Trophic structure of abyssal macrobenthos

Advances in Marine Biology

Volumn 32, Issue 32, 1997, Pages 427-525

  Sokolova, M N ^a  

^a SHIRSHOV INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABYSSAL ZONE; DEEP-SEA BENTHOS; FEEDING BEHAVIOUR; TROPHIC STRUCTURE;

EID: 0031392788     PISSN: 00652881     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60021-8     Document Type: Article

References (338)

1. Akhmet'eva, E.A. (1987). The transformation of organic matter by deposit-feeders. In "Feeding of Marine Invertebrates and its Significance in Formation of Communities" (A.P. Kuznetsov and M.N. Sokolova, eds), pp. 46-54. Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
2. Akhmet'eva, E.A., Smimov, B.A. and Bordovskii, O.K. (1982). Some special features of the composition of organic matter in intestinal contents of benthic deposit feeders. Okeanologiya 22(6), 1021-1024. (In Russian with English abstract).
3. Alldredge, A.L. and Gotschalk, C.C. (1989). Direct observations of mass flocculations of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates. Deep-Sea Research 36A, 159-173.
4. Alldredge, A.L. and Silver, M.W. (1988). Characteristics, dynamics and significance of "marine snow". Progress in Oceanography 20, 41-82.
5. Alien, J.A. (1971). Evolution and functional morphology of the deep-water protobranch bivalves of the Atlantic. In "Proceedings of the Joint Océanographie Assembly, 1970", pp. 251-253, Tokyo.
6. Allen, J.A. (1979). The adaptations and radiation of deep-sea bivalves. Sarsia 64, 19-27.
7. Alien, J.A. and Sanders, H.L. (1966). Adaptations of abyssal life as shown by the bivalve Abra profimdorum (Smith). Deep-Sea Research 13(6), 1175-1184.
8. Aller, J.Y. (1989). Quantifying sediment disturbance by bottom currents and its effect on benthic communities in a deep-sea western boundary zone. Deep-Sea Research 36A, 901-934.
9. Alongi, D.M. (1990). Bacterial growth rates, production and estimates of detrital carbon utilization in deep-sea sediment of the Solomon and Coral Seas. Deep-Sea Research 37A, 731-746.
10. Arrhenius, G.O.S. (1952). Sediment cores from the East Pacific. Report Swedish Defp-sea Expendition 5, 1-227.
11. Atlas of the Oceans. "Terms, Concepts, Informational Tables" (1980). Navy, Leningrad. (In Russian).
12. Baird, B.H., Nivens, D.E., Parker, J.H. and White, D.C. (1985). The biomass, community structure and spatial distribution of the sedimentary microbiota from a high energy area of the deep-sea. Deep-Sea Research 32A, 1089-1099.
13. Beklemishev, V.N. (1961). Terminology and concepts necessary for the quantitative study of populations of ectoparasites and nidicoles. Zoologicheskii Zluinial 40(2), 147-158. (In Russian).
14. Beklemishev, K.V. (1964). Superfluous feeding in Zooplankton and the problem of food sources of benthic animals. Trudy Vsesoyiiziiogo Hidrobiologicheskogo Obtchestva Akademii Nauk SSSR, Nauka, Moskva 8, 354-358. (In Russian).
15. Beklemishev, K.V., Semenova, N.L. and Malyutin, O.I. (1982). The structure of biological boundary of the pseudobathyal zone in the White Sea. Ziiumal Obshchey Biohgii 3, 366-373. (In Russian).
16. Belyaev, G.M. (1966). "Hadal Bottom Fauna of the World Ocean". Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. (In Russian. English translation published 1972 by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem).
17. Belyaev, G.M. and Glikman, L.S. (1970). Shark teeth on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Tntdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 88,252-276. (In Russian with English title).
18. Belyaev, G.M. and Litvinova, N.M. (1972). New genera and species of deep-sea ophiuroids. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obtchestva Ispytateley Prirody, Moskva, Séria biologicheskaya 77(3), 5-20. (In Russian with English abstract).
19. Belyaev, G.M. and Litvinova, N.M. (1976). Rare new species of deep-sea ophiuroids. TnidyInstitutaOkeanologiiAkademiiNaukSSSR99,126-139. (In Russian with English abstract).
20. Belyaev, G.M., Birstein, Ya.A., Bogorov, V.G., Vinogradova, N.G., Vinogradov, M.E. and Zenkevich, L.A. (1959). On the scheme of vertical biological zonation of the ocean. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 129(3), 658-661. (In Russian).
21. Belyaev, G.M., Vinogradova, N.G., Levenstein, N.G., Pasternak, F.A., Sokolova, M.N. and Filatova, Z.A. (1973). Distribution patterns of deep-water bottom fauna related to the idea of the biological structure of the ocean. Oceanology 13, 114-120.
22. Bezrukov, P.L. (1962). Some problems of the zonation of sediment formation in the World Ocean. Tnidy Okeanographycheskoy Kotnissii 10(3), 3-9. (In Russian).
23. Bezrukov, P.L. (1964a). Sediments of the northern and central parts of the Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 64,182-202. (In Russian with English abstract).
24. Bezrukov, P.L. (1964b). Sediment formation in the northern and central parts of the Indian ocean. In "Trudy Mezhdunarodnogo Geologicheskogo Kongressa. XXII Sessia. Doklady Sovetskyh Geologov: Geologia Dna Okeanov i Morei", pp. 41-42, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
25. Bezrukov, P.L., Petelin, V.P. and Aleksina, I.A. (1970). Types of sediments, their distribution and composition. In "The Pacific Ocean. Sedimentation in the Pacific Ocean", Part l (Kort, V.G., éd.), pp. 170-237. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian with English title).
26. Bezrukov, P.L., Skornyakova, N.S. and Murdmaa, I.O. (1981). Main features of distribution and composition of oceanic iron-manganese concretions fields. Litologiya i poleznye Iskopaemye 5, 51-63. (In Russian with English title).
27. Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L. and Mantoura, R.F.C. (1983). Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos. Nature 302, 520-522.
28. Billett, D.S.M., Llewellyn, C. and Watson, J. (1988). Are deep-sea holothurians selective feeders? In "Echinoderm Biology" (R.D. Burke, M.P. Bacon and W.W. Silker, eds), pp. 421-429. Balkema, Rotterdam.
29. Birstein, Ya.A. and Vinogradov, M.E. (1971). The role of trophic factors in taxonomic identification of marine benthic fauna. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispytatelei Prirody, Moskva, Séria biologicheskaya 76(3), 59-92. (In Russian with English abstract).
30. Bishop, J.K., Edmond, J.M., Ketten, D.R. Mladendorf, P.V., Lambert, P. and Parsley, R.L. (1977). The chemistry, biology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 24(6), 511-548.
31. Blegvad, H. (1914). Food and conditions of nourishment among the communities of invertebrate animals found on or in the sea bottom in Danish waters. Report of Danish Biological Station 22, 3-56.
32. Bogdanov, Yu.A. (1965). Suspended organic matter in the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Okeanologiya 5(2), 286-297. (In Russian with English title and abstract).
33. Bogdanov, Yu.A. (1980). "Pelagic sedimentation process in the Pacific Ocean". Author's Abstract of Dissertation for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian).
34. Bogdanov, Yu.A., Lisitsyn, A.P. and Romankevich, E.A. (1971). Organic matter of suspensions and benthic sediments of seas and oceans. In "Organicheskoe Veshchestvo Sovremennykh i Iskopaemykh Osadkov", pp. 35-40, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
35. Bogdanov, Yu.A., Gurvich, E.G. and Lisitsyn, A.P. (1979). A model for the accumulation of organic carbon in the benthic sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Geokhimya 1,918-927. (In Russian with English title).
36. Bordovsky, O.K. (1964a). "Accumulation and Transformation of Organic Malierin Marine Sediments". Nedra, Moscow. (In Russian).
