Low-frequency variability in a GCM: Three-dimensional flow regimes and their dynamics

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1357-1379

  Hannachi, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW;

ATMOSPHERE; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW;

EID: 0031394242     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1357:LFVIAG>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aart, E., and J. Korst, 1990: Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machine. John Wiley and Sons, 272 pp.
2. Anderson, J. L., 1992: Barotropic stationary states and persistent anomalies in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1709-1722.
3. Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality, and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
4. Berry, F. A., E. Bollay, and N. R. Beers, 1973: Handbook of Meteorology. McGraw-Hill, 1068 pp.
5. Branstator, G., 1987: A striking example of the atmosphere's leading travelling pattern. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2310-2323.
6. _, and J. D. Opsteegh, 1989: Free solutions of the barotropic vorticity equation. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1799-1814.
7. Charney, J. G., and J. G. Devore, 1979: Multiple flow equilibria in the atmosphere and blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1205-1216.
8. Dole, R. M., 1986: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: Structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 178-207.
9. _, and D. N. Gordon, 1983: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere winter circulation: Geophysical distribution and regional persistent characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1567-1586.
10. Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022.
11. Everitt, B. S., and D. J. Hand, 1981: Finite Mixture Analysis. Chapmann and Hall, 143 pp.
12. Frederiksen, J. S., 1992: Towards a unified instability theory of large-scale atmospheric disturbances. Trends Atmos. Sci., 1, 239-261.
13. Haines, K., and J. Marshall, 1987: Eddy-forced coherent structures as a prototype of atmospheric blocking. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 681-704.
14. _, and A. Hannachi, 1995: Weather regimes in the Pacific from a GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2444-2462.
15. Haltiner, J. G., and R. T. Williams, 1980: Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology. John Wiley and Sons, 477 pp.
16. Hannachi, A., and B. Legras, 1995: Simulated annealing and weather regimes classification. Tellus, 47A, 955-973.
17. Hansen, A. R., 1986: Observational characteristics of atmospheric planetary waves with bimodal amplitude distributions. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Academic Press, 101-133.
18. _, and A. Sutera, 1986: On the probability density distribution of large-scale atmospheric wave amplitude. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3250-3265.
19. Horel, J. D., 1981: A rotated principal component analysis of the interannual variability of the Northern Hemisphere 500 mb height field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2080-2092.
20. Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
21. _, I. N. James, and G. H. White, 1983: The shape, propagation and mean-flow interaction of large-scale weather systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1595-1612.
22. Illari, L., 1984: A diagnostic study of the potential vorticity in a warm blocking anticyclone. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3518-3526.
23. Kimoto, M., M. Mukougawa, and S. Yoden, 1992: Medium-range forecast skill variation and blocking transition: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1616-1627.
24. Legras, B., and M. Ghil, 1985: Persistent anomalies, blocking and variations in atmospheric predictability. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 433-471.
25. Lichtenberg, A. J., and M. A. Lieberman, 1983: Regular and Stochastic Motion. Springer-Verlag, 499 pp.
26. Lorenz, E. N., 1963: Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 130-141.
27. _, 1965: A study of the predictability of a 28-variable atmospheric model. Tellus. 17, 321-333.
28. Marshall, J. C., and F. Molteni, 1993: Toward a dynamical understanding of planetary-scale flow regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1792-1818.
29. Michelangeli, P. A., R. Vautard, and B. Legras, 1995: Weather regimes: Recurrence and quasi-stationarity. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1237-1256.
30. Mo, K. C., and M. Ghil, 1987: Statistics and dynamics of persistent anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 877-901.
31. _, and _, 1988: Cluster analysis of multiple planetary flow regimes. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 927-952.
32. Molteni, F., S. Sutera, and N. Tronci, 1988: The EOFs of the geopotential eddies at 500 mb in winter and their probability density distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3063-3080.
33. _, S. Tibaldi, and T. N. Palmer, 1990: Regimes in the wintertime circulation over northern extratropics. I: Observational evidence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 31-67.
34. Mukougawa, H., 1987: Instability of topographically forced Rossby waves in a two layer model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 13-25.
35. _, 1988: A dynamical model of "quasi-stationary" states in large-scale atmospheric motions. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2868-2888.
36. Namias, J., 1950: The index cycle and its role in the general circulation. J. Meteor., 7, 130-139.
37. _, 1964: Seasonal persistence and recurrence of European blocking during 1958-1960. Tellus, 16, 94-407.
38. Neven, E. C., 1994: Baroclinic modons on a sphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1447-1464.
39. Nitsche, G., J. M. Wallace, and C. Kooperberg, 1994: Is there evidence of multiple equilibria in planetary wave amplitude statistics? J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 314-322.
40. Palmer, T. N., 1988: Medium and extended range predictability and stability of the Pacific/North American mode. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 691-713.
41. _, and D. L. T. Anderson, 1994: The prospects for seasonal forecasting - A review paper. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 755-793.
42. Rex, D., 1950: Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate. Tellus, 2, 196-211.
43. Shutts, G. J., 1983: The propagation of eddies in diffluent jet streams: Eddy forcing of blocking flow fields. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 737-761.
44. Silverman, B. W, 1986: Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Chapman and Hall, 175 pp.
45. Simmons, A. J., J. M. Wallace, and G. W. Branstator, 1983: Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1363-1392.
46. Thuburn, J., 1991: Data sampling strategies for general circulation models, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 385-397.
47. Tung, K. K., and A. J. Rosenthal, 1985: Theories of multiple equilibria - A critical reexamination. Part I: Barotropic models. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2804-2819.
48. Vautard, R., 1990: Multiple weather regimes over the North Atlantic: Analysis of precursors and successors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2056-2081.
49. _, and B. Legras, 1988: On the source of low frequency variability. Part II: Nonlinear equilibration of weather regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2845-2867.
50. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
51. Wiin-Nielsen, A., 1979: Steady states and stability properties of a low order barotropic system with forcing and dissipation. Tellus, 31, 375-386.
52. Wolfe, J. H., 1970: Pattern clustering by multivariate mixture analysis. Multiv. Behav. Res., 5, 329-350.