25-44.
27. Glebe, B. D., Appy, T. D., and Saunders, R. L. 1979. Variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reproductive traits and their implications in breeding programs. ICES CM 1979/M: 23. 11 pp.
28. Hoar, W. S. 1988. The physiology of smolting salmonids. In Fish physiology. Volume 11B. The physiology of developing fish: viviparity and post hatching, pp. 275-343. Ed. by W. S. Hoar, and D. J. Randall. Academic Press, New York.
29. Hutchings, J. A. and Myers, R. A. 1994. The evolution of alternative mating strategies in variable environments. Evolutionary Ecology, 8: 256-268.
30. Johnsson, J. I. and Abrahams, M. V. 1991. Interbreeding with domestic strain increases foraging under threat of predation in juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): an experimental study. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48: 243-247.
31. Johnsson, J. I., Petersson, E., Jönsson, E., Björnsson, B. Th., and Järvi, T. 1996. Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth patterns in juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53: 1546-1554.
32. Jonsson, N., Hansen, L. P., and Jonsson, B. 1991. Variation in age, size and repeat spawning of adult Atlantic salmon in relation to river discharge. Journal of Animal Ecology, 60: 937-947.
33. Jonsson, N., Jonsson, B., and Fleming, I. A. 1996. Does early growth cause a phenotypically plastic response in egg production of Atlantic salmon? Functional Ecology, 10: 89-96.
34. Kazakov, R. V. 1981. The effect of the size of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., eggs on embryos and alevins. Journal of Fish Biology, 19: 353-360.
35. Metcalfe, N. B., Huntingford, F. A., and Thorpe, J. E. 1988. Feeding intensity, growth rates, and the establishment of life-history patterns in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57: 463-474.
36. Metcalfe, N. B., Huntingford, F. A., Graham, W. D., and Thorpe, J. E. 1989. Early social status and the development of life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 236: 7-19.
37. Metcalfe, N. B., Wright, P. J., and Thorpe, J. E. 1992. Relationships between social status, otolith size at first feeding and subsequent growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Animal Ecology, 61: 585-589.
38. Moyle, P. B. 1969. Comparative behavior of young brook trout of domestic and wild origin. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 31: 51-59.
39. Økland, F., Jonsson, B., Jensen, A. J., and Hansen, L. P. 1993. Is there a threshold size regulating seaward migration of brown trout and Atlantic salmon? Journal of Fish Biology, 42: 541-550.
40. Olla, B. L., Davis, M. V., and Ryder, C. H. 1994. Behavioural deficits in hatchery-reared fish: potential effects on survival following release. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 25 (Supplement 1): 19-34.
41. Philipp, D. P. 1991. Genetic implications of introducing Florida largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides floridanus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48 (Supplement 1): 58-65.
42. Price, E. O. 1984. Behavioral aspects of animal domestication. Quarterly Review of Biology, 59: 1-32.
43. Reisenbichler, R. R. and McIntyre, J. D. 1977. Genetic differences in growth and survival of juvenile hatchery and wild steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34: 123-128.
44. Reist, J. D. 1986. An empirical evaluation of coefficients used in residual and allometric adjustment of size covariation. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64: 1363-1368.
45. Ruzzante, D. E. 1994. Domestication effects on aggressive and schooling behavior in fish. Aquaculture, 120: 1-24.
46. Ruzzante, D. E. and Doyle, R. W. 1991. Rapid behavioral changes in medaka (Oryzias latipes) caused by selection for competitive and noncompetitive growth. Evolution, 45: 1936-1946.
47. Ryman, N. and Stahl, G. 1980. Genetic changes in hatchery stocks of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37: 82-87.
48. Schramm, H. L., Jr, and Piper, R. G. (eds) 1995. Uses and effects of cultured fishes in aquatic ecosystems. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 15, 608 pp.
49. Swain, D. P. and Lindsey, C. C. 1986. Meristic variation in a clone of the cyprinodont fish Rivulus marmoratus related to temperature history of the parents and of the embryos. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64: 1444-1459.
50. Swain, D. P. and Riddell, B. E. 1990. Variation in agonistic behavior between newly emerged juveniles from hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47: 566-571.
51. Swain, D. P., Riddell, B. E., and Murray, C. B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48: 1783-1791.
52. Taylor, E. B. 1986. Differences in morphology between wild and hatchery populations of juvenile coho salmon. Progressive Fish-culturist, 48: 171-176.
53. Thorpe, J. E. 1986. Age at first maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar: freshwater period and conflicts with smolting. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 89: 7-14.
54. Thorpe, J. E., Miles, M. S., and Keay, D. S. 1984. Developmental rate, fecundity and egg size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture, 43: 289-305.
55. Thorpe, J. E., Mangel, M., Metcalfe, N. B., and Huntingford, F. A. Modeling the proximate basis of salmonid life history variation, with application to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Evolutionary ecology. (In press.)
56. Thorpe, R. S. 1983. A review of the numerical methods for recognizing and analysing racial differentiation. In Numerical taxonomy, pp. 404-423. Ed. by J. Felsenstein. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
57. Weatherley, A. H. and Gill, H. S. 1987. The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London. 443 pp.
58. Winans, G. 1984. Multivariate morphometric variability in Pacific salmon: technical demonstration. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41: 1150-1159.
59. Youngson, A. F., Martin, S. A. M., Jordan, W. C., and Verspoor, E. 1991. Genetic protein variation in Atlantic salmon in Scotland: comparison of wild and farmed fish. Aquaculture, 98: 231-242.