37. Bordovsky, O.K. (1964b). On the characteristics of organic matter in the benthic sediments of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In "Environment and Processes of Petroleum Formation", pp. 100-128, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
38. Bordovsky, O.K. (1966a). Processes of accumulation and ways of transformation of organic matter in the benthic sediments of the ocean. In "Khimicheskie Protsessy v Moryakh i okeanakh", pp. 42-47, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
39. Bordovsky, O.K. (1966b). Organic matter in the benthic sediments of marine and ocean basins. In "Biologicheski Resursy vodoemov, Puti ikh Rekonstruktsii i Isopol'zovanya". pp. 42-53, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
40. Bordovsky, O.K. (1974). "Organic Matter in Marine and Oceanic Sediments in the Stage of Early Diagenesis". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
41. Bordovsky, O.K., Sokolova, M.N., Smirnov, B.A., Akhmet'eva, E.A. and Zezina, O.N. (1974). Evaluation of the role of the benthic population in the transformation of organic matter of sediments (with reference to deep-sea benthic deposit feeders of Kuril-Kamchatka Trench). Okeanologiya 14(1), 161-166. (In Russian with English abstract). English translation: Oceanology 14(1), 128-132.
42. Borutskii, E.V. and Verigina, I.A. (1961). Anatomical characteristics of fish determining the type of feeding. In "Metodicheskoe Posobie po Izucheniyu Pitaniya i Pishchevykh Otnoshenii Ryb v Estestvennykh Usloviyakh", pp. 10-23. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
43. Bouland, C., Massin, C. and Jangoux, M. (1982). The fine structure of the buccal tentacles of Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea). Zoomorphology 101(2), 133-149.
44. Bowman, T.E. and Manning, R.B. (1972). Two arctic bathyal crustaceans: the shrimp Bythocaris cryonesus new species and the amphipod Eurythenes gryllus, with in situ photographs from Ice Island t-3. Cnistaceana 23(2), 187-201.
45. Branchi, A.J., Branchi, M., Scoditti, P.M. and Bensoussan, M.G. (1979). Distribution des populations bactériennes heterotrophes dans les sediments et les tractus digestifs d'animaux benthiques recueillis dans la faille Vema et les plaines abyssales de Demerara et de la Gambie. Vie marine. Marseille 1, 7-12.
46. Burnett, B.R. (1977). Quantitative sampling of microbiota of the deep-sea benthos. 1. Sampling techniques and some data from the abyssal central North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research 24(8), 781-789.
47. Burnett, B.R. (1981). Quantitative sampling of nanobiota (microbiota) of the deep-sea benthos. HI. The bathyal San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Research 28A(7), 649-663.
48. Bussau, C., Schriever, G. and Thiel, H. (1995). Evaluation of abyssal metazoan meiofauna from a manganese nodule area of the eastern South Pacific. Vie Mileu 45(1), 39-48.
49. Carey, A.G. (1972). Food sources of sublittoral, bathyal and abyssal asteroids in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Ophelia 10, 35-47.
50. Cherkashina, N.Ya. (1972). Feeding of the crustaceans Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi Batt and Astacus pachypus (Rathke (fam. Astacidae) in the Turkmenian waters of the Caspian Sea. Proceedings of Ail-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow 90, 55-71. (In Russian.)
51. Chistikov, S.D. (1982). The present-day scaphopod mollusks of the Family Entalinidae (Schaphopoda: Gadilida). 2. Subfamily Heteroschimoidinae. Zoologicheskii Zhumal 61(9), 1309-1323. (In Russian with English summary).
52. Cohnheim, O. (1901). Versuche über Resorption, Verdauung und Stoffwechsel von Echinodermen. Zeitschrift fiir Physiologiche Chemie 33, 9-54.
53. Crozier, W.J. (1918). The amount of bottom material ingested by holothurian (Stichopus). Journal of Experimental Zoology 26, 379-389.
54. Cutler, E.B. (1977). The bathyal and abyssal Sipuncula. Calathea Report 14, 135-156.
55. Cutler, E.B. and Cutler, N.J. (1980). Deep-water Sipuncula from the Gulf of Gascogne. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 60, 44959.
56. Dahl, E. (1979). Deep-sea carrion feeding amphipods: evolutionary patterns in niche adaptation. Oikos 33(2), 167-175.
57. Davies, G.D. (1987). "Aspects of the biology and ecology of deep-sea Scaphopoda". PhD Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.
58. Dayton, P. and Hessler, R. (1972). Role of biological disturbance in maintaining diversity in the deep-sea. Deep-Sea Research 19(3), 199-208.
59. Dinet, A. (1973). Distribution quantitative du meiobenthos profound dans la région de la dorsale de Walvis (Sud-Ouest Africain). Marine Biology 20(1), 20-26.
60. Eichelbaum, E. (1910). Über Narung und Emährungsorgane von Echinodermata. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen N.F.ll, Abt. Kiel, 187-275.
61. Emel'yanov, E.M. and Romankevich, E.A. (1979). Organic matter. In "Geochemistry of the Atlantic Ocean. Organic Matter and Phosphorus" (A.P. Lisitsyn, éd.), pp. 32-102. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
62. Emel'yanov, E.M., Lisitsyn, A.P. and Il'in, A.V. (eds) (1975). "Types of Bottom Sediments of the Atlantic Ocean". Results of Researches on the International Geophysical Projects. Academii Nauk SSSR, Kaliningrad. (In Russian).
63. Ericson, D.B., Ewing, M., Wollin, G., Heezen, B.C. (1961). Atlantic deep-sea sediment cores. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 72, 193-285.
64. Fauchald, K. and Jumars, P. (1979). The diet of worms: a study of the polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 17, 193-284.
65. Filatova, Z.A. (1958). Some new species of bivalve molluscs from the northwestern Pacific. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademia Nauk SSSR 27, 280-218. (In Russian).
66. Filatova, Z.A. (1976). Species composition of the deep-sea bivalve mollusk genus Spinula (Dall, 1908) (Malletiidae) and their distribution in the World Ocean. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 99, 219-240. (In Russian with English summary).
67. Filatova, Z.A. and Shileiko, A.A. (1984). The size, structure and distribution of the deep-sea family Ledellidae (Bivalvia, Protobranchia) in the World Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 119, 106-144. (In Russian with English summary).
68. Foell, E.J. and Pawson, D.L. (1986). Photographs of invertebrate megafauna from abyssal depths of the north-eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Ohio Journal of Science 86, 61-68.
69. Foumier, R.O. (1973). Studies on pigmented microorganisms from aphotic marine environments. Pt. 3. Evidence of apparent utilization by benthic and pelagic Tunicata. Limnology and Oceanography 18(1), 38-43.
70. Fowler, S.W. and Knauer, G.A. (1986). Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water column. Progress in Oceanography 16, 147-194.
71. Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A. (1991). "Deep-sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep-sea Floor". Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
72. Gebruk, A.V. (1992). The problem of the life form conception with reference to the Echinodermata. Uspekhy sovremennoy biologii, Akademia Nauk Rossii, Moskva 53(2), 176-185. (In Russian with English title).
73. Gerlach, S.A. (1977). On food-chain and productivity relationships of macrofauna, meiofauna and bacteria. Third International Meiofauna Conference, Hamburg, p. 1.
74. Gooday, A.J. (1988). A response by benthic Foraminifera to the deposition of phytodetritus in the deep-sea. Nature 332, 70-73.
75. Gooday, A.J., Levin, L.A., Linke, P. and Heeger, T. (1992). The role of benthic Foraminifera in deep-sea food webs and carbon cycling. In "Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Gobal Carbon Cycle" (G.T. Rovve and V. Pariente, eds), pp. 63-91. Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands.
76. Cowing, M.M. and Silver, M.W. (1983). Origins and microenvironments of bacteria mediating fecal pellet decomposition in the sea. Marine Biology 73, 7-16.
77. Grasshoff, M. (1981). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Ergebnisse der französichen Expeditionen BIOGAS, POLYGAS, GEOMANCHE, INCAL, NORATLANTE und fahrten der "Thalassa". II. Taxonomischen Teil. Bulletin du Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Zoologie, Series 4 3A, 941-978.
78. Grassle, J.F., Morse-Porteous, L.S. (1987). Macrofaunal colonization of disturbed deep-sea environments and the structure of deep-sea benthic communities. Deep-Sea Research 34A, 1911-1950.
79. Grassle, J.F., Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R., Rowe, G.T. and McLellan, T. (1975). Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal megafauna using the research submersible "Alvin". Deep-Sea Research 22(7), 45781.
80. Greenslate, J., Hessler, R.R. and Thiel, H. (1974). Manganese nodules are alive and well in the sea floor. Proceedings of Marine Technology Society, Tenth Annual Conference, 171-181.
81. Griggs, G.B., Carey, A.G. and Kulm, L.D. (1969). Deep-sea sedimentation and sediment-fauna interaction in Cascadia Channel and on Cascadia Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Research 16(2), 157-170.
82. Haedrich, R.L., and Rowe, G.T. (1977). Megafaunal biomass in the deep-sea. Nature 269(5624), 141-142.
83. Haedrich, R.L., Rowe, G.T. and Polloni, P.T. (1975). Zonation and faunal composition of epibenthic populations on the continental slope south of New England. Journal of Marine Research 33(2), 191-212.
84. Haedrich, R.L., Rowe, G.T., and Polloni, P.T. (1980). The megabenthic fauna in the deep-sea south of New England, USA. Marine Biology 57(3), 165-179.
85. Hamilton, R.D., Holm-Hansen, O. and Strickland, J.D.H. (1968). Notes on the occurrence of living microscopic organisms in deep water. Deep-Sea Research 15(6), 77.
86. Hammond, L.S. (1982). Patterns of feeding and activity in deposit feeding holothurians and echinoids (Echinodermata) from a shallow back-reef lagoon, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science 32(2), 549-571.
87. Hargrave, B.T. (1985). Feeding rates of abyssal scavenging amphipods (Eurythenes gryllus) determined by in situ time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea Research 32A, 44350.
88. Hauksson, E. (1979). Feeding biology of Stichopus tremulus, a deposit feeding holothurian. Sarsia 64(3), 155-160.
89. Hessler, R.R. (1974). The structure of deep benthic communities from central oceanic waters. In "The Biology of the Oceanic Pacific" (C.B. Miller, éd.), pp. 79-93. Oregon State University Press.
90. Hessler, R.R. and Jumars, P.A. (1974). Abyssal community analysis from replicate box cores in the central North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research 21, 185-209.
91. Hessler, R.R. and Sanders, H.L. (1967). Faunal diversity in the deep-sea. Deep-Sea Research 14, 65-78.
92. Hessler, R.R., Isaacs, J.D. and Mills, B.W. (1972). Giant amphipod from the abyssal Pacific
93. Ocean. Science 175(4002), 636-637.
94. Hollister, C.D., Nowell, A.R.M. and Jumars, P.A. (1984). The dynamic abyss. Scientific American 250(3), 32-43.
95. Honjo, S. (1978). Sedimentation of materials in Sargasso Sea at a 5367 m deep station. Journal of Marine Research 36(3), 469-492.
96. Honjo, S., Doherty, K.W., Agrawal, Y.C. and Asper, V.L. (1984). Direct optical assessment of large amorphous aggregates (marine snow) in the deep-ocean. Deep-Sea Research 31A, 67-76.
97. Hunt, O.D. (1925). The food of the bottom fauna of the Plymouth fishing grounds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 13(3), 560-599.
98. Hyman, L. (1955). "The Invertebrates. Vol. 4, Echinodermata". McGraw-Hill, New York.
99. Isaacs, J.D. and Schwartzlose, R.A. (1975). Active animals of the deep-sea floor. Scientific American 233(4), 89-91.
100. Jannasch, H.W. and Wirsen, C.O. (1973). Deep-sea microorganisms in situ response to nutrient enrichment. Science 180, 641-643.
101. Jannasch, H.W., Eihnjellen, K., Wirsen, C.O. and Farmanfarmanian, A. (1970). Microbial degradation of organic matter in the deep-sea. Science 171, 672-675.
102. Jørgensen, C.B. (1966): "Biology of Suspension Feeding". Pergamon Press, Oxford.
103. Jumars, P.A. and Fauchald, K. (1977). Between-community contrasts in successful polychaete feeding strategies. In "Ecology of Marine Benthos" (B.C. Coull, éd.), pp. 1-20. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.
104. Jumars, P.A. and Gallagher, E.D. (1982). Deep-sea community structure three plays on the benthic proscenium. In "The Environment of the Deep-Sea" (W.G. Ernst, J.C. Morin, eds), pp. 217-255. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
105. Jumars, P.A., Mayer, L.M., Deming, J.W., Baross, J.A. and Wheatcroft, R.A. (1990). Deep-sea deposit-feeding strategies suggested by environmental and feeding constraints. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A331, 85-101.
106. Kamenskaya, O.E. (1977). "Deep-sea Amphipods (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) of 4he Pacific Ocean". Thesis for the award of the Degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences, Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian).
107. Kamenskaya, O.E. (1978). Quantitative distribution of deep-sea amphipods. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 113, 22-27. (In Russian with English summary).
108. Kamenskaya, O.E. (1980). Deep-sea amphipods (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the collections of the expedition of the drifting station "Severnyi Polyus-22". In "Biologia Tzentral'nogo Arkticheskogo Basseina", pp. 241-251, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
109. Kamenskaya, O.E. (1984). Ecological classification of deep-sea amphipods. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 119, 154-160. (In Russian with English summary).
110. Karl, D.M., Knauer, G.A. and Martin, J.H. (1988). Downward flux of particle organic matter in the ocean: a particle decomposition paradox. Nature 332, 438-441.
111. Keller, N.B. (1976). Deep-sea madreporarian corals of the genus Fungiacyathus from the Kuril-Kamchatka, Aleutian trenches and other regions of the World Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 99, 31-44. (In Russian with English summary).
112. Keller, N.B. (1982). New data on the madreporarian corals of the genus Deltocyathus (family Caryophylllidae Gray, 1847). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 117, 147-150. (In Russian with English summary).
113. Khripounoff, A. and Sibuet, M. (1980). La nutrition d'echinodermes abyssaux. I. Alimentation des holothuries. Marine Biology 60(1), 17-26.
114. Knudsen, J. (1967). The deep-sea Bivalvia. "John Murray" Expedition, 1933-1934, Scientific Report 11(3), 237-343.
115. Knudsen, J. (1970). The systematics and biology of abyssal and hadal Bivalvia. Galathea Report 11, 236-241.
116. Knudsen, J. (1979). Deep-sea bivalves. In "Pathways in Malacology" (S. van der Spoel, A.C. van Bruggen and J. Lever, eds), pp. 195-224, Bohn, Scheltema, Holkema, Utrecht.
117. Koblentz-Mishke, O.I. (1977). Primary production. In "Oceanologia, Biologia Okeana", Vol. 1 (A.S. Monin and M.E. Vinogradov, eds), pp. 62-64. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
118. Koltun, V.M. (1970). Deep-water Spongia fauna of the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 86,165-221. (In Russian with English summary).
119. Korovchinskii, N.M. (1974). "Systematics, distribution and some features of the biology of deep-water asteroids of the family Brisingidae". Moscow State University, Moscow. (In Russian).
120. Kott, P. (1969). Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series 13, 1-239.
121. Kozjar, L.A., Sokolova, M.N. and Zezina, O.N. (1974). Spores and pollen of higher plants in the feeding of marine invertebrates. Okeanologiya 4(3), 522-525. (In Russian with English summary).
122. Krank, K. and Milligan, T.G. (1988). Macroflocs from diatoms: in situ photography of particles in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 44, 183-189.
123. Kucheruk, N.V. (1978). Deep-sea Onuphidae (Polychaeta) from the collections of the 16th voyage of the research ship the "Dmitry Mendeleev". Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 113, 88-106. (In Russian with English summary).
124. Kucheruk, N.V. (1979). On Zoogeographie zonation of the abyssobenthic zone. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, Seriya biologicheskaya, Moskva 84(5), 60-66. (In Russian with English abstract).
125. Kucheruk, N.V. (1981) On the regularities of the distribution patterns of dasp-sea Polychaeta of the eastern Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 115, 37-52. (In Russian with English summary).
126. Kuznetsov, A.P. (1963). "Benthic Invertebrate Fauna of the Kamchatka Waters of the Pacific Ocean and Northern Kuril Islands". Izdatelstvo Akedemii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian).
127. Kuznetsov, A.P. (1964). Distribution of the benthic fauna of the western part of Bering Sea according to trophic zones and some problems of trophic zonation. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 69, 98-177. (In Russian with English summary).
128. Kuznetsov, A.P. (1974). Trophic structure of marine benthic fauna as an indicator of physico-chemical regime in the sea. In "Gidrobiologiya i Biogeografiya Shel'fov Umerennykh i Kholodnykh Vod Mirovogo Okeana", pp. 33-34, Zoologicheskyi Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. (In Russian).
129. Kuznetsov, A.P. (1980). "Ecology of the Benthic Communities of Shelf Zones of the World Ocean". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
130. Kuznetsov, A.P., Osipova, A.N. and Gekker, R.F. (1979). Trophic status of benthic population of the Fergana Bay of the Paleogene Tethys Sea and its changes in relation to the variation in paleoecological conditions (paleo-ecological reconstruction from the results of trophological analysis). In "E'kologia Donnogo Naseleniya Shel'fovoi Zony" (A.P. Kuznetsov, éd.), pp. 78-87. Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian).
131. Lampitt, R.S. (1985). Evidence for the seasonal deposition of detritus to the deep-sea floor and its subsequent resuspension. Deep-Sea Research 32, 885-897.
132. Lampitt, R.S., Billett, D.S.M. and Rice, A.L. (1986). Biomass of the invertebrate megabenthos from 500 to 4100 m in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology 93, 69-81.
133. Laubier, L. and Sibuet, M. (1977). Résultats des campagnes BIOGAS 3 août 1972-2 novembre 1974. Résultats des Campagnes àla Mer Centre National pour l'Exploration des Océans 11, 1-11.
134. Lebedeva, L.P., Vinogradov, M.E., Shushkina, E.A. and Sazin, A.F. (1982). Estimating the rates of detritus formation in marine planktonic communities. Okeanohgiya 22, 652-659.
135. Lemche, H., Hansen, B., Madsen, F.J., Tendal, O.S. and Wolff, T. (1976). Hadal life as analyzed from photographs. Vldenskabelige meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 139, 263-336.
136. Levenstein, R.Ya. (1970). Ecology and zoogeography of some representatives of the family Opheliidae (Polychaeta, Annelida) of the Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 88, 213-226. (In Russian with English summary).
137. Levin, V.S. and Voronova, E.I. (1979). Assimilation of bacterial food by the Far Eastern trepang. In "Materialy 4-go Vsesoyuznogo Kollokviuma po Iglozhim (O.S. Gongadze, éd.), pp. 121-123. Tbilisi. (In Russian).
138. Lipps, J.H. and Hickman, C.S. (1982). Origin, age and evolution of Antarctic and deep-sea fauna. In "The Environment of the Deep Sea" (W.G. Emst and J.G. Morin, eds), pp. 324-356. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
139. Lisitsyn, A.P. (1971). The rate of contemporary sediment accumulation in oceans. Okeanologiya 11(6), 957-968. (In Russian with English summary).
140. Lisitsyn, A.P. (1974). "Sediment Formation in the Oceans". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
141. Lisitsyn, A.P. (1981). Zonation of the natural environment and sediment formations in oceans. In "Klimaticheskaya Zonal'nost' i Osadkonakoplenie" (A.P. Lisitsyn, éd.), pp. 5-45. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
142. Lisitsyn, A.P. and Vinogradov, M.E. (1982). Global patterns of distribution of life in,the ocean and their reflection in the composition of benthic sediments. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 4, 5-24. (In Russian with English title).
143. Litvinova, N.M. (1979). On the feeding of ophiuroids. Zoologicheskii Zlntmal 58(10), 1501-1410. (In Russian with English summary).
144. Litvinova, N.M. and Sokolova, M.N. (1971). On the feeding of deep-sea ophiuroids of the genus Amphiophiura. Okeanologiya 11(2), 293-301. (In Russian with English summary).
145. Lochte, G.R. and Turley, C.M. (1988). Bacteria and cyanobacteria associated with phytodetritus in the deep-sea. 333, 67-69.
146. Lopez, G.R. and Levinton, J.S. (1987). Ecology of deposit-feeding animals in marine sediments. The Quarterly Review of Biology 62, 235-260.
147. MacArthur, R.H. (1972). "Geographical Ecology. Patterns in the Distribution of Species". Harper & Row, New York.
148. Madin, L.P. (1982). Production, composition and sedimentation of salp fecal pellets in oceanic waters. Marine Biology 67(1), 3915.
149. Madsen, F.T. (1961). The Porcellanasteridae: A monographic revision of an abyssal group of sea-stars. Galathea Report 4, 33-176.
150. Mel'nikov, I.A. (1975a). Microplankton and organic detritus in the southeastern Pacific. Okeanologiya 15(1), 146-156. (In Russian with English summary).
151. Mel'nikov, I.A. (1975b). The finely-dispersed fraction of the suspended organic matter in the waters of the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. Okeanologiya 15(2), 266-271. (In Russian with English summary).
152. Mel'nikov, I.A. (1976). Morphological characteristics of the organic detritus particles. Okeanologiya 16(4), 679-702. (In Russian with English summary).
153. Menzel, D.W. (1974). Primary productivity, dissolved and paniculate organic matter and the sites of oxidation of organic matter. "The Sea", Vol. 5 (E. Goldberg, ed.), pp. 659-678. Wiley, New York.
154. Meyer, D.L. (1973). Feeding behavior and ecology of shallow-water unstalked crinoids (Echinodermata) in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biology 22(2), 105-129.
155. Millar, R.H. (1958). Asciidacea. Galathea Report 10, 7-90.
156. Mironov, A.N. (1975). Mode of life of pourtalesiid sea urchins (Echinoidea, Pourtalesiidae). Tnidy Institute Okeanologii Akadeinii Nauk SSSR 103,281-288. (In Russian with English summary).
157. Monniot, C. (1984). Composition des peuplements benthiques abyssaux; résultats des campagnes SAFARI dans l'Océan Indien. Comité National Français des Recherches Antarctiques 55, 49-68.
158. Moore, H., Manship, B. and Roberts, D. (1995). Gut structure and digestive strategies in three species of abyssal holothurians. In "Echinoderm Research" (R.H. Emson, A.B. Smith and A.C. Campbell, eds), pp. 111-119. Balkema, Rotterdam.
159. Moriarty, D.J.W. (1982). Feeding of Holotlutria atra and Stichopus chloronotus on bacteria, organic carbon and organic nitrogen in sediments of the Great Barrier Reef. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33(2), 255-263.
160. Monta, R.Y. (1979). Deep-sea microbial energetics. Sarsia 64(1), 9-12.
161. Mosher, C. (1980). Distribution of Holothuria arenicola Semper in the Bahamas with observation on habitat, behavior and feeding activity (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea). Bulletin of Marine Science 30(1), 1-12.
162. Murdmaa, I.O. (1979a). Oceanic facies. In "Okeanologia. Osadkoobrazovanie i Magmatizm Okeana" (A.S. Monin and P.L. Bezrukov, eds), pp. 269-306. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
163. Murdmaa, I.O. (1979b). Conditions of accumulation of sedimentary formations. In "Geologicheskie Formasii Severo-zapadnoi chasti Atlanticheskogo Okeana", pp, 167-185. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
164. Murdmaa, I.O. (1982). Near-continental marine and oceanic facies and their paleooceanographic interpretation. In "Lavinnaya Sedimentatsiya v Okeane" (A.P. Lisitsyn, éd.), pp. 71-82. Isdatel'stvo Rostovskogo Universiteta, Rostov. (In Russian).
165. Murdmaa, I.O. (1987). "Ocean Facies". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
166. Murdmaa, I.O., Skornyakova, N.S. and Agapova, G.V. (1976). The facies status of distribution of iron-manganese concretions in the Pacific Ocean. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 109, 7-25. (In Russian with English summary).
167. Murdmaa, I.O., Svalnov, V.N. and Skornyakova, N.S. (1989). Facies division of the Indian Ocean. In "Zelezo-margancevyi konkrecii Central'noy kotloviny Indijskogo Okeana", Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
168. Murina, V.V. (1979). "Marine sipunculid worms of the World Ocean". Dissertation for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences, Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. (In Russian).
169. Newell, R. (1965). The role of detritus in the nutrition of two marine deposit-feeders, the prosobranch Hydrobia ulvae and the bivalve Macoma baltica. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 144, 25-45.
170. Neyman, A.A. (1961). Some patterns of quantitative distribution of
171. Neyman, A. A. ( 1963). Quantitative distribution of benthos on the shelf and upper horizons of the slope of the eastern part of the Bering Sea. Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography 48, 145-205. Moscow. (In Russian).
172. Neyman, A.A. (1971). Bcnthic population of shelves of the northern part of the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography 72, 56-64. Moscow. (In Russian).
173. Neyman, A.A. (1975). Distribution of some species of invertebrates on the shelf of the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva ispytatelei Prirody, Moskva, Séria biologicheskaya 80(3), 42-50. (In Russian with English summary).
174. Neyman, A.A. (1988). "Quantitative distribution and trophical structure of benthos on the shelves of the World Ocean". Science Report. Informcentre VNTRO, Moscow. (In Russian).
175. Odum, E.P. (1975). "Fundamentals of Ecology". Mir, Moscow. (Russian translation).
176. Oliver, G. and Allen, J.A. (1980). The functional and adaptative morphology of the deep-sea species of the Arcacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Atlantic. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B291, 6-76.
177. Pasternak, F.A. (1958). Deep-sea Antipatharia of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 27, 180-191. (In Russian).
178. Pasternak, F.A. (1961a). New data on the specific composition and distribution of deep-sea Pennatularia of the genus Kophobelemnon in the northern Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 45, 240-258. (In Russian with English summary).
179. Pasternak, F.A. (1961b). Pennatularia (Octocorallia) and Antipatharia (Hexacorallia) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition during 1955-1958. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 46, 217-230. (In Russian).
180. Pasternak, F.A. (1962). Pennatularia of the genus Umbellula Cuvier (Coelenterata, Octocorallia) from the Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. In "Issledovaniya fauny morei", 1(9), pp. 105-128. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk, Leningrad. (In Russian).
181. Pasternak, F.A. (1964). Deep-sea pennatularians (Octocorallia) and antipatharians (Hexacorallia) obtained by the R/S Vityaz in the Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 69, 183-215. (In Russian with English summary).
182. Pasternak, F.A. (1970). Sea feathers (Octocorallia. Pennatularia) found in the ul;ra-abyssal zone on the Kuril-Kamchatka Basin. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 86, 236-248. (In Russian).
183. Pasternak, F.A. (1973). Deep water sea-feathers (Octocorallia, Pennatularia) of the Aleutian Trench and Gulf of Alaska. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 91, 108-127. (In Russian with English summary).
184. Pasternak, F.A. (1975a). The deep-sea pennatularians of the genus Umbellula from the Caribbean Sea and Puerto-Rico Trench. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 100, 160-173. (In Russian with English summary).
185. Pasternak, F.A. (1975b). New data on the specific composition and distribution of deep-sea pennatularians (Pennatularia, Octocorallia) of the Peru-Chile region of the Pacific Ocean and the south Atlantic Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 103, 101-118. (In Russian with English summary).
186. Pasternak, F.A. (1976). New data on the composition and distribution of the deep-sea antipatharians (Hexacorallia, Antipatharia) in Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 99, 45-58. (In Russian with English summary).
187. Pasternak, F.A. (1977). Antipatharia. Galathea Report 14, 157-164.
188. Patterson, D.J. (1990). Jakoba libéra (Ruinan, 1938), a heterotrophic flagellate from deep-oceanic sediments. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, 381-393.
189. Paul, A.Z., Thorndike, E.M., Sullivan, L.G., Heezen, B.C. and Gerard, R.D. (1978). Observations of the deep-sea floor from 202 days of time-lapse photography. Nature 272(5656), 812-814.
190. Petersen, C.G.J. and Boysen-Jensen, P. (1911). Animal life of the sea-bottom, its food and quantity. Report of Danish Biological Station 20, 3-81.
191. Phillips, N.W. (1984). Role of different microbes and substrates as potential suppliers of specific, essential nutrients to marine detritivores. Bulletin of Marine Science 35, 283-298.
192. Polloni, P.T., Haedrich, R.L., Rowe, G.T. and Clifford, C.H. (1979). The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 65(1), 39-46.
193. Reichardt, W.T. (1987). Burial of Antarctic macroalgal debris in bioturbated deep-sea sediments. Deep-Sea Research 34A, 1761-1770.
194. Renaud-Mornant, J. and Helleouet, M. (1977). Rapport micro-meiobenthos et Holodeima atra (Holothurioidea) dans un lagon Polynésien (Tîahura, Moorea, île de la Société). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie Séries 3, 331, 853-865.
195. Rex, M.A. (1976). Biological accommodation in the deep-sea benthos: comparative evidence on the importance of prédation and productivity. Deep-Sea Research 23(11), 975- 987.
196. Rice, A.L., Aldred, R.G., Billett, D.S.M. and Thurston, M.H. (1979). The combined use of an epibenthic sledge and a deep-sea camera to give relevance to macro-benthos samples. Ambio Special Report 6, 59-72.
197. Rice, A.L., Billett, D.S.M., Fry, J., John, A.W.G., Lampitt, R.S., Mantoura, R.F.C. and Morris, RJ. (1986). Seasonal deposition of phytodetritus to the deep-sea floor. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 88B, 265-279.
198. Rice, A.L., Angel, M.V., Grassle, J.F., Hargrave, B.T., Hessler, R.R., Harikoshi, U., Lochte, K., Sibuet, M., Smith, K.L., Thiel, H. and Vinogradova, N. (1994). Suggested criteria for describing deep-sea benthic communities; the final report of SCOR Working Group 76. Progress in Oceanography 34, 81-100.
199. Riemann, F. (1989). Gelatinous phytoplankton detritus aggregates on the Atlantic deep-sea bed. Structure and mode of formation. Marine Biology 100, 533-539.
200. Robison, B.H. and Bailey, T.G. (1981). Sinking rates and dissolution of midwater fish fecal matter. Marine Biology 65(2), 135-142.
201. Rodina, A.G. (1966). The food value and composition of detritus. In "Biologicheskie Resursy Vodoemov, Putikh Rekonstruktsii i Ispol'zovaniya" (V.G. Bogorov, éd.), pp. 35-42. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
202. Romankevich, E.A. (1968). Distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen in contemporary and Quaternary sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Okeanologiya 8(5), 825-837. (In Russian with English summary).
203. Romankevich, E.A. (1970). Organic matter in the sediments. In "The Pacific Ocean. Sedimentation in the Pacific Ocean", Vol. 2, pp. 107-159. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian with English titles).
204. Romankevich, E.A. (1971). The relationship of organic matter of suspension, benthic sediments and benthos with biological productivity. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 198(5), 1199-1203. (In Russian with English summary).
205. Romankevich, E.A. (1974). Biological composition of sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye 1, 27-40. (In Russian with English title).
206. Romankevich, E.A. (1977). "Geochemistry of Organic Matter in the Ocean". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian, English translation, 1984, Springer, Berlin).
207. Rowe, G.T. (1971a). Benthic biomass in the Pisco, Peru upwelling. Investigacions Pesqueras 35(1), 127-135.
208. Rowe, G.T. (1971b). Benthic biomass and surface productivity. In "Fertility of the Sea", Los Angeles, 2 (J.D. Costlow, éd.), pp. 441-454. Gordon & Breach, New York.
209. Rowe, G.T. and Gardner, W.D. (1979). Sedimentation rates in the slope water of the north-west Atlantic Ocean measured directly with sediment traps. Journal of Marine Research 37(3), 581-600.
210. Rowe, G.T. and Menzel, D.W. (1971). Quantitative benthic samples from the deep Gulf of Mexico with some comments on the measurement of deep-sea biomass. Bulletin of Marine Science 21(2), 556-566.
211. Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R. (1969). Ecology of the deep-sea benthos. Science 163(3874), 1419-1424.
212. Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R. and Hampson, G.R. (1965). An introduction to the study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-Bermuda Transect. Deep-Sea Research 12(6), 845-867.
213. Shorygin, A.A. (1939). Feeding, selectivity and trophic interrelationships of some Gobiidae of the Caspian Sea. Zoologiclieskii Zlmrnal 18(1), 27-53. (in Russian with English title and summary).
214. Shorygin, A.A. (1952). "Feeding and Trophic Interrelation of Fish of the Caspian Sea." Pishepromizdat, Moscow. (In Russian).
215. Schulenberger, E. and Barnard, J.L. (1976). Amphipods from an abyssal trap set in the North Pacific Gyre. Crustaceana 31, 241-258.
216. Schulenberger, E. and Hessler, R. (1974). Scavenging abyssal benthic amphipods trapped under oligotrophic central North Pacific Gyre waters. Marine Biology 28(3), 185-187.
217. Sibuet, M. and Lawrence, J.M. (1981). Organic content and biomass of abyssal holothuroids (Echinodermata) from the bay of Biscay. Marine Biology 65(2), 143-147.
218. Silver, M.W. and Alldredge, A.L. (1981). Bathypelagic marine snow. Deep-sea algal and detrital community. Journal of Marine Research 39(3), 501-530.
219. Skomyakova, N.S. (1983). Regional variations in composition of ferromanganese nodules from the Indian Ocean. Litologia i Poeznye Iskopaemye 4, 117-128. (In Russian with English title).
220. Skomyakova, N.S. (1986). Local variability of fields of ferromanganese nodules. In "Ferromanganese nodules of the central Pacific Ocean" (I.O. Murdmaa and N.S. Skomyakova, eds), pp. 109-179. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
221. Skomyakova, N.S. and Murdmaa, I.O. (1968). Lithologo-facies types of deep-sea pelagic (red) clays of the Pacific Ocean. Litologia i Poleyiye Iskopaemye 6, 17-37. (In Russian with English title).
222. Skomyakova, N.S. and Murdmaa, I.O. (1986). Formation of ferromanganese nodule ore deposits in the radiolarian belt and geological criteria of their prospecting. In "Ferromanganese Nodules of the Central Pacific Ocean" (I.O. Murdmaa and N.S. Skomyakova, eds), pp. 297-316. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian with English title).
223. Skomyakova, N.S. and Murdmaa, I.O. (1992). Local variations in distribution and composition of ferromanganese nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Province. Marine Geologie 103(2), 381-405.
224. Skomyakova, N.S. and Zenkevich, N.L. (1976). Patterns of spatial distribution of ferro-manganese nodules. In "Ferro-manganese Nodules of the Pacific Ocean" (P.L. Bezrukov, éd.), pp. 37-76. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
225. Smetacek, V.S. (1985). The role of sinking in diatom life-history cycles: ecological, evolutionary and geological significance. Marine Biology 84, 239-251.
226. Smith, C.R. (1985). Food for the deep-sea: utilization, disperal and flux of neckton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea Research 32A, 417-442.
227. Smith, C.R. (1986). Neckton falls, low-intensity disturbance and community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep-sea. Journal of Marine Research 44, 567-600.
228. Smith, K.L. and Baldwin, R.J. (1982). Scavenging deep-sea amphipods: effects of food odor on oxygen consumption and a proposal metabolic strategy. Marine Biology 68(3), 387-398.
229. Sokolova, M.N. (1954). "The feeding and food groups of deep-sea benthos of the Far Eastern seas". Dissertation. Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow.
230. Sokolova, M.N. (1956). Feeding in deep-sea benthos. Feeding in Laetmonice producta var. wyvillei Mclntosh. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 110(6), 1111-1114. (In Russian with English summary).
231. Sokolova, M.N. (1957a). Feeding in some carnivorous invertebrates of the deep-sea benthos of the Far Eastern Seas and northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 20, 279-301. (In Russian, English translation.) In Nikitin, B.N. (ed.) (1959). "Marine Biology" pp. 227-244, American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, DC.
232. Sokolova, M.N. (1957b). The nourishment of some species of the Crangonidae of Far Eastern seas. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 23, 269-285. (In Russian).
233. Sokolova, M.N. (1958). Feeding of deep-sea invertebrates. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 27, 123-153. (In Russian).
234. Sokolova, M.N. (1960a). On some pecularities of distribution of benthic communities in the northwestern Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR34,336-342. (In Russian).
235. Sokolova, M.N. (1960b). The distribution of the groupings (biocenoses) of the bottom fauna of the deep-sea trenches in northwestern Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 34, 21-59. (In Russian).
236. Sokolova, M.N. (1962). On trophic zonation in the distribution of benthos of the northern half of Pacific Ocean. In "Voprosy E'kologii", pp. 201-203, Publishing House Kievskogo Universiteta, Kiev. (In Russian).
237. Sokolova, M.N. (1964). On some regularities involved with the distribution of food groupings in the abyssal benthos. Okeanologiya 4(6), 1079-1088. (In Russian).
238. Sokolova, M.N. (1965). On the irregularity in the distribution of nutrition groupings of deep-sea benthos in connection with the irregularity of sedimentation. Okeanologiya 5(3), 498-506. (In Russian with English summary).
239. Sokolova, M.N. (1968). On the relations between the trophic groups of deep-sea macrobenthos and the composition of benthic sediments. Okeanologiya 8(3), 179-191. (In Russian with English summary).
240. Sokolova, M.N. (1969). Patterns of distribution of deep-sea benthic invertebrates depending on the mode and conditions of their feeding. In "Pacific Ocean. Biology of the Ocean", Vol. 2. The Deep-sea Bottom Fauna and the Pleuston" (V.G. Kort, éd.), pp. 182-210. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
241. Sokolova, M.N. (1970). Weight characteristics of meiobenthos of various regions of the deep-sea Trophic Areas of the Pacific Ocean. Okeanologiya 10(2), 348-356. (In Russian with English abstract).
242. Sokolova, M.N. (1972). Trophic structure of deep-sea macrobenthos. Marine Biology 16(1), 1-12.
243. Sokolova, M.N. (1976a). Large scale division of the ocean by the trophic structure of the deep-sea macrobenthos. Trudy Inslituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 99, 20-30. (In Russian with English summary).
244. Sokolova, M.N. (1976b). Trophic zonality of deep-water macrobenthos as an element of the biological structure of the ocean. Okeanologiya 16(2), 336-342. (In Russian with English summary).
245. Sokolova, M.N. (1977). Bottom animals adaptation to the utilization of organic matter from
246. bottom sediments. In "Okeanologiya. Biologiya Okeana" Vol. 1 (A.S. Monin and M.E. Vinogradov, eds), pp. 53-57. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
247. Sokolova, M.N. (1978). Trophic classification of the type of the distribution of deep-sea macrobenthos. DokladyAkademiiNaukSSSR 241(2), 471-474. (In Russian with English title and summary).
248. Sokolova, M.N. (1979). The global distribution of trophic zones on the ocean floor. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 246(1), 250-252. (In Russian with English summary).
249. Sokolova, M.N. (1981a). On characteristic features of the deep-sea benthic eutrophic regions of the World Ocean. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 115, 5-13. (In Russian with English summary).
250. Sokolova, M.N. (1981b). Trophic zones on the floor of the ocean and the characterization of their population. In "Biologiya Bol'shikh Glubin Tikhogo Okeana" (M.E. Vinogradov, ed.), Papers of the 14th International Pacific Science Congress, Khabarovsk, 1979, Section Marine Biology, 1 pp. 8-14. Institut Biologii Morya, Dal'nevostochni Nauchni Centr Akademii Nauka SSSR, Vladivostok. (In Russian with English summary).
251. Sokolova, M.N. (1982). On the nutrition of the polychaete Hannothoe derjugini in the abyssal zone of the Sea of Japan. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 117, 76-80. (In Russian with English summary).
252. Sokolova, M.N. (1984). About species composition of the population of the deep-sea trophic regions. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 119, 3316. (In Russian with English summary).
253. Sokolova, M.N. (1985). Trophic structure of the deep-water benthos. In "Oceanology. Biology of Ocean. Vol. 2. Biological Productivity of the Ocean" (M.E. Vinogradov, ed.), pp. 218-227. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center, Woods Hole, MA.
254. Sokolova, M.N. (1986). "Feeding and Trophic Structure in the Deep-sea Macrobenthos". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
255. Sokolova, M.N. (1987). Toward an evaluation of the mineral component in ;he food of deep-sea deposit feeders. In "Feeding of Marine Invertebrates and its Significance in Formation of Communities" (A.P. Kuznetsov and M.N. Sokolova, eds), pp. 83-96. Institut Okeanologiii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
256. Sokolova, M.N. (1988). On the feeding of the sea urchin Stereocidaris nascaensis Allison, in the southern part of Nazca Ridge. In "Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos" (A.P. Kuznetsov and M.N. Sokolova, eds), pp. 38-44. Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
257. Sokolova, M.N. (1990a). Feeding of various regular echinoid species in the regions of Nazca Ridge and Sala-y-Gomez rise. In "Feeding and Bioenergetics of Marine Bottom Invertebrates" (A.P. Kuznetsov, éd.), pp. 2847. Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
258. Sokolova, M.N. (1990b). Macrobenthic trophic structure on the Atlantic Ocean floor. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSR 126, 20-39. (In Russian with English summary).
259. Sokolova, M.N. (1991). Bottom population of deep trophic oceanic areas and possible ecological effects of large-scale extraction of manganese iron concretions. In "Biological Resources: The State, Prospects and Problems of their Rational Exploitation. Biotrophic Basis of Distribution of Commercial and Food Marine Animals: Collected Papers", pp. 24-33. VNIRO, Moscow. (In Russian).
260. Sokolova, M.N. (1993a). New data on the trophic structure of macrobenthos in the abyss of the Atlantic Ocean. Tmdy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk Rossii 127, 50-64. (In Russian with English summary).
261. Sokolova, M.N. (1993b). On the role of the euphausiids in feeding of deep-sea macrobenthos. In "Feeding of Marine Invertebrates in Different Vertical Zones and Latitudes" (A.P. Kuznetsov and M.N. Sokolova, eds), pp. 23-31. Institut Okeanologii Akademii Nauk Rossii, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
262. Sokolova, M.N. (1994a). Feeding peculiarities of macrobenthos from seamounts as seen in sea urchins. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk Rossii 129, 31-42. (In Russian with English summary).
263. Sokolova, M.N. (1994b). Euphausiid "dead body rain" as a source of food for abyssal benthos. Deep-Sea Research 41A(4), 741-746.
264. Sokolova, M.N. (1995). On feeding of some starfishes from the family Astropectinidae. In "The Composition and Distribution of Bottom Invertebrata" (A.P. Kuznetsov and O.N. Zezina, eds), pp. 19-32. Institut Okeanologiii Akademiii Nauk Rossii, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
265. Sokolova, M.N. and Murina, V.V. ( 1995). On the distribution of Echiura worms at the ocean floor in connection to the feeding conditions. In "The Composition and Distribution of Bottom Invertebrates" (A.P. Kuznetsov and O.N. Zezina, eds), pp. 3344. Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. (In Russian with English summary).
266. Sokolova, M.N., Vinogradova, N.G. and Burmistrova, I.I. (1995). "Rain of dead bodies" as a trophic source for the ultraabyssal macrobenthos in the Orkney trench. Okeanologiya 35(4), 587-591. (In Russian with English summary).
267. Southward, A.J. and Southward, E.G. (1982). The role of dissolved organic matter in the nutrition of deep-sea benthos. American Zoologist 22, 647-659.
268. Stockton, W.L. and Délaça, T.E. (1982). Food falls in the deep-sea; occurrence, quality and significance. Deep-Sea Research 29(2), 157-169.
269. Strel'tsov, V.E., Agarova, I.Ya. and Petukhov, V.A. (1974). Zoobenthos and estimate of organic matter in the marine benthic sediments of sandy littoral zone of Dalnyi Beach (Barents Sea). In "Donnye otlozheniya i Biogeotsenozy Barentseva i Belogo morei" (V.E. Strel'tsov, éd.), pp. 129-141. (In Russian).
270. Strickland, J.D. (1960). Measuring the production of marine phytoplankton. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa 122, 1-172.
271. Suchanek, T.H., Williams, S.L., Ogden, J.C., Hubbard, O.K. and Gill, I.P. (1986). Utilization of shallow-water seagrass detritus by Caribbean deep-sea macrofauna: 513C evidence. Deep-Sea Research 32A, 201-214.
272. Tarasov, V.G. (1978). Distribution and trophic zonation of the soft-bottom communities in the Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan). Biologiya Morya 1978(6), 16-22. (In Russian with English summary).
273. Tarasov, V.G. (1982). "Trophic structure and metabolism of benthic communities of soft beds of Vostok Bay of the Sea of Japan". Dissertation for the Award of the Degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences, Vladivostok. (In Russian).
274. Tarverdieva, M.I. (1974). The distribution and feeding habits of the young king crab Paralithodes camtschatica off western Kamchatka. Tmdy VNIRO 99, 54-62. (In Russian).
275. Tarverdieva, M.I. (1976). Feeding of Paralithodes camtschatica, Chionoecetes bairdi and C. opilio in the south-east of the Bering Sea. Biologiya Morya, 1976(1), 41-48. (In Russian).
276. Tarverdieva, M.I. (1978). Diurnal feeding cycle of the king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica. Biologiya Morya 1978(3), 91-95. (In Russian with English summary).
277. Tarverdieva, M.I. (1979). Feeding of the blue crab Paralithodes platypus in the Bering Sea. Biologiya Morya 1979(1), 53-57. (In Russian with English summary).
278. Tarverdieva, M.I. (1981). On feeding in the snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and C. Bairdi in the Bering Sea. Zoologicheskii Zhitrnal 60, 991-997. (In Russian with English summary.)
279. Tendal, O.S. (1979). Aspects of the biology of Komokiacea and Xenophyophoria. Sarsia 64(1), 13-17.
280. Thamdrup, H.M. (1935). Beiträge zur Ökologie der Wattenfauna auf experimentaller Grundlage. Meddelelser fra Kommisionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Serie Fisker 10(2), 1-125.
281. Thiel, H. (1972). Meiofauna und Struktur der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft des Iberischen Tiefseeboden. Meteor Forschungen Ergebnissen, Reihe, D, 12, 36-51.
282. Thiel, H. (1973). Der Aufbau der Lebensgemeinschaft am Tiefseebecken. Natur und Museum 103(2), 3916.
283. Thiel, H. (1975). The size structure of the deep-sea benthos. Internationale Revue des Gesamten Hydrobiologie 60(5), 575-606.
284. Thiel, H. (1979). Structural aspects of the deep-sea benthos. Ambio Special Report 6, 25-31.
285. Thiel, H. (1991). The requirement for additional research in the assessment of environmental disturbances associated with deep-seabed mining. /;; "Marine Biology, its Accomplishment and Future Prospects" (J. Mauchline and T. Nemoto, eds), pp. 133-144. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
286. Thiel, H. and Schneider, J. (1988). Manganese nodule-organisms interactions. In "The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean" (P. Halbach, G. Friedrich and U.v. Stakelberg, eds), pp. 102-110. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
287. Thiel, H. and Schriever, G. (1989). Cruise report DISCOL 1, Sonnecruise 61. Berichte aus dem Zentrum Meeres und Klimaforschung der Universität Hamburg 3, 1-75.
288. Thiel, H. and Schriever, G. (1990). Deep-sea bed mining, environmental impact and the DISCOL Project. Ambio 19, 245-250.
289. Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J., Hembleben, C., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W. and Riemann, F. {1988/1989). Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a central Oceanic region on the Northeast Atlantic. Biological Oceanography 6, 203-239.
290. Thiel, H., Schriever, G., Bussau, C., and Borowski, C. (1993). Manganese nodule crevice fauna. Deep-Sea Research 40A(2), 419-423.
291. Thorson, G. (1966). Some factors influencing the recruitment and establishment of marine benthic communities. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 3, 267-293.
292. Thurston, M.N. (1979). Scavenging abyssal amphipods from the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology 51(1), 55-68.
293. Tilot, V. (1992). "La structure des assemblages megabenthiques d'une province a nodules polymetalliques de l'Océan Pacifique Tropical Est". Thèse de doctorat en sciences de l'Univeristé de Bretagne Occidentale, Département de l'Environnment Profond, IFREMER, Centre de Brest.
294. Trent, J.D. (1985). "A study of macroaggregates in the marine environment" Ph.D. Thesis, University of California at San Diego, CA (cited by Thiel et al, 1988/1989).
295. Tseitlin, V.B. (1981). Estimating the vertical flow of detritus from the surface of the tropical ocean. Okeanologiya 21(4), 713-718. (In Russian with English summary).
296. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A. (1982). Food assimilibility in benthic mollusks. Okeanologiya 22(5), 833-838. (In Russian with English summary).
297. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A. and Soldatova, I.N. (1973). Assimilation of food by aquatic invertebrates. In "Trophologiya Vodnykh Zhivotnykh: Itogi, Zadachi" (G.V. Nikolsky and P.L. Pyroznikov, eds), pp. 108-121. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
298. Turley, C.M., Lochte, K. and Patterson, D.J. (1988). A barophilic flagellate isolated from 4500 m the mid-North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research 35A, 1079-1092.
299. Turpaeva, E.P. (1953). Feeding and trophic groups of marine benthic invertebrates. Trudy Institute Okeanologii Akademii Nattk SSSR 7, 259-299. (In Russian).
300. Turpaeva, E.P. (1971a). Deep-sea Pantopoda collected in the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 92,274-291. (In Russian with English summary).
301. Turpaeva, E.P. (1971b). An addition to the pantopod fauna of deep-sea trenches of the northwestern part of Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 92, 292-297. (In Russian with English summary).
302. Turpaeva, E.P. (1971c). Genus Ascorhynchus (Pantopoda) in the deep-sea fauna of Pacific Ocean. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispytatelei Prirody, Moskva, Seriya Biologicheskaya 76(3), 104-110. (In Russian with English abstract).
303. Turpaeva, E.P. (1973). Pycnogonids (Pantopoda) collected .by the expeditions of the Institute of Oceanology in the north-west Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 91, 178-191.
304. Turpaeva, E.P. (1974). The Pycnogonida of the Scotia Sea and the surrounding waters. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 98, 275-305.
305. Turpaeva, E.P. (1975). Pantopoda from the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 103, 230-246. (In Russian with English summary).
306. Tyler, P.A. (1988). Seasonality in the deep-sea. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 26, 227-258.
307. Vacelet, J. and Boury-Esnault, N. (1995). Carnivorous sponges. Nature 373, 333-338.
308. Vinogradov, M.E. and Lisitsyn, A.P. (1981). Global patterns of distribution of life in the ocean and their reflection in the composition of benthic sediments. Patterns of distribution of plankton and benthos in the ocean. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 3, 5-25. (In Russian with English title).
309. Vinogradova, N.G. (1969). Vertical distribution of deep-sea benthic fauna. In "Pacific Ocean. Biology of the Pacific Ocean. Book 2. The Deep-sea Bottom Fauna and Pleuston" (V. Kort, éd.), pp. 129-152. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
310. Vinogradova, N.G. (1970). Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the KurilKamchatka Trench. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk 86, 489-512. (In Russian with English summary.)
311. Vinogradova, N.G. (1977). Fauna of the shelf, continental slope and abyssal zone. In "Okeanologiya. Biologiya Okeana", Vol. 1. (M.E. Vinogradov, éd.), pp. 178-187. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
312. Vinogradova, N.G. (1980). Academician L.A. Zenkevich's teaching on the biological structure of the ocean. Okeanologia 20(5), 766-773.
313. Volkonskii, V.V., Zernova, V.V., Semina, G.I., Sukhanova, I.N., Movchan, O.A., Sanina, L.V. and Tarkhova, I.A. (1972). Distribution of phytoplankton in the World Ocean. E'kspress Infonnatsiya. Promyslovaya Okeanologia i Podvodnaya Teklmika 9(3), 1-14. (In Russian).
314. Walter, M.D. (1973). Fressverhalten und Darminhaltsuntersuchungen bei Sipunculiden. Helgolander Wissenschaftlich Meereuntersuchungen 25, 486-494.
315. Wilson, G.D.F.' and Hessler, R.R. (1987). Speciation in the deep-sea. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18, 185-207.
316. Wolff, T. (1979). Macrofaunal utilization of plant remains in the deep-sea. Sarsia 64, 117-136.
317. Wolff, T. (1980). Animals associated with seagrass in the deep-sea. In "Handbook of Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective" (R.C. Phillips and C.P. MaRoy, eds) pp. 119-124. Garland Press, New York.
318. Yonge, C.M. (1956). Marine bottom substrata and their fauna. In "Proceedings of the 14th International Zoological Congress, Copenhagen" 1.
319. Zenkevich, L.A. (1963). "Biology of the Seas of the USSR". Publishing House Academy of Sciences USSR, Moscow. (In Russian: English translation, 1963, Alien & Unwin, London.
320. Zenkevich, L.A., Brotskaya, V.A. and Dekhtereva, A.N. (1931). Materials on feeding in Barents Sea fish. II. In "Doklady 1 Sessii Gosudaratvennogo Okeanograficheskogo Instituta, 4". (In Russian).
321. Zernov, S.A. (1949). "General Hydrobiology". Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. (In Russian).
322. Zernova, V.V. (1974). Distribution of the phytoplankton biomass in the tropical Atlantic. Okeanologiya 14(6), 1070-1076. (In Russian with English abstract).
323. Zevina, G.B. (1970). Cirripeds of the genus Scalpellwn in the north-west part of the Pacific Ocean. Tnidy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 86,252-276. (In Russian with English summary).
324. Zevina, G.B. (1973a). Scalpellidae (Cirripedia) of the Indian Ocean. 2. Species of the subgenera Annandaleum, Mesoscalpellum and Neoscalpellum of the genus Scalpellum. Zoologicheskii Zliitmal 52, 1000-1007. (In Russian with English summary).
325. Zevina, G.B. (1973b). Scalpellidae (Cirripedia) of the Indian Ocean. 1. Species of the subgenera Scalpellum and Arcocalpellum of the genus Scalpellum. Zoologicheskii ZInimal 52, 843-848. (In Russian with English summary).
326. Zevina, G.B. (1973c). Scalpellids (Scalpellidae, Cirripedia) of the Gulf of Alaska. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 91, 136-140. (In Russian with English summary).
327. Zevina, G.B. (1975a). Cirripedia Thoracica of the American Mediterranean region. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 100, 233-258. (In Russian with English summary).
328. Zevina, G.B. (1975b). Cirripedia Thoracica collected by the r/v "Akademik Kurchatov" in the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 103, 183-193. (In Russian with English summary).
329. Zevina, G.B. (1976). Abyssal species of barnacles (Cirrepedia, Thoracica) of the North Atlantic. Zoologicheskii Zhumal 55, 1149-1155. (In Russian with English summary).
330. Zevina, G.B. (1981). Cirriped crustaceans of the suborder Lepadomorpha of the World Ocean. 1. Family Scalpellidae. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 127. Nauka, Leningrad. (In Russian).
331. Zezina, O.N. (1965). On the distribution of the deep-sea brachiopod species Pelagidiscus atlanticus (King). Okeanologiya 5(2), 354-358. (In Russian with English summary).
332. Zezina, O.N. (1973). Composition and distribution of brachiopods in the benthos of the Gulf of Alaska. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 91, 192-202. (In Russian with English summary).
333. Zezina, O.N. (1975a). Recent Caribbean Sea deep-sea brachiopod fauna, the sources and the conditions of its formation. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 100, 188-195. (In Russian with English summary).
334. Zezina, O.N. (1975b). Deep-sea brachiopods from the southwestern part of Pacific Ocean and Scotia Sea. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 103, 247-258. (In Russian with English summary).
335. Zezina, O.N. (1976a). "Ecology and Distribution of the Recent Brachiopoda". Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
336. Zezina, O.N. (1976b). On determination of the growth rate and production of the brachiopod species Pelagodiscus atlanticus (King) from the bathyal and abyss. Trudy Institiita Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 99, 85-90. (In Russian with English summary).
337. Zezina, O.N. (1981). New and rare cancellothyrioid brachiopods from the bathyal and abyssal ocean. Trudy Institiita Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 115, 155-164. (In Russian with English summary).
338. ZoBell, C.E. (1954). The occurrence of bacteria in the deep-sea and their significance for animal life. International Union Biological Science 16, 20-26.